日粮中添加发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率和饲料通过消化道时长的影响。选取480头80日龄左右、体况相近的杜花二元杂交育肥猪(♂杜洛克猪×♀广东小耳花猪),随机分为试验组和对照组,每组24个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮的同时,按照猪生长阶段额外添加5%～20%的发酵果渣,饲养试验全期共5个月。结果显示,小猪阶段(25～60 kg阶段,添加5%～10%的发酵果渣),平均日增重无影响,试验组全价料采食量降低6.12%(P>0.05),料重比降低5.57%(P>0.05);中猪阶段(60～80 kg阶段,添加15%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高6.52%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.55%(P>0.05,料重比降低12.90%(P<0.05);大猪阶段(80～100 kg阶段,添加20%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高4.69%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低9.50%(P>0.05),料重比降低12.20%(P<0.05);试验全期,试验组平均日增重提高2.08%(P>0.05),全价料采食量降低7.47%(P>0.05),料重比降低8.62%(P<0.05)。额外添加发酵果渣能不同程度显著性提高杜花二元杂交育肥猪中后期对粗蛋白质的表观消化率,但对钙和磷的吸收具有降低的趋势。额外添加发酵果渣能缩短杜花二元杂交育肥猪前期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05),但能不同程度延长中后期饲料通过消化道的时长(P>0.05)。本试验结果表明,在杜花二元杂交育肥猪日粮中额外添加适量的发酵果渣能提高生长性能,降低料重比,且可一定程度上延长饲料在育肥中后期猪消化道内的停留时间,促进猪对日粮中粗蛋白质等营养物质的消化吸收。     

杜可二元杂交猪与外三元猪育肥性能比较研究

为了研究本地培育新品系杜可二元杂(杜洛克×可乐猪)交猪与传统外三元(杜洛克×长白×大约克)猪在生长育肥性能上的差异,试验选择杜可二元杂交猪和外三元猪仔猪各12头进行饲养试验,测定仔猪生产性能。结果表明:外三元猪仔猪日增重和饲料报酬明显优于杜可二元杂交猪仔猪,但差异不显著(P0.05);杜可二元杂交猪早期育肥性能上略优于外三元,但差异不显著(P0.05)。     

日粮中添加发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪生长性能和养分表观消化率的影响

本试验旨在研究发酵果渣对杜花二元杂交育肥猪的生长性能、养分表观消化率和饲料通过消化道时长的影响。选取480头80日龄左右、体况相近的杜花二元杂交育肥猪(♂杜洛克猪×♀广东小耳花猪),随机分为试验组和对照组,每组24个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮的同时,按照猪生长阶段额外添加5%～20%的发酵果渣,饲养试验全期共5个月。结果显示,小猪阶段(25～60 kg阶段,添加5%～10%的发酵果渣),平均日增重无影响,试验组全价料采食量降低6.12%(P0.05),料重比降低5.57%(P0.05);中猪阶段(60～80 kg阶段,添加15%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高6.52%(P0.05),全价料采食量降低7.55%(P0.05,料重比降低12.90%(P0.05);大猪阶段(80～100 kg阶段,添加20%的发酵果渣),试验组平均日增重提高4.69%(P0.05),全价料采食量降低9.50%(P0.05),料重比降低12.20%(P0.05);试验全期,试验组平均日增重提高2.08%(P0.05),全价料采食量降低7.47%(P0.05),料重比降低8.62%(P0.05)。额外添加发酵果渣能不同程度显著性提高杜花二元杂交育肥猪中后期对粗蛋白质的表观消化率,但对钙和磷的吸收具有降低的趋势。额外添加发酵果渣能缩短杜花二元杂交育肥猪前期饲料通过消化道的时长(P0.05),但能不同程度延长中后期饲料通过消化道的时长(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,在杜花二元杂交育肥猪日粮中额外添加适量的发酵果渣能提高生长性能,降低料重比,且可一定程度上延长饲料在育肥中后期猪消化道内的停留时间,促进猪对日粮中粗蛋白质等营养物质的消化吸收。     

云南黑山羊育肥性能研究

为了测定云南黑山羊的育肥性能,选择了28只6月龄云南黑山羊,采用全舍饲育肥方式进行了90 d育肥试验。结果表明:育肥期内,云南黑山羊公羊日增重为257.78 g,母羊日增重为188.56 g;育肥期结束后,公母羊体重均能达到周岁体重;公羊料重比为5.87∶1,母羊料重比为7.27∶1;经济效益分析表明,云南黑山羊经过育肥,具有较好的经济效益。     

发酵饲料对猪生长性能的影响

本试验研究发酵饲料对生长育肥猪生长性能的影响。试验选择80头体重相近、日龄相近的"杜长大"育肥猪随机分成2个处理组,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组饲喂含有10%的发酵饲料(替代10%的基础日粮)试验周期为126d,其中预试验10d,正式试验期116d。结果显示:在育肥期,发酵饲料组的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),提高了7.59%;料重比显著低于对照组(P<0.05),降低了7.85%;对平均日采食量为产生显著影响(P>0.05)。在生长期和全期,发酵饲料未对平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比产生显著影响(P>0.05),但有提高平均日增重的趋势,降低料重比的趋势。     

