牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(1型+2型)、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛副流感(3型)三联灭活疫苗(E2蛋白+C1株+HB01株)的研制与免疫效果评价

采用CHO细胞表达牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病病毒1型（BVDV1）E2蛋白,采用杆状病毒重组表达牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病病毒2型（BVDV2）E2蛋白,采用MDBK细胞微载体悬浮培养技术培养牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒（IBRV）和牛副流感病毒3型（BPIV3）,收获蛋白表达产物和细胞培养物,经纯化、灭活后与605佐剂混合,制备牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病(1型+2型)、牛传染性鼻气管炎、牛副流感(3型)三联灭活疫苗(E2蛋白+C1株+HB01株)。将疫苗免疫健康易感牛进行免疫效果评价,结果表明该产品免疫效果良好,免疫牛IBRV和BPIV3中和抗体效价均可达到1∶77以上;BVDV1和BVDV2 E2蛋白琼扩抗体效价均可达到1∶32以上;免疫牛攻毒保护率均可达到4/5以上。     

河南省牛病毒性腹泻病毒地方株的分离及鉴定

从河南省不同地区规模化肉牛场牛病毒性腹泻(BVD)疑似病例中采集病料,将处理好的6份病料接种MDBK细胞,并盲传4代,得到了两株可产生细胞病变的病毒,经测定该两株病毒的TCID50分别为10-6.59/0.1ml和10-6.51/0.1ml;琼脂扩散试验表明该两株病毒均能与牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)OregonC24标准阳性血清反应,出现沉淀线,且均能被BVDV标准阳性血清中和;电镜观察到圆形、有囊膜、直径为40～60nm、囊膜表面有突起的病毒粒子,与BVDV颗粒基本一致。动物回归试验表明,用两株分离毒攻毒的2头3月龄犊牛均出现了和BVD自然病例相似的临床症状,并检测其抗原和抗体,结果均为阳性,从而确定分离的两株病毒均为BVDV,分别将其命名为HN-1和HN-2株。     

牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗效力检验替代方法的研究

为筛选一种动物来源确定、个体差异较小、经济成本低的牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗效力检验方法,选择3个批次的牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗(Ⅰ型,NM01株)分别免疫牛、豚鼠,并在免疫后7d、14d、21d、28d、35d、42d采血,用微量血清中和法检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)中和抗体。通过比较牛与豚鼠免疫血清BVDV中和抗体效价,评价用豚鼠替代牛进行牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病灭活疫苗效力检验的可行性。结果表明,牛和豚鼠接种疫苗后BVDV抗体水平结果相关性较好,证明该替代方法可行。     

广西牛病毒性腹泻病毒GX4分离株全基因测序及序列分析

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)属于瘟病毒属,是养牛业中常见的病原体。通过MDBK细胞首次从广西分离获得1株牛源牛病毒性腹泻病毒,命名为GX4。设计引物对其全基因组进行扩增,获得其全基因序列,测序结果表明,GX4全基因组为12 218bp,编码3 898个氨基酸,GenBank登录号JN704144.1。对全基因序列进行分析,根据其5′-UTR,确定GX4属于BVDV-1b基因亚型;与BVDV其他参考毒株的比对发现,GX4与巴西分离株IBSP4ncp同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为94.4%,推导氨基酸同源性为96.2%,并且P125基因无外源序列插入,属于非细胞病变型。分子流行病学的结果,揭示了目前流行株的差异性,为该病的防控措施的制定提供参考。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒BVDV-JL株的分离与鉴定

本研究从吉林某牛场表现严重腹泻症状濒死牛的胸腺病料样品中分离一株病毒,该病毒在MDBK细胞中盲传4代无细胞病变产生,而通过RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光试验、微量血清中和试验检测表明该分离病毒株为牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV),并命名为BVDV-JL.将BVDV-JL株F4代细胞培养液(10<'7.13>TCID<,50>/...     

牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病病毒分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为分离鉴定新疆地区牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病病毒(BVDV)流行毒株,掌握该毒株的生物学特性,本试验在新疆北疆部分地区采集牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病(BVD/MD)疑似病例的粪便,通过RT-PCR检测、细胞分离培养、间接免疫荧光抗体检测、免疫电镜观察及血清中和试验5种方法对毒株进行分离和鉴定。对毒株的TCID₅₀测定后,再对毒株分别进行乙醚敏感性试验、氯仿敏感性试验、胰蛋白酶敏感性试验、酸碱度敏感性试验、温度敏感性试验及核酸分型试验等理化特性检测。经RT-PCR诊断,病料在286 bp处出现了目的片段。将RT-PCR诊断为阳性的粪便,接种于密度约为80%的单层MDBK细胞出现了细胞病变,盲传5代至出现典型的细胞病变。将F5代细胞培养物采用间接免疫荧光抗体检测,结果产生了与C₂₄V标准毒株相同的特异性黄绿色荧光。免疫电镜观察到了大量呈球形的BVDV粒子,大小20~40 nm。血清中和试验中抗体阳性血清处理组细胞均未出现细胞病变,病毒完全被抗体阳性血清中和。综合以上方法确定分离株为BVDV毒株。对分离株进行毒价和理化特性测定,该毒株TCID₅₀为10^-4.5/0.1 mL,对乙醚和氯仿敏感,对胰蛋白酶敏感,耐碱不耐酸,对温度敏感,经54 ℃ 1 h完全被灭活,属于RNA病毒。本试验成功分离到一株新疆BVDV流行毒株,掌握了该毒株的生物学特性,为今后该病的诊断和防控奠定了基础。     

一株源于商品胎牛血清的BVDV-2型的分离鉴定及基因组序列分析

牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）是引起牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病的重要病原,也是牛血清及其制品污染中的常见病原体。本研究从商品化胎牛血清中分离到一株致细胞病变（CP）型BVDV（GS2018株）,利用电镜观察、免疫荧光检测、分子鉴定、基因组测序及遗传进化分析对其进行鉴定。结果表明,GS2018株接种MDBK细胞后可见明显的细胞病变（CPE）,培养第4天病毒滴度达1×10^6.2·0.1 mL^-1。病毒粒子呈圆形,直径为50~60 nm,间接免疫荧光检测为阳性;其5'UTR扩增片段与BVDV-2相应序列高度相似,病毒基因组包含12 235个核苷酸（nt）。5'UTR、N^pro及E2基因系统进化分析发现,GS2018株与美国BVDV-2 USMARC-60764分离株核苷酸一致性达98%,证明其属于CP型BVDV-2a亚型。但GS2018株在NS2/3区无核酸片段插入,这与大多数CP型BVDV-2明显不同,说明BVDV致细胞病变可能涉及更复杂的机制。     

一株牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病毒株的分离与鉴定

从云南某牛场疑似BVDV感染的病料通过接种MDBK细胞分离到1株BVDV,为了解分离毒株的特性,进行了病原学和分子生物学研究。该分离毒株连传15代均不产生CPE,为NCP型BVDV。通过电镜检测可观察到直径为40~60 nm病毒粒子。该分离病毒能被牛病毒性腹泻标准阳性血清中和,且能被BVDV IFA荧光抗体识别;采用BVDV 5'-UTR基因特异性引物,经RTPCR可扩增出288 bp特异性片段。将该片段测序后与Gen Bank已发表的30株BVDV 5'-UTR序列进行同源性比较,同源性为68.7%~89.2%。与我国分离的BJ1202株(登陆号:KF925514.1)和Y2株(登陆号:KY964311.1)同源关系最近,均为89.2%。与2014年以来我国分离的BVDV毒株亲缘关系在88%左右。5'-UTR遗传进化分析证实该分离毒株为BVDV-1型。动物回归试验显示,该分离毒株可引起出现体温升高、腹泻、粘膜病等典型的BVD/MD症状。结果表明,分离的毒株为BVDV,命名为BVDV/W株。     

