饲粮钙水平对5～8周龄怀乡鸡生长性能、骨骼特性及钙磷代谢的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮钙水平对5～8周龄怀乡鸡生长性能、骨骼特性及钙磷代谢的影响，以探讨5～8周龄怀乡鸡饲粮适宜钙水平。采用完全随机试验设计，将240只28日龄体重[（381.66±5.68） g]均一的怀乡鸡公鸡随机分为5组（每组6个重复，每个重复8只鸡），分别饲喂钙水平为0.75%（基础饲粮，非植酸磷水平为0.40%）、0.85%、0.95%、1.05%和1.15%的试验饲粮，试验期4周。结果显示：饲粮钙水平对怀乡鸡5～8周龄阶段的平均日采食量、平均日增重及耗料增重比没有显著影响（P>0.05）；饲粮钙水平显著影响怀乡鸡8周龄末的胫骨和趾骨灰分钙含量、血清钙含量、胫骨碱性磷酸酶mRNA相对表达量、粗灰分和钙表观代谢率（P<0.05），对其他骨骼及血清指标无显著影响（P>0.05）。趋势分析表明，胫骨灰分钙含量、血清钙含量、粗灰分和钙表观代谢率以及胫骨碱性磷酸酶mRNA相对表达量随饲粮钙水平的升高呈显著的二次曲线变化（P<0.05），趾骨灰分钙含量随饲粮钙水平的升高呈二次曲线变化趋势（P=0.079）。拟合分析得出其最佳拟合方程，胫骨和趾骨灰分钙含量、血清钙含量、...     

不同非植酸磷水平日粮对1～28日龄怀乡鸡体尺性状和胴体品质的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同非植酸磷水平日粮对1~28日龄怀乡鸡体尺性状和胴体品质的影响,筛选出能反映1~28日龄怀乡鸡非植酸磷需要量的敏感指标,以确定1~28日龄怀乡鸡饲粮中适宜的非植酸磷水平。选取身体健康、体重相近的1日龄怀乡鸡240只,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复公母鸡各6只。试验采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,各组日粮中非植酸磷含量分别为0.32%、0.39%、0.46%、0.53%和0.60%;除非植酸磷水平外,其他营养素水平相同,试验持续28日,采用二次曲线模型确定1~28日龄怀乡鸡日粮中非植酸磷的适宜水平。结果表明:饲粮非植酸磷水平对1~28日龄的怀乡鸡的龙骨长、骨盆宽、胫长、胫围以及腿肌粗蛋白含量均有显著影响(P0.05),均可作为评价1~28日龄怀乡鸡的非植酸磷需要量的敏感指标,综合各个敏感指标的二次曲线模型结果,建议1~28日龄怀乡鸡的非植酸磷的需要量为0.49%。     

饲粮钙磷水平对矮脚黄肉鸡生长性能及胫骨灰分含量的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮钙磷水平对矮脚黄肉鸡生长性能及胫骨灰分含量影响,得到矮脚黄肉鸡适宜的饲粮钙磷水平。综合肉鸡的生长性能及胫骨灰分含量的数据来看,矮脚黄肉鸡小鸡阶段饲粮的钙水平为0.90%,非植酸磷水平为0.40%,中鸡阶段饲粮钙水平为0.85%,非植酸磷水平为0.36%,大鸡阶段饲粮钙水平为0.80%,非植酸磷水平为0.33%可满足肉鸡生长及骨骼发育需要,在此基础上钙磷水平下调,肉鸡胫骨灰分含量显著降低(P0.01)。     

北京红鸡饲粮适宜非植酸磷水平的研究

用 15 0只 2 0周龄的商品代北京红鸡 ,在 2 0～ 4 0周龄期间饲粮非植酸磷水平设为 0 .2 0 % ,0 .2 5 % ,0 .30 %和0 .4 0 % ,研究饲粮非植酸磷的适宜水平。结果表明 :饲粮非植酸磷水平对蛋鸡的蛋壳厚度、蛋壳百分率、胫骨灰分钙、磷、锰、锌含量和血浆磷含量有显著影响 (P <0 .0 5 )。饲粮非植酸磷水平 0 .2 0 %时 ,血浆磷含量低于其它水平组(P <0 .0 5 ) ;蛋壳厚度、蛋壳百分率、胫骨杰分钙、磷、锰、锌含量高于其它水平组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而对产蛋性能、蛋形指数、哈夫单位、蛋壳重、蛋壳矿物质含量无显著影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。根据二次回归方程得出 ,2 0～ 4 0周龄商品代北京红鸡饲粮适宜非植酸磷水平为 0 .2 0 % (实测值 :0 .2 3% )。     

