犬巴贝斯虫病的诊治

2002年7月,广东省江门市某养犬户送来一只8个月龄体重40 kg的打斗犬到我站求诊。主诉:该犬前一段时间参加斗犬比赛活动,随后犬只出现体温升高,呼吸加快,行动无力,尿液带红色,粪便带有血液,食欲减少或不食,但饮水量增多等情况,怀疑是打斗后用力过度导致内伤。曾对该病犬用过多种抗菌素、退热药物和犬用多价抗病毒血清治疗均无效。根据临床症状和实验室诊断结果,诊断该病犬感染犬巴贝斯虫,经采取特效药物治疗和辅助疗法等综合措施后,患犬逐步康复。1临床症状患犬精神较差,行走困难,检查其身体皮肤表面有少量蜱类,触诊腹部有痛感,体温升高至41.…     

奶牛巴贝斯虫病的诊断与治疗

牛巴贝斯虫病是由巴贝斯属（Babesia）的多种寄生虫寄生于牛红细胞内所引起的血液原虫病。我国已报道的牛巴贝斯虫有3个种：双芽巴贝斯虫（B．bigemina）、牛巴贝斯虫（B．bovis）和卵形巴贝斯虫（B．ovata）。前2个种流行广泛,传播媒介为微小牛蜱和镰形扇头蜱,危害较大;后1个种只在河南局部地区发现,传播媒介为长角血蜱,危害较小。     

莫氏巴贝斯虫和羊巴贝斯虫在我国的分离及形态学观察

在甘肃省庆阳地区的发展及病愈的小尾寒羊血液中分离出２种巴贝斯虫并进行了形态学观察，初步证实该地区“坏肠子”病的病原为巴贝斯虫。一种小型虫体鉴定为羊巴贝斯虫，另一种为大型虫体，鉴定为莫氏巴贝斯虫，含羊巴贝斯虫的血液注射给除脾羊后，第１４ｄ血涂片中红细胞的染虫率达最高点（为０．５％），之后逐渐下降，感染羊自然耐过，含有混合虫种的血液注射给易感除脾羊后，红细胞染虫率迅速上升到３０．０％，感染后第６ｄ羊因     

南京地区犬巴贝斯虫病的诊断与治疗

4年来,笔者在宠物门诊工作过程中,通过对161例犬巴贝斯虫病的诊治与跟踪调查(治愈148只,死亡13只,治愈率达91.93%),总结出发病规律和治疗方案,发现本地区犬巴贝斯虫病主要是由吉氏巴贝斯虫和犬贝斯虫感染所致。其中由吉氏贝斯虫感染的病例为106例,由犬巴贝斯虫感染的病例为55例,未发现韦巴贝斯虫感染的病例。针对犬巴贝斯虫病的发病特点,提出了预防新措施。     

巴贝斯虫体外培养技术及其应用的研究进展

体外培养巴贝斯虫的工作起始于1978年，由Frp等采用悬浮培养（Suspensionculture，又称旋转培养SpinnerflaskmethodSFM）成功地进行了牛巴贝斯虫的体外培养，但培养中红细胞染虫率不高。1980年，Levy等仿照Trager（1976）培养恶性疟原虫的技术建立了微气静相培养技术（MicroaerophilousstationaryphasecultureMASP），实现了牛巴贝斯虫的体外连续培养并得到了理想的结果。之后，该方法被迅速应用于双芽巴贝斯虫、分歧巴贝斯虫、大巴贝斯虫、犬巴贝斯虫、隐藏巴贝斯虫、马巴贝斯虫等多种巴贝斯虫的体外培养均获成功。目前，该方法已被…     

一例马混合感染驽巴贝斯虫与马巴贝斯虫病及并发症的诊治

从外地新购的马，混合感染驽巴贝斯虫、马巴贝斯虫，由于早体代谢产物的刺激与渐进性贫血，而引发一系列并发症：心衰、肺水肿、出血性素质致肠驰缓。经实验室检查确诊后，用黄色素、贝尼尔驱杀致病体并采用补液、止血、通便、强心等一系列对症治疗措施及中兽医辩证治疗后，该病例救治成功。     

一例犬吉氏巴贝斯虫病的诊治

3岁雄性贵宾犬,体重3.20 kg,免疫完全,未绝育,从未进行过体内外驱虫,院内散养。主诉最近2周发现犬的精神状态渐差,进食量逐渐减少。为了对其进行诊治,采用体格检查、血液学检查以及影像学检查的方法进行诊断,并根据诊断结果进行治疗,结果表明,该犬感染吉氏巴贝斯虫且并发肝脏损伤,通过采取输血、驱虫等治疗措施,患犬的临床症状消失,镜检外周血虫体消失,治疗后未见复发。说明临床上可通过血液学检测对犬的吉氏巴贝斯虫感染进行确诊,且输血结合驱虫治疗可有效治疗该病。     

犬巴贝斯虫病的诊治

犬巴贝斯虫病是由犬巴贝斯虫(Babesia canis)、吉氏巴贝斯虫(B．gibsoni)和韦氏巴贝斯虫(B．vitalli)寄生于犬的红细胞内所引起的血源性原虫病。临床表现为发热、贫血、黄疸、血红蛋白尿，病程短，死亡率高。目前该病在国内广泛分布，有蜱滋生的地方，春、夏、秋季均可发病，近年有流行和暴发的趋势。家养宠物犬常由于到草地牵遛或爬山而感染。2003年8月17日，南京农业大学兽医院动物门诊收治了1例京巴公犬犬巴贝斯虫病。现将该病的诊疗情况报告如下。     

中国麋鹿种群发展现状及其研究进展

麋鹿(Elaphurus davidianus)是国家Ⅰ级重点保护动物,为中国特有种。由于人类的猎捕和环境的变迁,在1900年左右该种群在中国基本灭绝。麋鹿重引入是中国第一个重大物种重引入项目,目前已经建立了北京南海子麋鹿苑、江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区和湖北石首麋鹿国家级自然保护区,分别代表了中国麋鹿的人工圈养、半人工圈养和自然放养3种方式。作者从麋鹿的生物学特征、生境、种群、遗传繁殖、饲养管理及药用价值等方面进行了归纳分析,详细阐述了中国麋鹿种群发展现状及其研究方面取得的成果,为促进麋鹿种群的健康繁衍和保护提供理论依据。     

枯草芽孢杆菌作为药物和免疫原投递载体的研究进展

枯草芽孢杆菌属于革兰氏阳性菌,非致病菌,其芽孢是其一种休眠体,能抵御外界恶劣的环境条件。该菌细胞壁不含内毒素,具有单层细胞外膜,动物肠道中枯草芽孢能直接分泌蛋白质到胞外。枯草芽孢杆菌是一种存在于动物的肠道中的有益菌,参与维持肠道内环境的平衡与稳定,且可刺激机体释放分泌型免疫球蛋白,有利于肠道黏膜的局部免疫,进而增强机体免疫力。因其对体液免疫和细胞免疫的特性,其菌体成为当今制备黏膜免疫疫苗的一种理想的疫苗载体。枯草芽孢杆菌具有独特的优势,使其能作为便于推广的疫苗载体进行研究。文章主要对枯草芽孢杆菌的黏膜免疫机制及其作为疫苗载体研究和应用前景进行阐述。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病疫苗研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌病又称猪革拉泽氏病,副猪嗜血杆菌主要引起猪的多发性浆膜炎、纤维素性心包炎、关节炎和脑膜炎。目前预防该病主要是灭活疫苗,但不同血清型之间交叉保护性不强或无交叉保护作用。因此,发展新的广谱疫苗是未来的趋势。文章对副猪嗜血杆菌病的疫苗及其研究现状进行了分析综述。     

