太原市汾河湿地公园游憩空间设计初探

湿地公园不仅能发挥调节生态环境的功能,也是人们休闲游憩的重要场所,因此湿地公园游憩空间设计就显得非常重要。文章通过对汾河湿地公园游憩空间设计原则、设计特色的分析,旨在探索如何更好地营造湿地公园的游憩空间。     

城市社区生活圈视角下公共开放空间规划控制

新时代背景下,对社区生活圈视角下公共开放空间的规划控制进行探究是协调人与户外空间矛盾、提升社区休闲功能的关键议题。文章基于对国内外先进城市相关规划控制途径的研究,为我国社区生活圈视角下公共开放空间的规划控制在技术方法、法规制度、运作机制层面的优化提出思考与建议,包括“土地”与“空间”管控的双管齐下、特色政策创新与核心内容法定化、“上下结合”的机制构建等。     

基于市民休闲视角下的城市湿地公园景观空间营建研究--以普洱市梅子湖湿地公园为例

指出了湿地公园一方面承担着生态建设的功能,另一方面也担负着休闲游憩的功能。以普洱市梅子湖湿地公园为例,从市民休闲的角度,以景观分析的手法探讨了城市湿地公园的景观空间营造。研究表明:梅子湖湿地公园整体分为入口景观空间、儿童景观空间、游赏景观空间,各景观空间依据空间构成要素及周围环境形成了不同的空间类型,可满足市民不同群体的休闲需求。     

现代乡村社区公共文化空间规划研究——以江苏句容市于家边村为例

乡村公共文化空间是乡村社区内部公共性的、村民可以自由进入并进行文化生活的空间,是乡村文化传承的载体和人际交往的场所,是乡村精神文明建设的主要实现途径。但目前我国乡村社区的公共文化空间普遍缺失,传统的公共空间逐渐衰落,满足现代文化需求的空间边缘化、被动化,严重制约了乡村社会文化的建设和发展。文中分析现代乡村文化需求的主要内容,提出乡村社区公共文化空间的类型,指出乡村公共文化空间的营造要充分发挥村民的主体作用,体现本土性、主动性、参与性、聚集性和平等性等特点,并以江苏省句容市于家边村为例探讨了在现代乡村规划中如何主动营造形式多样的乡村公共文化空间。     

江南古典园林游憩功能提升改造探讨——以上海醉白池公园为例

游憩是都市人放松心情和愉悦身心的最佳途径之一。古典园林作为融深厚历史文化与优美园林景观于一体的绿色空间,具有独特的休闲游憩价值。如何协调古典园林特色保护与现代游憩功能提升之间的关系,已经成为古典园林发展面临的难题。上海醉白池公园针对该园定位空间布局欠清晰、景观风格失序、设施老化等问题,开展了以景观功能提升与游憩空间拓展为核心的更新改造,重点实施了水体富营养化治理、高观赏植物应用、重点活动区地面铺装更新、盆景园院落化改造以及游憩设施改善等内容,较好地满足了现代都市人的游憩需求,游客量明显提高。文中进一步探讨了古典园林保护与游憩发展、现代设施及工艺与延续古典园林意趣以及园林理水与景观功能提升之间的关系。     

基于老旧小区公共空间微改造的城市修补策略

城市老旧社区普遍存在停车混乱、公共空间不足、社区文化不凸显、社区形象不突出等问题。在以人民为中心、建设公园城市和提升人民获得感的新城市发展理念下,老旧小区公共空间微改造是城市修补的重要抓手。总结了广州环市路沿线11个老旧小区公共空间存在散点分布、不成体系,违规占用、空间破败,特色缺乏,可识别性差三大问题;提出连接社区内外成系统、精细挖潜增数量、围绕生活提品质的三大修补策略,并从功能复合化和空间立体化两大方面,结合案例提出修补设计的具体手法。     