饲粮钙水平对5-8周龄怀乡鸡体尺性状及屠宰性能的影响

本试验研究饲粮钙水平对5-8周龄怀乡鸡体尺性状及屠宰性能的影响,筛选反映怀乡鸡饲粮钙营养水平的敏感指标,以确定该阶段怀乡鸡饲粮中钙的适宜水平。选取160只健康、体重相近的4周龄怀乡鸡,随机分成5个处理组,每个处理组4个重复,每个重复8只鸡,公母各半。试验采用玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,各组钙含量分别为0.75%、0.85%、0.95%、1.05%和1.15%;除钙水平外,其他营养成分含量一致,试验28天。结果表明:饲粮钙水平对5-8周龄怀乡鸡的骨盆宽、胸深和胸肌率有显著影响(P<0.05),但对其它体尺指标及屠宰性能指标均无显著影响(P>0.05);随着饲粮钙水平的增加,骨盆宽、胸深和胸肌率的最佳拟合曲线分别呈二次曲线、二次折线和二次曲线变化,据此得出5-8周龄怀乡鸡饲粮钙的适宜水平为0.81%~1.00%。     

饲粮钙磷水平对0～6同龄贵妃鸡生长及骨骼特性的影响

为研究饲粮钙和非植酸磷水平对贵妃鸡生长性能及骨骼特性的影响,以确定0～6周龄贵妃鸡日粮中适宜钙和非植酸磷水平,试验选用1日龄贵妃鸡公鸡360羽,采用2×3因子设计,共6个处理,每个处理6个重复笼,每重复10羽鸡,其中两个钙水平分别为1.10％、1.20％,三个非植酸磷水平分别为0.45％、0.50％和0.55％,饲养试验42 d,试验末,每组选6羽鸡（每笼1羽）进行屠宰测定,取左侧胫骨样品测定胫骨重、胫骨灰分、钙磷等指标.结果表明：日粮钙和非植酸磷水平的互作效应对贵妃鸡的生长和饲料利用效率有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,在1.10％钙水平下,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,日增重和耗料增重比先显著升高后降低（P＜0.05）;在1.20％钙水平,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,日增重和耗料增重比趋于升高,但未显显著差异（P＞0.05）.日粮非植酸磷水平及二者的互作效应对贵妃鸡的胫骨特性有显著的影响（P＜0.05）,在1.10％钙水平下,随日粮非植酸磷水平升高,胫骨灰分和胫骨磷含量先显著升高后降低（P＜0.05）,然而,在1.20％钙水平,胫骨灰分、胫骨钙磷含量0.55％组显著高于0.45％组（P＜0.05）;试验所有组中日粮非植酸磷水平0.50％和0.55％组胫骨灰分、胫骨钙磷含量显著高于0.45％组（P＜0.05）.综合本试验结果,推荐0～6周龄贵妃鸡日粮钙和非植酸磷适宜水平分别为1.10％和0.50％.     

饲粮非植酸磷水平对高峰期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和胫骨指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮非植酸磷水平对高峰期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和胫骨指标的影响。选取即将达到产蛋高峰期的山麻鸭900只,随机分为6组,每组6个重复,每个重复25只。各组非植酸磷水平分别为0.20%、0.25%、0.30%、0.35%、0.40%、0.45%,试验期11个月。结果表明:1)饲粮非植酸磷水平对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质均无显著影响(P0.05)。2)饲粮非植酸磷水平对蛋鸭的胫骨重、胫骨长度和折断力无显著影响(P0.05)。骨密度和骨矿盐含量随饲粮非植酸磷水平升高呈现先上升后降低的变化趋势,0.35%组和0.40%组的胫骨密度显著高于0.20%组和0.25%组(P0.05),当饲粮非植酸磷水平升至0.35%以上时,骨矿盐含量显著高于0.20%组(P0.05)。3)饲粮非植酸磷水平对胫骨灰分中钙和磷含量、血清中钙和磷含量均无显著影响(P0.05)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,由于饲粮非植酸磷水平对产蛋性能和蛋品质无显著影响,以骨密度和骨矿盐含量作为参考指标,通过回归方程得出蛋鸭适宜的饲粮非植酸磷水平为0.33%~0.38%。在实际生产中,若只考虑生产性能,建议采用0.20%饲粮非植酸磷水平,可节约饲料成本。     

日粮中钙、磷水平对1～3周龄肉鸡骨骼生长的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中不同钙、磷水平对1～3周龄肉鸡骨骼生长的影响.采用5×4两因子完全随机试验设计,将800只1日龄白羽肉鸡随机分成20个处理,每个处理4个重复,每重复饲养10只鸡.日粮设5个钙水平(0.6%、0.8%、1.0%、1.2%和1.5%),4个非植酸磷水平(0.35%、0.45%、0.55%和0.65%),共构成20个处理的试验日粮.试验期为3周.结果表明:日粮钙、磷水平对肉鸡的胫骨灰分以及胫骨中钙、磷的沉积有显著影响(P<0.05),提高日粮钙、磷水平可增加胫骨灰分含量.日粮钙、磷水平显著影响了肉鸡的胫骨强度(P<0.05),随日粮钙水平的增加,胫骨强度呈先增加后降低的二次曲线变化趋势,增加日粮非植酸磷水平可显著增加胫骨强度(P<0.05),但高钙(1.5%)、低钙(0.6%)和低磷(0.35%非植酸磷)都显著降低胫骨强度(P<0.05).本试验中,1～3周龄肉鸡达到最大胫骨强度的钙、非植酸磷水平分别为1.0%和0.65%.1～3周龄肉鸡胫骨灰分,胫骨强度与日粮钙、磷水平关系模型为:Y1=13.384+22.873X1+53.237X2-7.747X12-14.505X1 X2-37.070X22,Y2=-109.462+221.270X1+349.690X2-106.061X12+5.208X1 X2-322.143X22,其中Y1为胫骨灰分,Y2为胫骨强度,X1为日粮钙水平,X2为日粮非植酸磷水平.综合本试验结果,采用岭迹分析表明,以胫骨灰分和胫骨强度为评价指标,1～3周龄肉鸡钙和非植酸磷适宜需要量分别为0.98%、0.53%和1.06%、0.55%.     

饲粮非植酸磷水平对产蛋高峰期临武鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮非植酸磷水平对产蛋高峰期临武鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响,以确定其非植酸磷需要量。试验选用遗传背景一致、产蛋率为80%的250只临武鸭,随机分成5个组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。各组分别饲喂非植酸磷水平为0.20%、0.25%、0.30%、0.35%和0.40%的饲粮,试验全期63 d。结果表明:与0.20%非植酸磷组相比,其他4组合格蛋率分别提高了1.37%(P0.05)、2.15%(P0.05)、2.05%(P0.05)和1.24%(P0.05);0.30%、0.35%和0.40%非植酸磷组的蛋壳厚度高于0.20%和0.25%非植酸磷组(P0.05);随着饲粮非植酸磷水平增加,蛋壳强度呈上升趋势(P0.05);饲粮中非植酸磷水平对血清钙含量无显著影响;0.20%和0.25%非植酸磷组血清中碱性磷酸酶活性高于0.30%、0.35%和0.40%非植酸磷组(P0.05);0.30%、0.35%和0.40%非植酸磷组血清中磷含量高于0.20%非植酸磷组(P0.05)。由此可见,日粮中适宜非植酸磷水平可以提高合格蛋率,保持机体钙、磷代谢平衡,在饲粮钙水平为3.46%条件下,30～38周龄笼养蛋鸭适宜的非植酸磷水平为0.30%～0.35%。     

基于荟萃分析研究肉禽非植酸磷需要量的最佳拟合模型

本研究基于荟萃分析,采用3种常用模型对非植酸磷水平与肉鸡、鸭、鹅胫骨灰分含量的剂量-效应试验结果进行拟合比较,确定选择最佳拟合模型,为肉禽非植酸磷需要量的评定提供依据。共收集32组肉禽非植酸磷水平与胫骨灰分含量的剂量-效应试验数据,分别用二次曲线、线性折线及二次折线模型进行拟合,通过对不同模型的平均拟合指数及最佳拟合模型出现频度来确定最优拟合方程。结果表明,三种模型对32组数据的拟合度范围分别为：二次曲线模型65.7%～100.0%,二次折线模型4.6%～100.0%,折线模型4.6%～99.8%,拟合度均值分别为92.1%、89.5%、88.6%,最佳拟合出现频度分别为17/32、18/32、15/32。综上所述,以胫骨灰分含量为效应值来评定肉禽非植酸磷需要量时,建议首选二次曲线模型,次选二次折线模型。     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍.对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述.     

