对棘球蚴病与棘球绦虫病诊断与检疫方法研究进展

棘球蚴病与棘球绦虫病是严重危害人类和动物健康的一类人兽共患寄生虫病,加强诊断与检疫是防控本类疾病的重要技术措施之一。棘球蚴病的诊断与检疫方法目前报道有:血清学检测及影像学方法;而应用于棘球绦虫病的方法主要有:虫体检查法、粪抗原免疫学诊断和粪源PCR方法。本文论述了各种方法的应用及其存在的不足。     

绵羊细粒棘球蚴全血金标渗滤检测方法的建立

为建立一种快速、高效的诊断家畜细粒棘球蚴病方法,提取绵羊细粒棘球蚴包囊新鲜囊液,盐析囊液抗原,点样于硝酸纤维膜,以胶体金-驴抗羊IgG和胶体金-兔抗鼠IgG为检测标记物,采用垂直流渗滤装置检测绵羊与人工感染细粒棘球蚴小鼠血清和全血特异性抗体。患病绵羊阳性血清及全血检出率在90.91%~94.4%,细粒棘球蚴感染小鼠血清及全血检出率均为100%;细粒棘球蚴阴性羊血清和全血假阳性率为4.00%~4.59%;与脑多头蚴病血清交叉反应率为28.57%(2/7)。研究结果表明细粒棘球蚴全血金标渗滤法(DIGFA)可应用于绵羊棘球蚴病的诊断与检疫。     

棘球蚴病免疫学研究进展

作者从棘球蚴感染动物机体引起宿主免疫反应的主要抗原,导致机体免疫反应和棘球蚴的免疫逃避等三方面对棘球蚴病的免疫研究进展进行了综述。     

青海省祁连县畜间包虫病流行病学调查报告

为掌握祁连县防治前后牛羊棘球蚴及家养犬棘球绦虫感染情况与人间包虫病感染情况,为更好地防治包虫病提供依据。采用随机抽查宰杀牛羊的肝脏、肺脏等内脏器官中棘球蚴包囊或囊肿,ELISA方法检测犬粪棘球绦虫抗原,剖检法检查家养犬棘球绦虫成虫,走访调查和采用B超及血清学诊断法进行人包虫病感染情况调查。结果为:牛棘球蚴感染率分别为5.7%、4.0%和3.27%;羊棘球蚴感染率分别为7.75%、5.36%和3.75%,均呈逐年下降趋势。未驱虫犬粪便抗原阳性率34.7%。驱虫后犬粪便抗原阳性率分别为28.9%和阳性率3.33%。剖检未驱虫犬感染率83.3%,驱虫后犬感染率0.0%。调查成年人3 0622人,检出包虫病阳性20人,调查儿童3507人,检出包虫病阳性29人。结果表明祁连县畜间包虫病呈一定的流行性,防治工作具有成效。     

棘球绦虫终末宿主粪样检测方法研究进展

犬科动物作为棘球绦虫的重要终末宿主,在棘球蚴病的传播和流行中扮演非常重要的角色。感染了棘球绦虫的犬科动物,其排出的粪便含有大量孕卵节片或虫卵,从而导致棘球蚴病的传播。因此,流行区终末宿主棘球绦虫感染情况的检测是棘球蚴病防控的重要环节之一,对该病的防控具有重要意义。近年来,传统的病原学检查技术逐渐被免疫学及分子生物学等技术替代,主要有粪抗原ELISA法和粪DNA检测法(PCR、实时荧光PCR、LAMP等)。论文对不同的粪抗原和粪DNA检测方法做一综述,为棘球绦虫终末宿主检测方法的选择提供参考。     

青海省部分地区人包虫病的流行调查

在棘球蚴病发病较高的青海环湖地区和青南部分地区,对204人用日本和新疆包虫病试剂盒进行普查。结果用新疆试剂共捡出4份可疑,份囊型棘球蚴阳性血清,份泡型棘球蚴阳性血清,阳性率为7.84%。日本试剂124共捡出8份囊型棘球蚴阳性血清,份泡型棘球蚴阳性血清,阳性率为5.88%。对部分血清学诊断阳性和B超扫描有4明显病变的患者进行了手术治疗。本次血清学调查结果显示,调查地区人包虫病的感染率仍然很高,由于生活环境的影响,包虫病的防治工作任重而道远。     

棘球蚴病疫苗研究进展

本文综述了棘球蚴病疫苗的研究进展。棘球蚴病基因工程重组抗原疫苗研究已取得突破性进展，实验室研究试验羊减囊率达到90％以上，田间试验减囊率在80％以上，在我国即将商品化应用。核酸疫苗由于安全有效、操作简单、价廉易得、便于贮存与运输、省时省力，具有极大的潜在应用价值。多肽疫苗由于不存在毒力返祖或灭活不完全的问题，是棘球蚴病疫苗未来发展的方向之一。     