一株牛病毒性腹泻/黏膜病强毒株的分离与鉴定

从云南某牛场疑似BVDV感染的病料通过接种MDBK细胞分离到1株BVDV,将其命名为BVDV/W。该分离毒株连传15代均不产生CPE,为NCP型BVDV。通过电镜检测可观察到直径为 40～60nm病毒粒子。该分离病毒能被牛病毒性腹泻标准阳性血清中和,且能被BVDV IFA荧光抗体识别;针对常用作BVDV基因分型的5′-UTR设计特异性引物,经RT-PCR可扩增出288bp特异性片段。将所测的目的片段序列与中参考序列进行同源性比较,结果显示与293株和Y2株同源关系较近,分别为90.0%和89.9%,与2014年以来我国报道的分离株同源性在88%左右,具有一定的代表性。5′-UTR遗传进化分析证实该分离毒株为BVDV-1型。动物回归试验显示,该分离毒株可引起出现体温升高、腹泻、粘膜病等典型的BVD/MD症状,表明该毒株为1株BVD强毒株。     

鹿源基因2型牛病毒性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测研究

牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)属黄病毒科瘟病毒属,包括BVDV1和BVDV2 2种基因型,该病毒能引起牛、羊、鹿、猪等动物的感染.1983年,Doyle发现被调查的45种野生反刍动物有32种野生动物血清中和抗体阳性,鹿科动物的血清中和抗体阳性率达28%.     

胎牛血清中牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型毒株分离及脱脂奶粉中抗体的检测

本研究旨在对进口胎牛血清中的牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）进行分离及鉴定。利用BVDV抗原和抗体检测试剂盒检测,提取胎牛血清中的病毒RNA,用5'-UTR巢式PCR进行扩增,PCR扩增产物连接pMD19-T进行测序分析。胎牛血清样品接种MDBK细胞,进行细胞传代培养,通过细胞分离培养、直接免疫荧光抗体检测对实验室进口胎牛血清样品进行病毒分离及鉴定,应用DNAStar对BVDV 5'-UTR、N^pro与GenBank中公布的瘟病毒参考株进行多序列比对,采用Mega 6.0进行遗传进化分析。同时通过包被脱脂奶粉进行间接ELISA检测其中的BVDV抗体。结果显示,胎牛血清中BVDV抗原和抗体均为阳性,并且从胎牛血清中成功分离到一株新的牛源BVDV,命名为BVDV-GC株,该病毒株在MDBK细胞上进行增殖培养时未能引起细胞病变;5'-UTR与N^pro PCR扩增为阳性,扩增产物大小均与预期相符;直接免疫荧光检测荧光信号为阳性;病毒滴度为10^-3.6TCID₅₀/0.1 mL;遗传进化分析表明,该分离株与USMARC-60779（BVDV-2）株有较近的亲缘关系,同属于BVDV-2型毒株;通过包被脱脂奶粉和商品化的ELISA试剂盒进行检测,结果表明脱脂奶粉中存在BVDV抗体。本研究从进口胎牛血清中分离出1株BVDV-2型非致细胞病变病毒,从脱脂奶粉中检测到BVDV抗体,表明进口胎牛血清和脱脂奶粉中都存在BVDV抗原和抗体污染,本研究为后续试验分析提供参考。     

Natural infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus and its differential diagnosis from hog cholera.

