单宁对反刍动物机体功能调节作用的研究进展

长期以来,单宁一直被认为是一种抗营养因子,但是近期的研究发现,反刍动物日粮中适当含量的单宁对机体功能可起到调节作用,能够提高反刍动物的生产性能。文章就单宁的化学特性、在自然界中的含量分布、对反刍动物瘤胃内环境的调节作用、对疾病的防治作用和生产性能的促进等方面进行了综述,并对其发展研究进行了展望。     

植物单宁在反刍动物生产中的应用研究进展

单宁是植物体内重要的次生代谢产物,其极具活性,可与多糖、蛋白质以及金属离子等结合生成不溶于水的复合物,在反刍动物生产中具有特殊抗营养性.除此之外,单宁具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒及抗寄生虫等生物活性,并在反刍动物体内发挥重要的营养生理功能.综述单宁的结构、特性及其在反刍动物生产中的应用现状,为单宁的进一步研究及其在促...     

单宁对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物区系影响的研究进展

单宁是一类广泛存在于植物中的多酚化合物,因其涩味降低反刍动物采食量,故通常被归类为饲料中的抗营养因子。近年来,研究发现单宁可与蛋白质结合,抑制蛋白质被瘤胃过度降解,增加了蛋白质在后肠道的消化吸收,提高了反刍动物对氮元素（N）的利用率。此外,研究表明单宁在调控瘤胃发酵和抑制甲烷排放方面表现出积极作用。本文主要综述了单宁对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响,旨在为其应用于反刍动物健康养殖提供合理的理论参考依据。     

单宁对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵及微生物区系影响的研究进展

单宁是一类广泛存在于植物中的多酚化合物,因其涩味降低反刍动物采食量,故通常被归类为饲料中的抗营养因子。近年来,研究发现单宁可与蛋白质结合,抑制蛋白质被瘤胃过度降解,增加了蛋白质在后肠道的消化吸收,提高了反刍动物对氮元素(N)的利用率。此外,研究表明单宁在调控瘤胃发酵和抑制甲烷排放方面表现出积极作用。本文主要综述了单宁对反刍动物生产性能、瘤胃发酵和微生物区系的影响,旨在为其应用于反刍动物健康养殖提供合理的理论参考依据。     

单宁的生物活性及其在反刍动物生产中的应用

单宁作为植物源的天然物质,其抗菌、无残留、环保、不易使病原菌产生抗药性等特性,决定了其在动物饲料添加剂领域具有很高的研究和推广利用价值。本文主要对单宁的来源、分类、结构、性质、活性特点和在反刍动物生产中的应用进行综述,以期为更好的利用单宁类物质提供一定的理论参考。     

植物单宁调控乳酸菌特性的研究进展及其在生产中的应用

单宁是植物的一种次级代谢产物,能够结合蛋白质形成复合物,在微生物发酵中有特殊生理作用。目前国内外学者对单宁结构、生物学特性和抑菌作用进行了深入研究。本文系统阐述了植物单宁对乳酸菌生长特性的调控作用,包括植物单宁抑菌性、不同种类乳酸菌对植物单宁适应性和代谢途径等,并对单宁在反刍动物营养与饲草加工利用中的应用进行了展望。     

单宁对反刍动物营养代谢的影响

单宁是一类广泛分布于植物中的多酚类化合物，具有多种生理活性。本文主要对单宁的理化性质、单宁在植物尤其饲料作物中的分布以及单宁对反刍动物营养代谢的影响以及应用作一综述。     

单宁对反刍动物的影响及其含量测定

针对近30年来有关单宁在反刍动物营养作用方面的研究进展,从单宁的理化性质、单宁对反刍动物的影响作用、单宁在饲用植物中的含量及其影响单宁含量的因素和单宁测定方法4个方面作了比较全面的评述。     

