绵羊溶血性巴氏杆菌病一例

1956年作者曾遇见绵羊肺炎一例,经过病原菌分离、形态、染色、培养特性、生化特性及动物接种等试验,初步诊断为由溶血性巴氏杆菌引起的绵羊肺炎。本文报告初步鉴定经过及结果,证明国内不但有牛溶血性巴氏杆菌病,且有绵羊溶血性巴氏杆菌病。病状及病变患羊六岁,雌性,蒙古羊,所在羊群有羊千余只,一向都很平安。某日早晨放牧时,发现这母羊卧地不起,精神萎顿,头颈平置于地,     

奶牛溶血性巴氏杆菌病的中西医诊治

1病因溶血性巴氏杆菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,可能是上呼吸道中正常常在菌,但不似多杀性巴氏杆菌能经常从正常牛上呼吸道中分离出。溶血性巴氏杆菌的某些特征与其致病性有关。暴发溶血性巴氏杆菌肺炎的发病率和死亡率比多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的运输热高,当病毒,如牛鼻气管炎病毒或牛呼吸道合胞体病毒感染牛时,若再发生强毒性溶血性巴氏杆菌感染,死亡率可达30～50%。     

奶牛溶血性巴氏杆菌病的病因、诊断与中西医治疗

<正>奶牛巴氏杆菌病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的一种败血性传染病。病的特征主要是急性败血症和组织器官的出血性炎症,故称牛出血性败血病。各种畜禽均可发病,该病常年都可发生,尤其是秋末、春初,一般为散发或小范围内暴发性流行。1病因溶血性巴氏杆菌为革兰氏阴性杆菌,可能是上呼吸道中正常常在菌。溶血性巴氏杆菌的一些特征与其致病性有关。溶血性巴氏杆菌作为"运输热肺炎"的病原可经常从船运、转移展览牛、新购进的后     

山羊巴氏杆菌病的诊治

猪、牛、禽巴氏杆菌病主要由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起,羊由溶血性巴氏杆菌引起.本病多发生于绵羊,其次为山羊.     

牛巴氏杆菌病的诊断和治疗

牛的巴氏杆菌病又称为牛出血性败血症,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌(也有溶血性巴氏杆菌)引起的急性传染病。该病多为散发,其致病菌存在于病畜全身的各组织、体液、分泌物及排泄物中,经消化道和呼吸道感染。寒冷、闷热、潮湿、拥挤、通风不良、疲劳运输、饲料突变和营养缺乏等不良刺激,是导致牛巴氏杆菌病发生的主要因素。本文探讨了牛巴氏杆菌病的病因、诊断和治疗方法,根据发病的实际情况采取相应的措施进行治疗,做好预防工作。     

一起藏绵羊溶血性曼氏杆菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染的实验室诊断

为查明2021年四川省甘孜州某藏绵羊养殖场呼吸道疾病的发病病因,本研究采用PCR方法对送检的5份深部鼻腔棉拭子进行了“山羊副流感病毒3型、牛病毒性腹泻-黏膜病病毒、牛冠状病毒、多杀性巴氏杆菌、溶血性曼氏杆菌、绵羊肺炎支原体、丝状支原体簇成员”等常见呼吸道病原的检测。结果显示：多杀性巴氏杆菌和溶血性曼氏杆菌为阳性,其他病原为阴性;通过细菌分离培养成功获得5株溶血性曼氏杆菌和5株多杀性巴氏杆菌;分型结果显示5株溶血性曼氏杆菌为A2型,5株多杀性巴氏杆菌为D型。结合临床症状,确诊该场藏绵羊的呼吸道疾病是由A2型溶血性曼氏杆菌和D型多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染所致。     

牛源马巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定

为了解引起牛肺炎的主要病原,试验从患有肺炎的牛支气管中分离获得一株巴氏杆菌,并对其进行生化鉴定、16S rRNA测序、特异性PCR鉴定及药敏试验。结果表明:分离菌株与马巴氏杆菌(Pasteurella caballi)的生化特性一致;16S rRNA序列与Pasteurella caballi参考菌株ATCC49197的同源性为100%;特异性PCR鉴定为Pasteurella caballi;分离菌株对诺氟沙星、头孢噻吩、四环素等多种抗生素敏感。说明分离菌株为Pasteurella caballi,该细菌同样可以感染牛。     