罗定江滨公园及市政广场景观设计

文章通过分析罗定江滨公园及市政广场的景观设计,探讨城市新区核心开放空间景观的地域认知与活动空间设计问题。罗定江滨公园及市政广场的景观设计在充分了解场地条件和可利用景观资源的基础上对市民广场、半岛酒店、休闲游憩地、儿童乐园、生态湿地等关键景观进行空间塑造。     

运动·休闲·生态文化——南海康怡花园星悦晴居环境景观设计

通过康怡居住小区景观设计的简要介绍,证实了高层住宅小区景观必须兼备观赏性和实用性,在绿地系统中形成开放性格局,布置文化娱乐设施使休闲、运动、交流等人性化的空间与设施融合在园林景观之中,营造出有利于发展人际关系的公共空间,渲染出一种高尚健康的社区文化氛围。     

代际融合式全龄社区公共空间营建策略研究

现有的全龄社区多针对不同年龄的群体营造其专属的公共空间,空间的分异不利于不同代人群的交流沟通、互惠互利.代际融合式全龄社区是和谐社会的发展趋势,然而面临着代际需求复杂、动态多变等多种挑战.针对性地引入包容型设计和社区共生理念,提出了满足代际需求和适应生命周期的营建策略,期望在横向层面上细分代际差异、整合空间功能,在纵向...     

基于生态系统文化服务的社区花园空间微更新策略研究

在城市化进程中,对存量绿地的优化和增进居民福祉已成为城市面临的巨大挑战,社区花园空间微更新引起了人居环境领域学者的广泛关注。通过文献研究法,对生态系统文化服务和社区花园进行了分析,探讨得出了两者具有密切联系。基于生态系统文化服务的休闲游憩、景观美学、文化传承、自然教育四个维度,分别对应提出了社区花园空间微更新复合功能、模糊边界,协同管理、增设小品,保持原真、引入触媒,普及科学、培养艺术四条策略。     

Effects of flooding on growth of seedlings of woody riparian species

The effects of flooding on growth of seedlings were compared over a 7-month period (April–November) among six different woody species: Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fraxinus platypoda, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Pterostyrax hispida, and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Flooding reduced the shoot length of F. platypoda, P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata seedlings but did not affect that of A. turbinata seedlings. Among control seedlings, shoot elongation occurred once in A. turbinata and twice in F. platypoda and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata; the other species continued to grow from April to August. Among the flooded plants of all species, shoot elongation occurred only once at the beginning of the growing season. On August 25, flooding significantly reduced the number of developed leaves as compared with control plants except for A. turbinata. In the flooded plants except for F. platypoda, leaf fall began on June 30; in controls, by contrast, the number of developed leaves increased until August 25. Flooding reduced the total dry weight increment in all species. The survival ratio of flooded plants after the experiment differed with species. All of the F. platypoda and A. turbinata seedlings survived the flooding treatment, while only 20% of P. hispida and 30% of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata survived. Flooding seriously affected the growth of riparian pioneer species including P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata. The effects of flooding on growth of the seedlings differed with the tree species because of differences in leaf-emergence pattern and physiological flood tolerance. The responses of tree seedlings to flooding reflected species habitats and growth patterns.     

Measurement of the dynamic modulus of elasticity of wood panels

This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static modulus of elasticity (E _S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E _S, transverse vibration DMOE (E _F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E _L). For all of these species, the correlation between E _S, E _F and E _L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between E _S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E _S and ρ is lower than those between E _F, E _L and E _S. The E _S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131]     

大花葵花色苷抑菌功能研究

本项研究通过采用固体培养和液体培养的试验方法,进行大花葵花(Malvasylvestris)色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和黑曲霉的抑菌试验。结果表明:大花葵花色苷对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用,而对大肠杆菌和黑曲霉没有抑制现象发生。在固体培养试验中大花葵花色苷随着浓度的增加,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制程度越大,当大花葵花色苷浓度为10g/L时抑菌圈平均直径为6mm,当浓度增加至30g/L时,抑菌圈平均直径为16mm。而且,高浓度的大花葵花色苷溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有长时间的抑制作用。     