Natural infection of pigs with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) through contact with infected cattle has caused problems in diagnosing hog cholera (HC). Low cross-reacting serum antibody titers against HC caused by BVDV infection were found in clinically normal pigs as well as those suspected of having HC. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from specimen tissues and initially identified as HC virus (HCV), using the fluorescent antibody cell culture technique. Additional cell cultures, as well as pig and calf trials, were necessary to identify it as BVDV. The isolate caused clinical signs of illness in the calves, whereas the pigs remained healthy. Bovine viral diarrhea virus may be detected in tissue sections or isolated in cell cultures and confirmed as HCV, using the HC fluorescent antibody conjugate. Laboratories performing the neutralization test for HC should use discretion when interpreting HC titers unless BVD titers are determined on the same serums.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒牦牛分离株E0基因的克隆表达

将青海牦牛牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)青海泽库(QHZK)株的E0基因亚克隆入原核表达载体pET-32(a),构建了重组表达载体pET-32(a)-E0,然后用重组质粒转化Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,并利用IPTG诱导蛋白表达。表达的蛋白用His-Band镍柱进行亲合层析纯化,Western blot鉴定表达蛋白。结果显示,E0基因可在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,表达产物的分子质量约为44ku,与预期的蛋白分子质量大小一致;Western blot分析表明,该蛋白可以与BVDV标准阳性血清产生特异性结合反应。     

Methods for detection and frequency of contamination of fetal calf serum with bovine viral diarrhea virus and antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Methods used by the National Animal Disease Center to test fetal calf serum for contamination with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and antibodies against BVDV are described. Using those methods, virus was isolated from 332 of 1,608 (20.6%) lots of raw fetal calf serum obtained specifically for the Center and 93 of 190 (49%) lots of commercially available fetal calf serum. Virus neutralization and immunoperoxidase staining tests were used to detect antibodies against BVDV in 224 of the 1,608 (13.9%) lots of raw fetal calf serum. Both BVDV and antibodies against BVDV were detected in 50 lots of raw serum. The molecular specificity of antibodies against BVDV was determined by radioimmunoprecipitation. Lots of fetal calf serum that contained BVDV-specific antibodies that did not neutralize virus were identified.     

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) 1b: predominant BVDV subtype in calves with respiratory disease

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infections was determined in 2 groups of stocker calves with acute respiratory disease. Both studies used calves assembled after purchase from auction markets by an order buyer and transported to feedyards, where they were held for approximately 30 d. In 1 study, the calves were mixed with fresh ranch calves from a single ranch. During the studies, at day 0 and at weekly intervals, blood was collected for viral antibody testing and virus isolation from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and nasal swabs were taken for virus isolation. Samples from sick calves were also collected. Serum was tested for antibodies to bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), BVDV1a, 1b, and 2, parainfluenza 3 virus (PI3V), and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV). The lungs from the calves that died during the studies were examined histopathologically, and viral and bacterial isolation was performed on lung homogenates. BVDV was isolated from calves in both studies; the predominant biotype was noncytopathic (NCP). Differential polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleic acid sequencing showed the predominant subtype to be BVDV1b in both studies. In 1999, NCP BVDV1b was detected in numerous samples over time from 1 persistently infected calf; the calf did not seroconvert to BVDV1a or BVDV2. In both studies, BVDV was isolated from the serum, PBLs, and nasal swabs of the calves, and in the 1999 study, it was isolated from lung tissue at necropsy. BVDV was demonstrated serologically and by virus isolation to be a contributing factor in respiratory disease. It was isolated more frequently from sick calves than healthy calves, by both pen and total number of calves. BVDV1a and BVDV2 seroconversions were related to sickness in selected pens and total number of calves. In the 1999 study, BVDV-infected calves were treated longer than noninfected calves (5.643 vs 4.639 d; P = 0.0902). There was a limited number of BVDV1a isolates and, with BVDV1b used in the virus neutralization test for antibodies in seroconverting calves' serum, BVDV1b titers were higher than BVDV1a titers. This study indicates that BVDV1 strains are involved in acute respiratory disease of calves with pneumonic Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida disease. The BVDV2 antibodies may be due to cross-reactions, as typing of the BVDV strains revealed BVDV1b or 1a but not BVDV2. The BVDV1b subtype has considerable implications, as, with 1 exception, all vaccines licensed in the United States contain BVDV1a, a strain with different antigenic properties. BVDV1b potentially could infect BVDV1a-vaccinated calves.     