一起牛感染支原体与多杀性巴氏杆菌的诊断与治疗

2022年5月甘肃省某肉牛养殖场的部分犊牛,先后出现以咳嗽、呼吸急促、流鼻涕等为主的呼吸道症状,并陆续出现牛只死亡的情况,现场调查及临床检查后初步怀疑为细菌性病原感染。为进一步确诊病原并对症治疗,现场采集症状明显牛只的鼻拭子,同时对病死牛只进行解剖观察,无菌采集肺组织进行实验室病原检测。使用TaqMan探针荧光定量PCR进行3种(牛支原体、牛多杀性巴氏杆菌及牛溶血性曼氏杆菌)牛呼吸道疾病病原核酸检测。结果显示,病死牛只肺脏病变较为明显,肺尖实质化严重,上端有脂肪样颗粒状病灶;鼻拭子及肺组织呈牛支原体和多杀性巴氏杆菌核酸阳性。结果表明,该牛场本次发病是由于感染了牛支原体和牛多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的。通过采取隔离治疗、紧急免疫、严格消杀等综合性防控措施后,该牛场病情逐步好转并恢复正常生产。     

牛巴氏杆菌病的综合防治

牛巴氏杆菌病是由多杀性巴氏杆菌(也有溶血性巴氏杆菌)引起的，以败血症和组织器官的出血性炎症为特征的急性传染病，故又称牛出血性败血症。病牛常发生头颈、咽喉及胸部炎性水肿，民间将此病称为“牛肿脖子”、“牛响脖子”、“锁口癀”等。牛巴氏杆菌病是常见的一种牛病，一年四季都可发病，多见于秋末、春初，一般为散发或小范围爆发性流行。但是，本病多数为急性经过，若不能及时采取防治措施，     

牦牛巴氏杆菌病的诊治

牛巴氏杆菌病也称牛出败,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌(也有溶血性巴氏杆菌)引起的急性传染病,多为散发.该致病菌存在于病畜的全身各组织、体液、分泌物及排泄物中,经消化道和呼吸道感染.当寒冷、闷热、潮湿、拥挤、通风不良、疲劳运输、饲料突变、营养缺乏等时,可引起牛发生本病.     

The immunohistochemical detection of Mycoplasma bovis and bovine viral diarrhea virus in tissues of feedlot cattle with chronic, unresponsive respiratory disease and/or arthritis.

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of selected pathogens in the tissues of a group of feedlot cattle with chronic disease (most often respiratory disease and/or arthritis). Samples of lung and joint tissues from 49 feedlot animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy were tested by immunohistochemical staining for the antigens of Mycoplasma bovis, Haemophilus somnus, Pasteurella (Mannheimia) hemolytica, and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Mycoplasma bovis was demonstrated in over 80% of cases, including in 45% of joints and 71% of lungs tested. Mycoplasma bovis was the only bacterial pathogen identified in the joints. Haemophilus somnus and Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica were found in 14% and 23% of cases, respectively, and were confined to the lungs in all instances. Infection with BVDV was demonstrated in over 40% of cases. Mycoplasma bovis and BVDV were the most common pathogens persisting in the tissues of these animals that had failed to respond to antibiotic therapy.     

Investigation of factors of probable significance in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis in cattle.

Six groups of ten beef calves six to eight months of age were shipped from western Canada and observed untreated for one week after arrival. The following parameters were measured daily: body temperature, plasma fibrinogen, nasal bacterial mean colony counts of Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida, total and differential leukoyte counts, packed cell volumes and the following, twice during the week: serum and nasal antibody titres to P. hemolytica and parainfluenza-3 virus. The lungs from 44 of the calves were obtained at post mortem and given a numerical score based on the degree of pneumonia present. Animals were designated SICK and WELL according to body temperature and plasma fibrinogen. The SICK animals had higher nasal mean colony counts of P. hemolytica than the WELL animals. The SICK animals had lower levels of serum antibody to P. hemolytica than the WELL on day 1 but had a greater rise in titre over the week than did the WELL animals. Both groups were similar with regard to serum antibody to parainfluenza-3 virus and there was little change in these titres. The SICK animals had a much greater degree of pneumonia than the WELL. The values of some of the parameters were combined with the data of previously studied animals in order to provide a comparison of SICK and WELL with larger numbers of animals.     

The pulmonary clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica in calves infected with bovine parainfluenza-3 virus.

The purpose of this study was to determine if parainfluenza-3 virus in calves interfered with normal pulmonary bacterial clearance. Three groups (A, B and C) of four calves each were exposed to an aerosol of parainfluenza-3 virus. Three days later the four hour pulmonary clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica was determined on the first group (A), seven days later on the second (B) and 11 days later on the third (C). Group A had a mean pulmonary bacterial retention of 3.6 +/- 3.5%. Group B was 83.1 +/- 35.9% and Group C was 41.2 +/- 30.9%. The results demonstrate that parainfluenza-3 virus interfered with the pulmonary bacterial clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica particularly on day 7 and also on day 11 but not on day 3. This inhibition of pulmonary clearance caused by the virus may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis. Histological examination of the lungs did not demonstrate a correlation between pulmonary retention of bacteria and the development of pathological changes.     