细粒棘球蚴病诊断抗原研究进展

细粒棘球蚴病严重危害人畜健康,给畜牧业造成巨大经济损失。该病的早期诊断有很重要的意义。囊液抗原、原头节抗原和囊壁抗原等天然抗原是用于该病诊断的主要抗原,但存在敏感性差、特异性弱等缺点。近年来,人们合成了AgB、Ag5、EpC1、EgTPx等重组抗原,将其用于诊断,并获得了较高的敏感性和特异性。论文将用于诊断的天然抗原和重组抗原进行了综述。     

棘球蚴病免疫诊断的新进展

一、囊状棘球蚴病(CHD,细粒棘球绦虫) 20年前,当Capron及其同事(1967)用免疫电泳从免疫了细粒棘球蚴囊液的动物血清及感染棘球蚴的病人血清中描述了一条主要沟沉淀带时,他们为囊状棘球蚴病血清学诊断的特异性的“金标准”(Gold Standard)奠定了基础。这条沉淀带,作者们把它称为“弧5”,是生发层及原头节所分泌的一种热稳定脂蛋白抗原抗体应答的结果。这一抗原是迄今为止已鉴定的细粒棘球绦虫中绦期物质中最具免疫原性、最特异的组分(Schantz等,1986;Richard等,1986)。在许多不同地区对数千病例的检测表明,在滴人血清中证实“弧5”是感染细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫或伏氏棘球绦虫任一种的直接阳性证据。在Varela—Diaz等(1978)报道感染猪囊尾蚴的病人血清中亦发生“弧5”反应之前,还没有在未     

棘球蚴的SDS－PAGE银染分析

棘球蚴的ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ银染分析徐雪平，李兴江，薄新文陈志蓉，郑经鸿（新疆农垦科学院）棘球蚴病是一危害严重的人兽共患寄生虫病，在该病的免疫诊断中绵羊棘球蚴囊液是最常用的诊断抗原。但棘球蚴囊液成分复杂，在免疫诊断中有时与其它绦虫蚴发生免疫交叉反应。为此...     

牛、羊包虫病及其实验室诊断技术

包虫病(echinococcosis)是由寄生于终末宿主(犬、狼、狐狸等)小肠的棘球蚴感染中间宿主(牛、羊、猪、骆驼、人类等)而引起的一种严重的人兽共患寄生虫病。该病在临床表现上缺乏特异性,且多为隐性感染,病原体不易检出,严重危害牧区人民健康和畜牧业发展。对包虫病的病原学特点、流行病学特点、实验室检测和诊断技术作一介绍,以期为该病的预防控制和进一步研究提供参考。     

MODERN SURGICAL TREATMENT OF HUMAN HYDATIDOSIS

SUMMARY: Modern treatment of hydatid disease of man depends on confirmation of active disease by use of modern serological tests, accurate identification of anatomical sites followed by complete removal of the parasite without spillage, and sterilisation of the remaining cavity. To avoid spillage use of a hydatid cone is recommended.     

Comparison between immune responses and resistance induced in BALB/c mice vaccinated with RB51 and Rev. 1 vaccines and challenged with Brucella melitensis bv. 3

BALB/c mice were immunized with live rough Brucella abortus RB51 or smooth Brucella melitensis Rev. 1 vaccines and challenged with a B. melitensis field strain. Protection was assessed by a variety of serological tests and recovery of vaccinal and challenge strains by culture. Mice vaccinated with RB51 gave negative results in the conventional serological tests prior to challenge, namely; standard tube agglutination test (SAT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPAT), and mercaptoethanol test (MET). Sero-conversion took place to a whole-cell bacterial buffered RB51 antigen after vaccination and persisted for 7 weeks post-vaccination. Mice challenged with B. melitensis were assessed for bacterial load and immune response for 12 weeks after challenge. Protection units were showed that Rev. 1 vaccine was superior to RB51 vaccine in protection of mice against B. melitensis. However, RB51 vaccine has the advantage that it would not elicit antibodies to standard serological tests based on the LPS O antigen. RB51 vaccine could therefore be used for control of B. melitensis infection and avoid confusion in the use of standard sero-diagnostic tests.     

