基层防疫禽流感存在的问题及对策

<正>在家禽养殖的过程中,禽流感是一种常见的传染病,具有一定的毁灭性,其主要是由于A型流感病毒引起,每次暴发的禽流感都会导致农村养禽户面临较大的经济损失。因此加强农村禽流感防疫具有十分重要的作用和意义。禽流感防疫工作繁琐、工作量大,且非常艰辛。由于禽流感防疫密度对动物防疫工作起着决定性的作用,因此,必须对禽流感防疫给予高度重视。1基层禽流感防疫中的问题1.1禽流感防疫宣传缺乏力度     

2013年甘肃省清水县鸡禽流感抗体效价的检测与分析

<正>禽流感(AI)是由A型流感病毒引起多种家禽及野鸟的一种高度接触性传染病,鸡体免疫抗体监测是了解疫苗免疫状况的最有效方法。通过分析检测结果,可以适时指导防疫工作。我们应用血清学方法对清水县18乡镇健康鸡血清进行检测,并对检测资料进行分析,以供清水县防疫工作参考。     

环境安全型畜禽舍的理论与实践

东南亚禽流感的暴发又一次敲响了家禽养殖业防疫防病的警钟,家禽养殖场单纯依靠疫苗来预防不断变异的禽流感病毒风险巨大,目前必须采取新的方法填补家禽养殖环节的疫病预防漏洞。环境安全型畜禽舍是能有效隔离疫病和控制疫病传播的养殖防疫工程设施,是今后无疫病养殖小区和养殖     

禽流感的流行特点和综合防制

禽流感（AI）是由A型流感病毒引起的一种传染性疾病。本病传播迅速且形式多样，病毒亚型多，易变异，致死率高，一旦发生，很难控制。几乎所有家禽在任何年龄段均对流感病毒易感。本病迄今在世界上已流行１００多年，每次爆发该病，均对养禽业造成毁灭性打击。近年来，禽流感在世界各国的爆发呈上升趋势，特别是１９９７年香港爆发的禽流感已经对人类的健康构成了威胁。至此，引起了世界各地的广泛关注。国际兽医局动物流行病组织（OIE）和我国《家畜家禽防疫条例》都将此病列为一类传染病。１禽流感的病毒特性和流行病学特征１．１病毒…     

环境安全型畜禽舍的理论与实践

东南亚禽流感的暴发又一次敲响了家禽养殖业防疫防病的警钟，家禽养殖场单纯依靠疫苗来预防不断变异的禽流感病毒风险巨大，目前必须采取新的方法填补家禽养殖环节的疫病预防漏洞。环境安全型禽舍是能有效隔离疫病和控制疫病传播的养殖防疫工程设施，是今后无疫病养殖小区和养殖场建设的核心设施。     

一株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(YB株)的分离鉴定

禽流感(Avian Influence,AI)是由正粘病毒科、流感病毒属A型流感病毒引起的、主要以禽类感染为主的疾病综合征。禽流感分为高致病性禽流感和低致病性禽流感,高致病性禽流感引起家禽高发病率及死亡率,而低致病性禽流感则导致家禽出现呼吸道症状、生长发育受阻及产蛋下降等,严重危害养禽业的健康发展。现世界各地都有特定的毒株引起的禽流感暴发和流行,目前我国禽流感的流行以低致病性     

家禽疾病的动态与应对措施

正1难以对付的禽流感欧洲和美国的家禽生产者终于从野生鸟类禽流感威胁的困境中逐渐走出来了,最危险的携带禽流感病毒的鸟类也已经迁徙到离家禽生产较远的地方,现在是该讨论和评估现有禽流感预防措施是否有效的时候了。1.1禽流感是一直存在的做好防疫保护和对未来可能疫情提供疫苗接种是有效的应对方式吗?然而每个人都明白的一点是:禽流感永远不会消失。无论是气候变化、候     

雏番鸭禽流感母源抗体水平对首免抗体的影响

禽流感(AI)是由正黏病毒科、流感病毒属的A型流感病毒引起的禽的一种烈性、传染性综合征。我国将高致病性禽流感列为一类动物疫病。对家禽进行禽流感疫苗的预防接种是我国防治高致病性禽流     

农业部印发全国家禽H7N9流感剔除计划

为进一步做好人感染 H 7N 9禽流感疫情应对工作,及时发现、剔除家禽H 7N 9流感病毒,切实保障养禽业生产安全、动物产品质量安全和公共卫生安全,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》等法律法规和《国家中长期动物疫病防治规划（2012-2020年）》要求,农业部制定了《全国家禽 H7N9流感剔除计划》。     

浅析影响禽流感血凝抑制试验的因素

禽流感是由正粘病毒科A型流感病毒引起的一种禽类烈性传染病，对养禽业及人类健康都可产生严重危害。对家禽进行禽流感疫苗预防接种是我国防治禽流感的主要措施之一。对禽流感抗体水平的监测一般采用血凝和血凝抑制试验（HA—HI试验），其技术规范依照（GB/T18936—2003）进行。该试验方法具有经济、快速可靠、操作简便和对抗体水平进行量化的优点，已在各地动物防疫监督机构、出入境检验检疫部门和养殖场广泛使用。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …