套种番茄对大棚基质栽培大蒜生长和产量的 影响

为了解大棚基质栽培的大蒜在单、套作条件下生长及产量的差异,设置番茄单作、番茄/大蒜
套作、大蒜单作3 个处理,测定大蒜生长量、产量及基质理化性质。结果表明：与番茄套作的大蒜形态指
标显著低于单作大蒜;套作显著降低了大蒜的鳞茎质量和总产量,同时显著提高了独头率和独头蒜产量。
番茄/大蒜套作土地当量比高达1.56,具有明显的套作优势。在及时摘除番茄老叶、精细管理的栽培措施下,
套作大蒜独头率高达58.1%。大蒜单、套作基质的氮、磷、钾含量均较高,蔗糖酶和脲酶活性、细菌和放
线菌数量也无显著差异,套作大蒜生长的限制条件是光照。     

‘改良蒜’抗紫斑病变异株系的离体筛选

以‘改良蒜’品种带蒜瓣基部的茎盘为外植体,在含有不同浓度大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素的MS培养基上采取分步筛选法筛选大蒜抗病变异系,并诱导形成小鳞茎;对小鳞茎繁殖的幼苗叶面喷施病菌粗毒素进行抗病性鉴定。结果表明,大蒜紫斑病菌粗毒素对‘改良蒜’愈伤组织的诱导有显著抑制作用,粗毒素浓度越高,抑制作用越强,抗病愈伤组织诱导的适宜病菌粗毒素浓度为30%;在粗毒素浓度10%、20%和30%的培养基上依次分步培养筛选获得了抗紫斑病变异系。粗毒素接种抗性鉴定表明,抗性系幼苗的抗病性比对照增强。     

抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒番茄新品种‘航杂 3 号’

 ‘航杂3 号’番茄是以引自荷兰品种‘9956’分离后代的高代自交系‘9956-3-2-1-1-1’经航天搭载诱变后选出的优良自交系‘HT1-1-3-2-5-3’为母本,以引自西班牙品种‘T00’高代自交系‘00-03-19’为父本,杂交育成的新品种。生长势强,无限生长类型,7 ~ 8 片真叶着生第一花序。果实圆形,单果质量136 g,成熟果大红色,耐贮运,商品性好。抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒,兼抗根结线虫病。中早熟,平均产量81.0 t · hm^-2,适宜保护地早春和秋延后栽培。     

高产大蒜新品种‘徐蒜 815’

 ‘徐蒜815’是从大蒜种质资源‘G-12-15’中进行混合选择出来的新品种。产量高,品质好, 商品性佳,适合露地栽培。蒜头皮色白色,横径6.46 cm,高4.45 cm,单蒜头鲜质量95.87 g,干蒜头产 量24 360 kg · hm^-2     

抗南方根结线虫番茄新品种‘金棚 M6’

 ‘金棚M6’番茄是以‘M6’为母本,‘13B’为父本杂交培育的无限生长类型一代杂种。植株生长势较强,叶片较稀。果实高圆形,幼果无绿肩。成熟果粉红色,无棱沟,着色均匀一致,光泽度好。果肉厚,果实硬度好,耐贮耐运,货架期长。高抗南方根结线虫,高抗番茄花叶病毒（ToMV）,中抗黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）,抗枯萎病和叶霉病。适宜日光温室、大棚等保护地春提早、越冬及秋冬春一大茬栽培。早熟,春提早种植前期产量可达52 500 kg · hm-2,春季栽培总产量一般为127 500 ~ 150 000 kg · hm-2。     

早熟春甘蓝新品种‘春喜’

早熟春甘蓝新品种‘春喜’,春季露地栽培从定植到收获约60 d;叶球圆球形,结球紧实,球色绿,耐裂球,品质优,单球质量1.13 kg,适宜中国长江流域及以南地区作早熟春甘蓝露地种植,也适宜在河北、山西、山东、云南等地种植。     