单宁对反刍动物的营养作用

单宁是一类广泛分布于植物中的多酚类聚合物,是一类重要的抗营养因子。近年来,研究表明饲料中含有适量的单宁对反刍动物有一定的营养作用。本文旨在对单宁的抗营养作用、营养机制以及研究进展就行阐述,为动物生产中有效利用单宁提供理论参考。关键词单宁;反刍动物;抗营养作用;营养机制。     

饲用灌木中植物单宁对反刍动物的影响

简述饲用灌木的特性,单宁的分布以及理化性质,剖析了单宁的作用机理和生物活性以及测定方法,重点阐述单宁对反刍动物抗营养与营养作用。     

饲草中缩合单宁的研究进展

 饲料中高浓度的缩合单宁会降低动物对营养物质的消化利用率,影响自愿采食量,甚至损伤肠胃。适宜含量的缩合单宁,又能阻止臌胀病、肺水肿的发生,降低寄生虫病害的影响,改善肉质品味,提高动物的生产性能。论文概述了缩合单宁的营养作用、抗营养作用,影响饲草缩合单宁含量的因素,以及控制缩合单宁含量的方法,以便在实践中合理应用缩合单宁。     

Effects of tannins in animal nutrition

Tannins are watersoluble plant polyphenols that precipitate proteins. According to their chemical structure they can be divided into condensed tannins and hydrolysable tannins. Altogether, tannins are reported to have various physiological effects like anti-irritant, antisecretolytic, antiphlogistic, antimicrobial and antiparasitic effects. Phytotherapeutically tannin-containing plants are used to treat nonspecific diarrhoea, inflammations of mouth and throat and slightly injured skins. Studies with ruminants have also demonstrated that the denaturing properties of tannins can possibly be used to improve protein supply to the small intestine. Besides anthelmintic effects of condensed tannins have been observed in sheep and goats. On the other hand high tannin concentrations resulted in reduced animal performances and health disorders as well in ruminants as in monogastriers. Further scientific research is therefore needed to clarify whether tannins can be effectivly used in livestock feeding, for example in prophylaxis of diarrhoea or parasitic control.     

Effects of plants containing secondary compounds and plant oils on rumen fermentation and ecology

A number of experiments have been conducted to investigate effects of tropical plants containing condensed tannins and/or saponins present in tropical plants and some plant oils on rumen fermentation and ecology in ruminants. Based on both in vitro and in vivo trials, the results revealed important effects on rumen microorganisms and fermentation including methane production. Incorporation and/or supplementation of these plants containing secondary metabolites have potential for improving rumen ecology and subsequently productivity in ruminants.     

反刍动物小肽吸收与利用的研究进展

蛋白质在动物消化道内降解成游离氨基酸和肽类后被吸收。试验表明,反刍动物以肽吸收为主要形式。这一点与单胃动物以氨基酸吸收为主不同,原因是反刍动物存在肽的非肠系膜吸收系统。近年来,对寡肽(Oligo-Peptide,OP)特别是小肽(Small—Peptide,SP)在反刍动物蛋白质营养中的作用有了越来越多的研究。本文回顾了国内外的研究进展情况。     

Nutrition-parasite interaction.

The interactions between host nutrition and parasitism in ruminants are viewed within a framework that accounts for the allocation of scarce nutrient resources, such as energy and protein, between the various competing body functions of the host. These include functions that are the direct result of parasitism. Since it is proposed that the host gives priority to the reversal of the pathophysiological consequences of parasitism over other body functions, it is to be expected that improved nutrition will always lead to improved resilience. On the other hand, it is proposed that the function of growth, pregnancy and lactation are prioritised over the expression of immunity. Thus, improved nutrition may affect the degree of expression of immunity during these phases. The framework is useful at highlighting areas of future research on host/parasite/nutrition interactions. Its suggestions can account for the observations of the periparturient relaxation of immunity in reproducing females, as well as the reduction in worm burden in small ruminants supplemented with additional protein. Although developed for gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants, the concepts of the framework should be applicable to the interactions of nutrition in other parasitic diseases.     