Technologies of liquefaction of bamboo and preparation of adhesive

The technology of liquefying processed-waste bamboo with phenol is investigated by single factor trials and an orthogonal design. We studied the preparation technology and properties of adhesives from this phenol-liquefied bamboo with formaldehyde (BPF). The results show that temperature has a significant effect on liquefaction. The effect of the mass ratio of phenol to bamboo comes second and the catalyst dosage within the range of 2%–4% is the least effective. The optimum conditions of liquefaction are as follows: a mass ratio of phenol to bamboo 3.5, a catalyst dosage of 4%, liquefying temperature 145°C and liquefying time 60 min. The liquefaction rate of bamboo reached 99.1%. For the preparation of the adhesive, a mass ratio of liquefied bamboo products to formaldehyde (37%) is 100 to 164.8–199.5, while the ratio 100 to 108.2 is the best. This adhesive has a lower curing temperature than that of normal PF resin. At a hot-press temperature of 130 or 140°C, this new adhesive provides excellent bonding strength of plywood. The most favorable temperature for hot-pressing is 140°C. __________ Translated from Chemistry and Industry of Forest Products, 2007, 27(6): 65–70 [译自: 林产化学与工业]     

黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态

[目的]分离并量化土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸,探讨各自贡献率及其随季节变化的动态特征。[方法]采用壕沟法和气体红外分析法,研究黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率的季节动态变化、贡献率和环境影响因子。[结果]表明:栓皮栎人工林总土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸均呈夏季速率高、冬季速率低。栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸及异养呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度均呈极显著指数相关,温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值大小为自养呼吸(3.40)异养呼吸(2.90)土壤总呼吸(2.45);栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤体积含水量均显著线性相关;土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤电导率显著相关。土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q_(10)值均在冬季最大,夏秋季最小;而自养呼吸的Q_(10)值则呈相反的变化趋势。栓皮栎人工林自养呼吸和异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的月贡献率为13.23%37.33%和62.67%86.76%,且自养呼吸的贡献率与土壤温度的季节变化规律相似。土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸与自养呼吸的CO2年通量分别为1 616.41、1 199.39、417.02 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。[结论]经过区分与定量化土壤总呼吸及其组分,确定异养呼吸为本研究区栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸的主要组分,作用于异养呼吸的生物与非生物因子均能显著影响整个森林生态系统表层CO_2总排放通量的大小,进一步为该研究区森林生态系统碳循环与能量流动的进一步量化研究提供参考。     

对印度亚热带潮湿气候中的多种用途树叶作为草料的质量评价(英文)

多种用途树种和灌木在农业系统中有重要的作用,在减少饲料供求矛盾和补充世界各地饲料赤字,提高动物生产力方面有很大的潜力。同时,评价草料各种营养特性,利于生产定量平衡的饲料。评价12种多种用途树种(Acacia auri-culiformis,Albizzia procera,Dalbergia sissoo,Gliricidia macu-lata,Leucaena leucocephala,Samanea saman,Azadirachta in-dica,Eucalyptus hybrida,Gmelina arborea,Michelia champaca,Morus alba,和Tectona grandis)的树叶的营养特性,其中分别包括6种豆科和非豆科树种,指标包括:常规成分,细胞壁成分,总鞣质含量,大量(Ca和P)与微量元素(Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn和Co)含量,干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值。结果表明上述各参数都有明显的差异。有机物,粗蛋白质含量,石油醚提取物总量,粗纤维含量,无氮浸出物,总灰分的平均值分别为:(92.02±0.30)%,(16.00±0.74)%,(3.05±0.13)%,(18.97±1.07)%,(54.00±1.12)%和(7.98±0.30)%。豆科树种较非豆科树种有更高的粗蛋白质含量(18.30%和13.70%)。细胞壁成分中的中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,半纤维,纤维素,酸性木质素含量平均值分别为:(52.48±1.05)%,(31.72±0.97)%,(20.76±0.88)%,(16.97±0.70)%和(9.57±0.62)%。总鞣质含量为(4.22±0.32)%。Ca与P之比合理,多种树种叶中Fe和Mn含量丰富,P,Cu,Zn和Co水平低于标准水平含量。干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率平均值分别为(48.96±1.30)%和(50.69±1.36)%。代谢能量值为(6.95±0.11)MJ·kg-1。粗蛋白质含量与干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率和代谢能量值成正相关;而这三个参数与中性洗涤纤维素,酸性洗涤纤维,和酸性木质素含量成负相关。结果表明:银合欢可作为优良饲料的树种,因为它具有最高的干物质体外消化率与有机物消化率以及代谢能量值(65.20%,67.66%和7.95MJ·kg-1),而Gliricidia maculata,Morus alba,Azadirachta indica,Dalbergia sissoo和Samanea saman可做较好类型饲料的树种,其它树种做饲料质量差。     