猕猴桃3 个品种果实耐冷性差异研究

 以猕猴桃早熟红肉品种‘红阳’、中熟黄肉品种‘华优’和晚熟绿肉品种‘徐香’的果实为 试材,研究其在0 ℃（RH 90% ~ 95%）低温贮藏过程中冷害发生情况及相关生理生化变化。结果表明： 不同品种耐冷性不同,中华猕猴桃‘红阳’和‘华优’耐冷性较弱且冷害表现早于美味猕猴桃‘徐香’。 贮藏后期‘红阳’和‘华优’冷害指数、冷害率、MDA 含量和LOX 活性显著高于‘徐香’,且乙烯释放 量及前期的呼吸速率也较高;而‘徐香’冷害程度较轻,整个贮期始终保持较高的POD 活性和较低的PPO 活性,好果率高且失重率低,贮藏效果好于‘红阳’和‘华优’,且‘华优’硬度下降较快。表明‘红阳’ 和‘华优’对低温的耐性弱于‘徐香’,这种耐冷性差异为今后选育耐冷性品种提供一定的依据。     

茄子新品种‘鄂茄4号’

‘鄂茄4号’是早熟长条形茄子自交系‘3早’和‘30庄新’配制的早熟茄子杂交一代新品种。果实长条形,果皮黑紫色有光泽,果肉白绿色,肉质柔嫩,纵径34.6 cm,横径3.7 cm,单果质量170 g,干物质含量8.45%,可溶性糖2.67%,蛋白质1.05%,产量70 000 kg · hm-2。耐低温和抗倒伏能力强,适合湖北、江苏、安徽及气候条件类似的地区春季露地栽培。     

不同套蒜期对番茄根际土壤微生物的影响

以番茄品种"劳斯特"和大蒜品种"苍山白皮蒜"为试材,采用随机区组排列设计方法,分别以单作大蒜作为对照(D1)、单作番茄作为处理1(D2)、番茄定植0d后套作大蒜作为处理2(B1)、番茄定植15d后套作大蒜作为处理3(B2)、番茄定植30d后套作大蒜作为处理4(B4),研究了不同套蒜时期对番茄根际土壤微生物的影响。结果表明:番茄不同套蒜期处理下根际土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、硝化细菌、氨化细菌和硫化细菌数量与D1和D2差异达极显著水平(P0.01)。细菌、放线菌、硝酸细菌、氨化细菌数量在整个处理期内均呈先升高后降低的趋势,细菌和放线菌数量在处理100d时达到最大值,其中B1、B2和B3处理较D1分别增加83.06%、63.75%、44.65%和52.46%、11.32%、29.50%;硝酸细菌和氨化细菌数量在处理70d时达到最大值,其中B1、B2和B3处理较D1分别增加132.51%、105.56%、74.50%和70.00%、50.36%、37.54%。真菌和硫化细菌在整个处理期内表现出逐渐升高的趋势,至处理第130天时达到最大值,其中处理B1、B2和B3较D1分别增加87.44%、67.98%、62.64%和154.34%、151.08%、148.53%。不同套蒜期对番茄根际微生物数量的影响存在差异,套蒜番茄根际微生物数量显著高于单作番茄和单作大蒜,以番茄定植后15d套蒜最有利于根际微生物数量的增加,有利于番茄根际土壤微环境的改善。     

抗番茄黄化曲叶病番茄新品种‘科大205’

‘科大205’番茄是以优良自交系‘TR068’为母本、以‘TR131’为父本杂交育成的抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒的硬果红果型新品种。无限生长类型,生长势强,叶色浓绿,叶量中等,8 ~ 9片真叶着生第一花序。果实近圆形,果面光滑,青果无绿肩,成熟果红色,单果质量200 ~ 220 g。果实硬度高,耐贮运,商品性好,品质优良。抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒,兼抗烟草花叶病毒、枯萎病和叶霉病。中熟,平均产量153.1 t · hm-2,适宜中国北方日光温室越冬茬和秋延后栽培。     

早熟金针菇新品种‘农金6号’

金针菇‘农金6 号’是以黄色品种‘三明一号’与白色品种‘金21’、‘金3’为亲本,采用三亲本杂交选育而来,具有菇形好,生育期短,产量高,易管理,适应性广的突出特点。     