Comparative aspects of plant tannins on digestive physiology,nutrition and microbial community changes in sheep and goats: A review

Comparative aspects of plant tannins on digestive physiology, nutrition and microbial community in sheep and goats are discussed in the context of differences due to feed intake, digestibility, utilization of nutrients and microbial community. The purpose of this review was to present an overview of the potential benefits of tannin‐containing diets for sheep and goats and specie differences in their response to tannins. It is well established that moderate level of tannins in the diet (3%–4% tannins DM) can precipitate with soluble proteins and increase protein supply to the sheep, but comparative aspects of tannin‐containing diets in sheep and goats on animal performance, digestive physiology, rumen microbial changes and potential benefits to sustainable animal production by those compounds have received little attention. In addition, developing plant‐based tannin‐containing diets for control of rumen microbiota and rumen fermentation (e.g., methane gas) would be expected to have a greater impact on the ruminant health, productivity and emission of greenhouse gasses. The positive impacts of the plant tannin compounds mainly depend on their influence on the gut microbiome diversity and ability to generate fermentation end products (short‐chain fatty acids) that have diverse biological roles. Diets which contain optimal levels of tannins have potential benefits for sustainability of small ruminant production systems. However, there is a need for an improved understanding of the utilization of tannin‐containing forages to improve their management. This implies investigations of animal responses to tannin‐containing forages or browse species and, in particular, a better understanding of the interactions that can arise between sheep and goats on digestion, DMD, rumen fermentation and microbial community changes. This knowledge could help to improve current feeding systems in terms of efficiency of feed use and environmental impacts (reduce methane gas production) and thus contribute to the development of a sustainable sheep and goat production.     

日粮蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育影响的研究进展

幼龄阶段是反刍动物生长中非常重要的阶段,这一时期的营养供应、生长发育状况和瘤胃发育程度决定了其成年后的生产性能和繁殖效率。由于幼龄阶段消化代谢系统发育不完善且具有极强的可塑性,此阶段日粮的营养水平,尤其是蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维（NDF）水平,在反刍动物发育过程中发挥着非常重要的作用。在生产实践中,营养供给不足或超量供给都会影响幼畜的生长发育及健康状况,这种情况甚至会伴随其一生。而幼龄反刍动物日粮中蛋白质和纤维水平对生长性能和胃肠道发育的调节具有决定性的作用。适量提高日粮中蛋白质水平,可提高幼龄反刍动物的生长发育程度,并由于饲料中瘤胃微生物可利用氮浓度的提高而提高了营养物质消化率和瘤胃的发育。在保证精饲料充足的情况下,提高日粮中NDF水平可提高幼龄反刍动物开食料的采食量,提高生长性能和促进瘤胃发育,同时也伴随着营养物质消化率的提高。但由于试验动物或原料来源不同,在相关试验中仍存在不同的试验结果。为此,作者针对日粮中不同蛋白质和NDF水平对幼龄反刍动物生长发育、营养物质消化率和瘤胃发育的影响,以及出现不同试验结果的原因进行总结和探讨,以期为解决幼龄反刍动物的饲养管理问题、提高其饲养效率提供理论依据。     

反刍动物小肽的生理特征与营养研究进展

小肽是动物降解蛋白质过程中产生的中间产物,蛋白质在动物消化道内降解成游离氨基酸和小肽后被吸收。大量试验结果表明,反刍动物以肽吸收为主要形式,并且其在氨基酸消化、吸收和降解中起着重要作用。作者对小肽生理特征及营养等方面的研究现状进行了综述。     

饲料中抗营养因子--单宁的含量分析方法

针对近年来单宁在动物营养上的最新研究成果,本文重点阐述了饲料中缩合单宁、可水解单宁和总酚类化合物的分析方法。旨在为更好地利用含单宁饲料提供参考。