国内生态恢复研究进展

本文介绍了生态恢复的研究进展,从生态恢复的定义、退化生态系统的指标等方面进行阐述,重点对国内在恢复生态学方面的进展做了介绍。对当前的人工草地、草地农业的研究情况做了一些概述。     

Veterinary pathology in Europe in the light of the congresses of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology in the last decade

This paper presents the main trends in the activity of European veterinary pathologists in the context of their oral presentations (plenary lectures and short presentations) and posters provided during annual meetings of the European Society of Veterinary Pathology (ESVP), in the decade 1997-2006. It was found that the issue that was most often brought up in the meetings was organ pathology (566 presentations). Infectious and parasitical diseases were only slightly less frequent (548 presentations). Oncology was another common issue (404 presentations). During this decade, 52 plenary lectures were presented, 765 oral presentations and 1 072 posters. Altogether, 1 889 presentations were made, which is between 127 and 238 per year. Research by Polish scientists accounted for 3.16% of all presentations. Additionally, the subject matter discussed at the annual meetings is analysed, and the trends in the development of veterinary diagnostic pathology and broad pathology education are indicated. It is shown that veterinary pathology enhances knowledge in the field of veterinary medicine by fulfilling a cognitive and diagnostic role.     

Application of the log-linear model in the prediction of the antinuclear antibody test in the dog

To find possible associations between antinuclear antibody (ANA) pattern, ANA titer, and certain clinical changes and clinical laboratory test results in dogs, the veterinary medical records of 111 ANA-positive and 126 ANA-negative dogs were examined. Variables could not be found that had significant associations with ANA pattern (unlike the results in persons), because of the predominance of 2 patterns. A log-linear model for ANA titer adequately fit the observed frequency and included 2-way interactions between titer and polyarthritis, titer and hematologic disorders, and polyarthritis and lymphadenopathy.     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.     

Disturbance in the growth of the radius in dogs

In a 4-year period nine dogs have been met in which there was incomplete growth of the radius. The condition was unilateral in eight dogs and bilateral in one. Two were littermates. The defect is due to premature cessation of growth of the distal growth plate of the radius but the cause of this is not precisely known. It is recognized by characteristic radiographic changes in radius length, elbow joint space and premature closure of the distal growth plate of the radius. A method of surgical treatment has been devised and has proved beneficial in five dogs. Zusammenfassung. In einer Vierjahresperiode wurden neun Hunde beobachtet, bei denen ein unvollständiges Wachstum des Radius vorlag. Bei acht Hunden war der Zustand nur auf einer Seite zu finden, bei einem Hund auf beiden Seiten. Zwei der Hunde gehörten zum gleichen Wurf. Der Mangel ist auf verfrühte Wachstumseinstellung der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius zurückzuführen, jedoch ist die Ursache davon nicht genau bekannt. Er wird an charakteristischen radiographischen Veränderungen der Radiuslänge, des Ellbogengelenkzwischenraums und vorzeitigem Abschluss der distalen Wachstumsplatte des Radius erkannt. Es wurde eine chirurgische Behandlungsmethode entwickelt, die sich bei fünf Hunden als nutzlich erwies. Résumé. Au cows d'une période de 4 ans on a observé 9 cas de croissance incomplète du radius chez des chiens; l'anomalie était unilatérale dans 8 cas et bilatérale dans un cas; deux chiens appartenaient à la même portée. L'anomalie est due à l'arrêt prématuré de croissance de la plaque de croissance distale du radius, mais la cause n'en est pas encore connue d'une manière précise. Le diagnostic se fait par les signes radiologiques caractéristiques, modifications de la longueur du radius, de l'articulation du coude et soudure prématurée de la plaque de croissance du radius. On a élaboré une méthode de traitement chirurgical, qui s'est montrée favorable chez 5 chiens.     

Modelling the transmission of Echinococcus granulosus in dogs in the northwest and in the southwest of Morocco

Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) infection was studied in 151 dogs in two regions of Morocco: 68 dogs in the northwest (Loukkos) and 83 dogs in the southwest (Tiznit). The mean prevalence rates of echinococcosis in dogs were 58.82% (46.23-70.63%) in Loukkos and 55.42% (44.10-66.34%) in Tiznit and the mean abundances of E. granulosus per dog were 75 (59-93) and 547 (504-595), respectively. The mean abundance of E. granulosus in dogs was fitted to a negative binomial distribution by the maximum likelihood techniques to define parameters. E. granulosus was aggregated in dogs in the two regions. The prevalence of infection and the abundance of E. granulosus in dogs were fitted to mathematical models in order to determine if the parasite population is partly regulated by definitive host immunity. The best fit was obtained with the models assuming the presence of immunity. The mean time of exposure to infection was similar in the two regions and ranged from 8 months to about 2 years. The infection pressures (number of E. granulosus) obtained per dog each year were 65 (8-294) in Loukkos and 476 (316-886) in Tiznit. The proportion of dogs susceptible to infection was still high along the life of the dogs in Loukkos, while it was not different from zero in old dogs of Tiznit.