Genetic comparison of ovine and bovine pestiviruses

Viral RNA oligonucleotide fingerprinting was used to compare genetic relationship among pestiviruses originating from ovine or bovine host species. Ovine pestiviruses, including reference border disease virus and 2 border disease isolates originating from natural pestivirus infections of sheep, appeared to have a more distant genetic relationship among themselves than with certain bovine pestiviruses. A closer genetic relatedness was evident between border disease virus and 3 noncytopathic bovine pestiviruses, including Draper bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a BVDV isolate that originated from aborted bovine fetuses, and a virus that was isolated from the serum of a calf that had a chronic BVDV infection. Four noncytopathic bovine viruses, including Draper BVDV and 3 field isolates, were closely related. Reference Oregon C24V BVDV, a cytopathic virus, was closely related to only 1 of the 7 noncytopathic viruses in this study.     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立及应用

根据GenBank中登录的牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,建立了检测BVDV的RT-PCR方法。通过对该方法的特异性、敏感性和重复性进行试验,结果显示,该方法可从BVDV标准毒株Oregon C24V中扩增出471 bp的特异性片段,而对猪瘟病毒、牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒、牛副流感病毒、MDBK正常细胞的扩增结果均为阴性。经对标准毒株的细胞毒进行检测,其敏感度达10^-1 TCID₅₀/mL。应用该方法对临床腹泻病牛各脏器样品进行检测,结果比病毒分离方法更为敏感,操作简便。表明建立的RT-PCR方法具有特异、灵敏、高效、快速的特点,可用于BVDV的临床检测及流行病学监测。     

猪瘟疫苗中牛病毒性腹泻病毒2型的检测

为对上海某猪场送检的一份猪瘟疫苗进行牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)检测,本研究将猪瘟疫苗样品接种于MDBK细胞,盲传15代后仍无致细胞病变效应,但间接免疫荧光试验表明接种该疫苗后的MDBK细胞能够被单克隆抗体BZ-53(BVDV-2)识别。采用BVDV-1和BVDV-2的5’-UTR的通用检测引物和针对BVDV E2的引物,对样品RNA进行RT-PCR检测,结果显示,样品能够扩增出约288 bp的BVDV特异性片段;此外,5’-UTR和E2基因片段的测序分析结果表明分离株属于BVDV-2,并且其E2基因与牛源XJ-04株(BVDV-2)的E2基因同源性最高(92.3%),而与猪源ZM-95株(BVDV-1)的E2基因同源性较低(64.5%)。由此证明,该猪瘟疫苗中的确污染有一株BVDV-2株。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒、大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌混合感染致犊牛腹泻的研究

为确定甘肃省临夏州某奶牛场犊牛腹泻的病因,并提供合适的治疗方案和防控措施,试验采集该牛场13头腹泻犊牛的粪便和血清,通过胶体金技术、ELISA方法、细菌分离鉴定、Kirby-Bauer法分别进行病毒病原学检测、病毒血清学抗体检测、病原菌鉴定和药物敏感性试验。病毒学检测结果显示,13份粪样中未检测出牛轮状病毒（BRV）、牛冠状病毒（BCV）的抗原,牛病毒性腹泻病毒（BVDV）抗原阳性率为23.08%（3/13）;未检出BRV和BCV的抗体,BVDV血清学抗体阳性率为38.46%（5/13）。病原菌检测结果显示,13份粪便样品中,分离出13株大肠杆菌和7株奇异变形杆菌。药敏试验表明,分离的大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌对20种常规药物均产生了不同程度的耐药,且无对两种细菌均有效的药物。此次犊牛腹泻是由BVDV、大肠杆菌、奇异变形杆菌混合感染引起的,且大肠杆菌和奇异变形杆菌的耐药现象严重,本试验结果为该牛场进一步治疗此次的犊牛腹泻病提供了合理有效的依据。