落叶松水浸液对胡桃楸幼苗生长的影响

A study was conducted to detect the effect of water extracts from different parts such as root, bark, branch and leaf, of adult larch, Larix gmelini, trees on growth of Manchurian walnut, Juglans mandshudca, seedlings and the allelopathy between the two tree species. Four concentrations （100 g. kg i, 50 g. kg^-1, 25 g. kg^-1 and 12.5 g. kg^-1） were prepared for each kind of extracts. Result showed that the water extracts with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the growth of collar diameter and increased biomass and root/shoot ratio of walnut seedlings. The water extracts from branches and barks with low and moderate concentrations accelerated the height growth of the seedlings, while those from leaves and roots slightly decreased the height growth of seedlings. The fact that application of water extracts of larch improved the growth of Manchurian walnut attributes possibly to the allelopathy between the two tree species.     

CONTROL TECHNIQUE OF BACTERIAL CANKER OF POPLAR

The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered.     

南北样带温带区栎属树种幼苗功能性状的变异研究

植物功能性状由生境条件和遗传因素共同决定,田间控制实验能够揭示植物功能性状在种内和种间的变异程度.采集南北样带温带区8个地点6种栎属树种的种子,通过田间栽培试验,以均一环境下1年生幼苗为对象,研究比较种内及种间比叶重、单位叶面积光合速率、单位叶重量光合速率、总干物质含量和根冠比5种功能性状的变化差异,并且分析幼苗功能性状与种子性状的关系.结果发现:栎属树种种间幼苗的功能性状变异系数高于种内,并且种内功能性状的差异较小,种间差异性较大,而比叶重和叶片光合速率无论在种间还是种内,其变异率都较小;总干物质量和根冠比与种子质量显著相关,随种子质量增加幼苗的总干物质量和根冠比呈现增加的趋势,比叶重和叶片光合速率与种子质量的相关性较小.     

Distribution of gymnemic acid in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre

The gymnemic acid contents in various organs of Gymnema sylvestre were investigated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The results shows that the content of gymnemic acid in various organs, obviously different, was 54.29, 31.66, 28.82, 27.67, 25.39, 20.56 and 1.31 mg·g⁻¹ DW in shoot tips, flowers, nodes, leaves, internodes, roots and seeds, respectively. The highest gymnemic acid content (54.29 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was found in shoot tip, 1.96 fold higher than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW). Maximum quantity of gymnemic acid (35.39 mg·g⁻¹ DW) was observed in the young leaves, which was 1.52 times higher than that in old leaves (23.07 mg·g⁻¹ DW). The content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old internodes was 26.47, 25.77 and 23.94 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all lower than that in leaves (27.67 mg·g⁻¹ DW), whereas the content of gymnemic acid in young, middle and old nodes was 27.96, 28.81 and 29.66 mg·g⁻¹ DW, respectively, all higher than that in leaves. The study provides the scientific evidences for the rational development and utilization of Gymnema sylvestre resources, since over exploitation of natural stands has caused depletion of these plants in nature. Foundation project: This work was supported by University Grants Commission, New Delhi (No. 33-88/2007 (SR))