Babesiosis in dogs and cats--expanding parasitological and clinical spectra

Canine babesiosis caused by different Babesia species is a protozoal tick-borne disease with worldwide distribution and global significance. Historically, Babesia infection in dogs was identified based on the morphologic appearance of the parasite in the erythrocyte. All large forms of Babesia were designated Babesia canis, whereas all small forms of Babesia were considered to be Babesia gibsoni. However, the development of molecular methods has demonstrated that other Babesia species such as Babesia conradae, Babesia microti like piroplasm, Theileria spp. and a yet unnamed large form Babesia spp. infect dogs and cause distinct diseases. Babesia rossi, B. canis and Babesia vogeli previously considered as subspecies are identical morphologically but differ in the severity of clinical manifestations which they induce, their tick vectors, genetic characteristics, and geographic distributions, and are therefore currently considered separate species. The geographic distribution of the causative agent and thus the occurrence of babesiosis are largely dependent on the habitat of relevant tick vector species, with the exception of B. gibsoni where evidence for dog to dog transmission indicates that infection can be transmitted among fighting dog breeds independently of the limitations of vector tick infestation. Knowledge of the prevalence and clinicopathological aspects of Babesia species infecting dogs around the world is of epidemiologic and medical interest. Babesiosis in domestic cats is less common and has mostly been reported from South Africa where infection is mainly due to Babesia felis, a small Babesia that causes anemia and icterus. In addition, Babesia cati was reported from India and sporadic cases of B. canis infection in domestic cats have been reported in Europe, B. canis presentii in Israel and B. vogeli in Thailand. Babesiosis caused by large Babesia spp. is commonly treated with imidocarb dipropionate with good clinical response while small Babesia spp. are more resistant to anti-babesial therapy. Clinical and parasitological cure are often not achieved in the treatment of small Babesia species infections and clinical relapses are frequent. The spectrum of Babesia pathogens that infect dogs and cats is gradually being elucidated with the aid of molecular techniques and meticulous clinical investigation. Accurate detection and species recognition are important for the selection of the correct therapy and prediction of the course of disease.     

Evaluation of the in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of epoxomicin on Babesia parasites

Epoxomicin potently and irreversibly inhibits the catalytic activity of proteasomal subunits. Treatment of proliferating cells with epoxomicin results in cell death through accumulation of ubiquinated proteins. Thus, epoxomicin has been proposed as a potential anti-cancer drug. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of epoxomicin on the in vitro growth of bovine and equine Babesia parasites were evaluated. The inhibitory effect of epoxomicin on the in vivo growth of Babesia microti was also assessed. The in vitro growth of five Babesia species that were tested was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by nanomolar concentrations of epoxomicin (IC₅₀ values = 21.4 ± 0.2, 4 ± 0.1, 39.5 ± 0.1, 9.7 ± 0.3, and 21.1 ± 0.1 nM for Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina, Babesia ovata, Babesia caballi, and Babesia equi, respectively). Epoxomicin IC₅₀ values for Babesia parasites were low when compared with diminazene aceturate and tetracycline hydrochloride. Combinations of epoxomicin with diminazene aceturate synergistically potentiated its inhibitory effects in vitro on B. bovis, B. bigemina, and B. caballi. In B. microti-infected mice, epoxomicin caused significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of the growth of B. microti at the non-toxic doses of 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg BW relative to control groups. Therefore, epoxomicin might be used for treatment of babesiosis.     

Detection of Theileria and Babesia species in ticks collected from cattle

The present study was carried out to detect tick species that infest cattle, and Theileria and Babesia species transmitted by these ticks in Kayseri province (Turkey). A total of 300 cattle were examined for tick infestations. Of the 300 cattle, 117 (39%) were infested with ticks. A total of 1160 ticks belonging to 11 Ixodid genera were collected from the infested animals and their shelters. The most prevalent tick species was Boophilus annulatus 26.37% (306/1160) followed by Hyalomma marginatum marginatum 21.12% (245/1160) and Rhipicephalus turanicus 18.7% (217/1160). The collected ticks were separated into 43 tick pools, according to their species. These pools were examined for bovine Theileria and Babesia species (Theileria sp., Babesia sp., Theileria annulata, T. buffeli/orientalis, Babesia bigemina, B. bovis and B. divergens) by using the reverse line blotting method (RLB). Of the 43 tick pools examined, 6 (14%) were infected with B. bigemina, 4 (9.3%) with T. annulata, and 1 (2.3%) with Babesia sp., whereas 1 (2.3%) displayed mixed infection with T. annulata + B. bigemina. The sequence and phylogenetic analyses of Babesia sp., which could not be identified to the species level by RLB, were performed. In the phylogenetic tree, Babesia sp. (Kayseri 1) grouped with Babesia sp. (Kashi 2), Babesia sp. (Kashi 1), Babesia sp. (Xinjiang) and B. orientalis with 96.8-100% identity.     