3种圆环病毒疫苗对保育猪生产性能的影响

为评估圆环病毒疫苗对保育猪生产性能的影响,本试验选用3种商品化疫苗,免疫3周龄仔猪,试验结果表明3种疫苗免疫后保育猪成活率分别达到了97.5%、92.2%和96.1%;料肉比分别为1.35:1、1.44:1和1.41:1;日增重分别为A组日增重为418g,B组日增重为391g,C组日增重为400g,综合成活率、残次率、日增重、料肉比分析,3种疫苗对猪群生长性能改善以疫苗A效果最为显著。从经济效益上,A组比B组每头效益高37.48元;A组比C组每头效益高24.12元,性价比A疫苗"YZ株"最高。为规模化猪场预防PCV-2免疫接种提供参考依据。     

NCG对生长育肥猪生长性能及经济效益的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对生长育肥猪生长性能及年出栏十万头猪场经济效益的影响。试验选用健康的平均初始体重为(78±10)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交阉割公猪168头,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮+0kg/吨NCG(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5kg/吨NCG(0.05%NCG组)、基础日粮+1kg/吨NCG(0.1%NCG组)和基础日粮+1.5kg/吨NCG(0.15%NCG组),每个处理6个重复,每个重复7头猪。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加0.05%NCG组育肥猪净增重提高3.21 kg(P0.05),日增重增加80g(P0.05),料肉比降低0.21(P0.05);0.1%NCG组净增重提高4.28 kg(P0.05),日增重增加107 g(P0.05),料肉比降低0.33(P0.05);0.15%NCG组净增重提高3.12 kg(P0.05),日增重增加78 g(P0.05),料肉比降低0.24(P0.05);2)相比对照组,0.1%和0.15%NCG组的背膘厚和眼肌深度分别在数值上降低和升高,但均差异不显著(P0.05);3)日粮添加0.1%NCG每年能提高十万头猪场532.8万元的经济效益。综上所述,日粮添加NCG能有效提高生长育肥猪的生长性能,NCG添加量为0.1%时具有最高性价比。     

低蛋白日粮对生长猪及育肥猪的影响

选取初始体重为25kg的杜×大×长三元健康生长猪176头及初始体重为50kg的杜×大×长三元健康育肥猪144头。采用单因子设计,分为对照组和试验组;对照组中日粮按照NRC（1998）营养需要量推荐配制,试验组在NRC推荐的日粮粗蛋白质水平上降低4个百分点探讨低蛋白质日粮对生长猪和育肥猪生长性能的影响。结果表明：生长猪试验组日增重比对照组增加了46g,提高幅度为6．82％：料肉比比对照组低10．96％：增重成本节约0．89元／kg体重。育肥猪试验1组日增重较高．比对照组增加23g．提高幅度为3．09％。试验2组与对照组日增重相当;试验1组、试验2组料肉比分别比对照组降低1．15％和3．2％;试验1组、试验2组增重成本分别比对照组节约0．44元／kg体重和0．49元／kg体重;试验组瘦肉率与对照组相比没有显著差异。从各指标的趋势上看．试验组的生长表现和经济效益均优于对照组．     

广东小耳花猪生产性能与杂交效果的研究

广东小耳花猪是广东省饲养量最大的地方猪种之一,近年来,随着消费者对猪肉品质需求的不断提高,小耳花猪被广泛地作为母本与杜洛克、长白公猪进行经济杂交,用以提升猪肉品质。研究通过比较长白猪、广东小耳花猪、杜×长×小耳花、杜×长×大等生长性能、屠宰性能、繁殖性能等发现:广东小耳花猪肉质鲜美,但生长速度缓慢,日增重为260 g,瘦肉率为30.97%,其作为母本与杜洛克、长白猪进行经济杂交生产的杜×长×小耳花猪,肉质保留了母本皮薄肉嫩的特点,味道鲜美可口,日增重达到610 g,瘦肉率达到44.50%,是一种比较理想的经济杂交模式。     

功能性添加剂对杜×花育肥猪生长性能、养分表观消化率和胴体及肉质性状的影响

微量元素是动物机体必不可少的重要成分。研究利用酵母硒、蛋白锌、蛋白铁、蛋白铜等螯合物,对杜花二元杂育肥猪的生长性能、胴体及肉质性能和养分表观消化率进行研究,结果表明试验组和对照组在育肥猪生长性能、胴体及肉质性能指标上差异不显著(P0.05),但试验组具有日增重高、料重比低、肌内脂肪含量高、肉色评分高的优势;在养分表观消化率指标上,试验组的粗蛋白和钙的表观消化率显著高于对照组(P0.05),表现出促进消化吸收的作用。本研究建议,在杜花育肥猪的日粮结构中,利用微量元素螯合物替代无机形式微量元素,以提高微量元素的生物利用率和提高生长性能、降低环境污染。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.