Antigen quantification as in vitro alternative for potency testing of inactivated viral poultry vaccines

Routine batch control of licensed inactivated viral vaccines for poultry usually includes a potency assay as a measure of vaccine efficacy. Potency assays often consist of vaccination-challenge experiments in the target species or in laboratory animals. Instead of measuring the protection of vaccinated animals against virulent pathogens, the serological response after vaccination can be quantified for some vaccines. In vitro antigen quantification assays would be attractive alternatives for the current potency assays because the time and costs involved could be greatly reduced and animal use could be avoided. Such in vitro assays will only be acceptable when the correlation between results and efficacy or potency has been demonstrated convincingly. The results of our studies on antigen quantification assays indicate that, in principle, quantification of viral antigens from inactivated oil-adjuvanted vaccines is feasible and reproducible using specially developed antigen capture ELISAs in combination with specific software for statistical analysis of the ELISA data. We have developed methods to quantify the haemagglutination-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the viral protein 3 (VP3) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and the spike-1 (S1) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Vaccination experiments with inactivated ND vaccines indicate that the in vitro quantified HN- or F-proteins of NDV are reliable indicators of the serological response after vaccination.     

A rapid agglutination assay for canine brucellosis using antigen coated beads

Brucella canis is the causative agent of canine brucellosis and facultative intracellular pathogen. The diagnosis of canine brucellosis is based on bacteriological examination and serological methods including agglutination and gel diffusion tests. In this study, crude antigens were extracted from B. canis using hot saline, coated on to latex beads and their usefulness in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis was examined. Mixing the antigen coated latex beads with the sera of dogs infected with B. canis produced clear agglutination, but this was not so for B. canis free dog sera. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the crude hot saline extracts, showed that they contained copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, ribose ABC transporter and hypothetical protein of Brucella as antigens. A serological survey of canine serum samples conducted by means of an agglutination test using the antigen coated latex beads, showed that this method was more specific than the tube agglutination test using whole bacterial cell antigens. Although these results suggest that our method in which crude hot saline extracted antigens are coated on to latex beads would be useful in the serological diagnosis of canine brucellosis, we need further investigation using more serum samples to confirm the usefulness of our method.     

Antigen quantification as in vitro alternative for potency testing of inactivated viral poultry vaccines

Abstract

Routine batch control of licensed inactivated viral vaccines for poultry usually includes a potency assay as a measure of vaccine efficacy. Potency assays often consist of vaccination‐challenge experiments in the target species or in laboratory animals. Instead of measuring the protection of vaccinated animals against virulent pathogens, the serological response after vaccination can be quantified for some vaccines. In vitro antigen quantification assays would be attractive alternatives for the current potency assays because the time and costs involved could be greatly reduced and animal use could be avoided. Such in vitro assays will only be acceptable when the correlation between results and efficacy or potency has been demonstrated convincingly.

The results of our studies on antigen quantification assays indicate that, in principle, quantification of viral antigens from inactivated oil‐adjuvanted vaccines is feasible and reproducible using specially developed antigen capture ELISAs in combination with specific software for statistical analysis of the ELISA data. We have developed methods to quantify the haemagglutination‐neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) proteins of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the viral protein 3 (VP3) of the infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), and the spike‐1 (S1) protein of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Vaccination experiments with inactivated ND vaccines indicate that the in vitro quantified HN‐ or F‐proteins of NDV are reliable indicators of the serological response after vaccination.     

抗原-抗体复合物疫苗研究进展

抗原-抗体复合物疫苗是由特异性高免血清按照恰当的比例与抗原混合而制成。免疫复合物疫苗能够增强抗原递呈细胞的递呈能力,能有效的提高机体的免疫能力。近年来国内外研究者做了大量的相关研究,在鸡新城疫和传染性法氏囊病等禽病的复合物疫苗研究中取得了一定成果,在乙型肝炎复合物疫苗研究中取得了突破性的进展,为病毒性疾病的防控开辟了一条新的途径。论文就免疫复合物疫苗研究方面的优点、作用机制及应用前景进行了综述。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒抗原表位研究进展

根据病毒表位与受体细胞结合部位的差异可分为B细胞抗原表位和T细胞抗原表位。对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的抗原表位的研究已有大量报道,论文根据PRRSV的基因组结构蛋白和非结构蛋白基因编码区特点,对鉴定的PRRSV相关抗原表位进行简要综述,为进一步开发PRRSV快速鉴别诊断方法和多表位疫苗奠定基础。     

Measurement of immunosuppression in chickens caused by infectious bursal disease vaccines using Brucella abortus strain 19.

The serological response of chicks to Brucella abortus strain 19 was monitored over a period of seven weeks to assess the degree of immunosuppression caused by vaccination at one day of age with two infectious bursal disease vaccines. One of the vacy. This vaccine caused severe immunosuppression judged by the minimal serological response following B abortus inoculation. The test also detected a significant delay caused by the other vaccine in the development of the serological response but the maximum titre was not significantly different from that in chicks which had received no infectious bursal disease vaccine.