Molecular detection of Theileria and Babesia infections in cattle

This study was carried out to determine the presence and distribution of tick-borne haemoprotozoan parasites (Theileria and Babesia) in apparently healthy cattle in the East Black Sea Region of Turkey. A total of 389 blood samples were collected from the animals of various ages in six provinces in the region. Prevalence of infection was determined by reverse line blot (RLB) assay. The hypervariable V4 region of the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified with a set of primers for members of the genera Theileria and Babesia. Amplified PCR products were hybridized onto a membrane to which generic- and species-specific oligonucleotide probes were covalently linked. RLB hybridization identified infection in 16.19% of the samples. Blood smears were also examined microscopically for Theileria and/or Babesia spp. and 5.14% were positive. All samples shown to be positive by microscopy also tested positive with RLB assay. Two Theileria (T. annulata and T. buffeli/orientalis) and three Babesia (B. bigemina, B. major and Babesia sp.) species or genotypes were identified in the region. Babesia sp. genotype shared 99% similarity with the previously reported sequences of Babesia sp. Kashi 1, Babesia sp. Kashi 2 and Babesia sp. Kayseri 1. The most frequently found species was T. buffeli/orientalis, present in 11.56% of the samples. T. annulata was identified in five samples (1.28%). Babesia infections were less frequently detected: B. bigemina was found in three samples (0.77%), B. major in two samples (0.51%) and Babesia sp. in five samples (1.28%). A single animal infected with T. buffeli/orientalis was also infected with B. bigemina.     

鱼源小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的耐药性研究

本试验采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法检测鱼源小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的四环素类耐药基因(tetA、tetC、tetM)、磺胺类耐药基因(sul1、sul2、sul3)和氨基糖苷类耐药基因(aph(3')-Ⅲa、aac(6')-Ⅰb、ant(3')-Ⅰa、aac(3)-Ⅱa),并采用κ-B法检测该菌对14种抗生素的耐药表型。结果表明,小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌8种耐药基因(tetC、tetM、sul1、sul2,aph(3')-Ⅱa、aac(6')-Ⅰb、ant(3')-Ⅰa、aac(3)-Ⅱa)被检测出,而tetA、sul3基因未被检测出。该菌株对复方新诺明、磺胺异恶唑、红霉素、利福平、洁霉素和头孢噻吩6种抗生素耐药,对氟哌酸、氟苯尼考和头孢曲松等8种抗生素敏感。这为治疗小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌引起的鱼病积累了资料。     

金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素等指标在发酵牛肉加工过程中变化规律的研究

作者对自然状态发酵牛肉、接种金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉和接种发酵剂(植物乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌)与金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素等指标在加工过程中的变化规律做了研究。研究结果表明,自然发酵牛肉中没有金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素;接种发酵剂和金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌先是上升然后快速下降,且金黄色葡萄球菌肠毒素为阴性;接种金黄色葡萄球菌的发酵牛肉中金黄色葡萄球菌及其肠毒素都显著高于接种发酵剂的发酵牛肉(P＜0.05)。由试验结果可知,发酵剂植物乳杆菌和戊糖片球菌对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑制作用。     

酵母CUP1基因的结构及其蛋白质鳌合金属离子功能的研究进展

酵母CUP1编码的蛋白质属于金属硫蛋白,该蛋白质富含半胱氨酸,大小为61个氨基酸,分子质量约为6165 u。CUP1蛋白能够鳌合金属铜离子,使得酵母对铜离子产生耐受力。在铜等金属离子的诱导下,酵母CUP1基因的启动子与转录因子ACE1等结合力增强,从而在转录水平上的表达量大大提高。作者对酵母CUP1基因的研究进行了综述,主要包括CUP1基因的结构、其蛋白质鳌合金属离子的作用、启动子相关的分析及CUP1基因特别是其启动子在转基因中的应用,为深入研究CUP1基因的生理机制奠定基础,同时也为其在转基因中的应用,特别是在转CUP1基因动、植物生产中的应用提供理论依据。