观赏南瓜新品种‘鑫球’

 观赏南瓜‘鑫球’是由自交系‘38’和‘45’杂交选育而成的新品种。果实橙黄色,近圆 球形,直径9 ~ 10 cm,平均单瓜质量349 g。早熟、坐果力强,主、侧蔓均可结果,但以主蔓结果为主, 生育期100 ~ 115 d,适应性强,抗逆、抗病性强,适合用作盆栽及保护地和露地栽培。     

The use of consecutive micrografting improves micropropagation of cherimoya (Annona cherimola Mill.) cultivars

Clonal propagation of cherimoya via micropropagation is known to be problematic and its difficulty varies depending on the cultivar used. In order to improve the micropropagation process, the use of successive micrografting was applied to three cherimoya cultivars: ‘Fino de Jete’, ‘Bonita’ and ‘Pazicas’. Grafting nodal tissue onto a rootstock derived from ‘Fino de Jete’ juvenile material improved bud sprouting significantly in all tested cultivars. Rooting of sprouted shoots from non-grafted nodal tissue was extremely poor, however, shoots derived from explants after 1–3 consecutive micrografts displayed enhanced rooting. While ‘Fino de Jete’ and ‘Bonita’ shoots displayed 50% of rooting after two micrografts, Pazicas cultivar shoots required three micrografts to reach this percentage. Rooting was maximum after three micrografts, with 70%, 60% and 50% of rooting for ‘Fino de Jete’, ‘Bonita’ and ‘Pazicas’ shoots, respectively. Rooted plantlets were mycorrhized and acclimatized under greenhouse conditions and displayed a high rate of survival (90–100%) for all cultivars, indicating that the micrografting technique could also have an effect on the acclimation of plants.     

板栗早熟新品种‘京暑红’

 ：‘京暑红’是实生选育的板栗早熟新品种,在北京地区4 月中旬萌芽,6 月中旬盛花,8 月 22 日左右成熟,果实发育期约75 d。总苞呈椭圆形,每苞平均含坚果2.1 个,苞皮较薄,刺密,出实率 为41.2%。坚果红褐色,果面光滑美观,平均单粒质量8.2g,果肉含水量57.2%,灰分2.0%,脂肪4.5%, 蛋白质5.6%,总糖20.4%,淀粉38.2%,氨基酸1.5%。内果皮易剥离,果肉黄色,质地细糯,风味香甜。 嫁接后第3 年株产可达2.5 kg,在北京板栗产区为极早熟类型。适宜密植栽培,株距2 ~ 3 m,行距3 ~ 4 m。 授粉树配置以‘燕山红栗’、‘燕山早丰’为宜。     

番茄品种与砧木苗期耐盐性指标评价及耐盐品种筛选

为了筛选出耐盐的番茄品种和砧木品种,确定番茄幼苗的可适应盐浓度、筛选强度和可用于鉴别番茄苗期耐盐性的指标,试验以19 个番茄栽培品种和3 个砧木品种为试材,在苗期浇灌不同盐浓度的营养液,对幼苗生长等相关指标进行测定并进行相关分析。结果表明佳西娜（产地荷兰,樱桃番茄,红果）和瑰丽绝粉（产地甘肃,大果,粉果）为耐盐的番茄品种,番茄砧木406（产地山东,大果,红果）为耐盐的番茄砧木品种。在每隔2 d 1 次的灌溉强度下,番茄苗期可适应盐浓度为4 g·L^-1,筛选强度为8 g·L^-1。可以作为鉴别番茄幼苗耐盐性的指标为全株干质量、地上部干质量、根干质量、株高、茎粗、功能叶片数和壮苗指数,而根冠比则不可作为番茄幼苗耐盐性的鉴别指标。     

Fruit characteristics of fig cultivars and genotypes grown in Turkey

In this study, fruit quality characteristics of some cultivars and types of fig (Ficus carica L.) were determined in Dortyol, Hatay, Turkey, which has a Mediterranean climate. The main fig cultivars grown in Turkey (‘Sarilop’, ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Goklop’, ‘Yediveren’, ‘Yesilguz’, ‘Morguz’, ‘Sari Zeybek’, and ‘Ufak Yesil’) were evaluated along with 24 selections from a larger collection from the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Several pomological characteristics of the genotypes were determined on 5-year-old trees during the 2001 and 2002 growing season. Averaged over the 2 years, fruit weight ranged between 22 and 52 g, total soluble solids content (TSS) ranged between 20.1 and 27.4%, and acidity ranged between 0.09 and 0.26%. ‘Bursa Siyahi’, ‘Goklop’, 31-IN-17, 31-IN-11 and 31-IN-09 produced the largest fruits in terms of fruit weight and dimensions. 31-IN-01, 31-IN-02, ‘Yesilguz’, ‘Morguz’ and ‘Ufak Yesil’ had the highest TSS. ‘Yediveren’, ‘Goklop’, ‘Bursa Siyahi’ and 31-IN-16 scored the highest in overall quality according to the weighted ranked method. Based on the results obtained ‘Yediveren’, ‘Goklop’ and 31-IN-16 could be alternatives to ‘Bursa Siyahi’, currently the most favored fresh table fig cultivar. These alternatives appear to have potential for both local consumption and export markets. Our results also indicate extensive diversity among Turkish figs permitting marketing of a broad range of fresh fig traits.     

柑橘新品种‘粤农晚橘’

 柑橘新品种‘粤农晚橘’是从‘砂糖橘’芽变枝条中选育而成。生长健壮,果实扁球形, 单果质量39.9 g,果皮橙黄或橙色,果肉细嫩,多汁,甜酸可口,风味浓,果汁含可溶性固形物16.0% ~ 16.89%,总酸0.606% ~ 0.89%,总糖12.2% ~ 13.92%,维生素C 163 mg · L^-1,果实可食率70%,无核, 品质优良。成熟期比‘砂糖橘’晚2.5 ~ 3 个月。适宜在广东省‘砂糖橘’适栽区种植。     

紫色长茄新品种‘紫荣 7 号’

 ‘紫荣7 号’是以自交系cf-4-4-4-4 为母本,0031 为父本配组而成的紫色长茄杂交一代新品 种。果实长棒形,果皮光滑,紫红色,着色均匀,光泽好,果长30 ~ 34 cm,横径5.0 ~ 5.5 cm,果肉白 色,肉质紧实,商品综合性状极佳,坐果能力强,商品率高,耐贮运,耐青枯病,产量达75 000 kg · hm^-2。     

Study and prediction of quality changes in garlic cv. Perla (Allium sativum L.) stored at different temperatures

White and purple garlic is harvested in the Bajio region of Mexico from February to August and then stored at room temperature. A complete study of quality changes under different conditions and how these conditions interact to determine the shelf life of the product has been lacking, nor have objective parameters to predict shelf life been determined. Six batches of 360 bulbs of garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Perla were stored for 190 days at 0 °C, 0 °C and 70% relative humidity (RH), 5, 20, 30 °C, and at room temperature (RT) (17.7 ± 7 °C). The weight loss, subjective firmness of the bulbs, clove penetration resistance, hue value, internal sprouting index, soluble solids and dry matter content of the cloves were recorded periodically. The weight loss and internal sprouting index had a negative correlation on the subjective firmness, penetration resistance, and hue of the cloves. Storage at 5 °C, 20 °C, and RT induced sprouting, and subsequent growth had an effect on a loss of firmness and color. Complete sprouting (>100%) induced a weight loss of 9–11% at these temperatures. In order to maintain an adequate safety margin for marketing, we propose an internal sprouting index of 50% to determining the effective shelf life of garlic cv. ‘Perla’. In accordance with this criterion and in conditions studying, shelf life at 0 °C was 155 days; at 5 °C and RT it was 80 days; and at 20 °C it was 60 days. These results lead us to conclude that it is possible to estimate the shelf life of garlic using the internal sprouting index.