Mycoplasma agalactiae subsp. bovis in pneumonia and arthritis of the bovine.

The pneumonic lungs of 42 cattle from 26 feedlots were examined for the presence of mycoplasma, pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Four animals representative of two lots failed to yield mycoplasma. One of these yielded the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and Pasteurella hemolytica, the other yielded only P. P. multocida. Nine animals in eight lots yielded Mycoplasma sp.: five of these were M. bovirhinis, two were M. arginini and two were untypable. All of these animals yielded one or more of P. hemolytica, P. multiocida, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or bovine virus diarrhea virus. Twenty-five of 29 animals in 16 lots yieled M. agalactiae subsp. bovis from lung tissues. The same organism was recovered from the arthritic joints of 12 of these animals. Eight of the 25 animals yielded no other pathogen and all of these had not received any treatment. Nine of the 25 M. agalactiae subsp. bovis positive animals also yielded one or more of P. hemolytica, P. multocida, Corynebacterium pyogenes or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Bacteriological and virological studies were not completed for the remaining eight of the 25 positive animals. In five lots of cattle which had not received medication for pneumonia and for arthritis only M. agalactiae subsp. bovis was recovered. Twenty-five grossly normal lungs obtained from normal cattle at the time of slaughter were cultured and all were negative. The possible role of M. agalactiae subsp. bovis in pneumonia and arthritis was discussed.     

Presence of bacterial glycocalyx and fimbriae on Pasteurella haemolytica in feedlot cattle with pneumonic pasteurellosis.

This investigation was conducted to determine if Pasteurella haemolytica within feedlot cattle affected by pneumonic pasteurellosis express fimbriae (pili) and bacterial glycocalyx. Bacteriological culture of pulmonary tissue from three calves with fibrinous pneumonia resulted in heavy growth of P. haemolytica. Transmission electron microscopy of the lungs showed numerous microcolonies of gram-negative bacteria with morphology typical of Pasteurella haemolytica. The cells within these microcolonies possessed bacterial glycocalyces which stained with ruthenium red. Glycocalyx-encased microcolonies were also present in specimens examined by scanning electron microscopy. Typical P. haemolytica cells were evident in a tracheal specimen and these bacteria had radial glycocalyces consistent with polysaccharide and proteinaceous material condensed on linear structures suggestive of fimbriae. The pathogenetic importance of the bacterial glycocalyx and fimbriae in shipping fever pneumonia has yet to be established but their presence in clinical cases of Pasteurella pneumonia in feedlot cattle further supports a possible role in the initiation and progression of this disease as well as bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents.     

Chronic obstructive mastitis in the camel. A clinicopathological study

Unilateral chronic mastitis in three she camels was due to obstruction of the teat canal by keratin. This lead to dilatation of the ducts, retention of milk and secondary bacterial infection. The teat canals and dilated ducts were lined by stratified squamous epithelium. There was excessive periductal fibrosis. Pasteurella hemolytica was isolated from one animal and Staphylococcus aureus from another. The fluid from the third animal was sterile. The condition was treated successfully by surgical amputation of the affected halves of the udder.     

Production of cattle immunotolerant to bovine viral diarrhea virus.

Inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into 58 to 125 day old fetuses of bovine virus diarrhea virus seropositive pregnant cows, or inoculation of bovine virus diarrhea virus into seronegative cows 42 to 114 days pregnant, may produce clinically normal calves which are persistently infected with the specific isolate of bovine virus diarrhea virus yet seronegative to the homologous and heterologous isolates. Reinoculation of these persistently infected cattle with their homologous isolate produced no neutralizing antibody response to bovine virus diarrhea virus. These persistently infected cattle were immunocompetent as they developed neutralizing serotiters to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3 viruses and agglutinating serotiters to Pasteurella hemolytica .     

Electron microscopic examination of cells of Pasteurella haemolytica-A1 in experimentally infected cattle.

Several modern electron microscopy techniques were used to examine Pasteurella haemolytica (biotype A, serotype 1) (strain B122) recovered from experimentally infected cattle and in situ within the lung tissue of experimentally infected cattle. Glycocalyx four to five times thicker than that seen on P. haemolytica grown in vitro was evident on bacterial cells recovered from live infected calves by pulmonary lavage. Fimbriae were also present on cells recovered by lavage. A thick glycocalyx was also seen on P. haemolytica-A1 within the lungs of experimentally infected cattle at necropsy. In summary, cells of P. haemolytica-A1 in experimentally infected cattle have fimbriae and glycocalyx on their cell surfaces and these structures appear to be important in bacterial colonization of the bovine respiratory tract and pathogenesis of shipping fever (Pasteurella) pneumonia.     

Recovery of Pasteurella hemolytica from aerosols at differing temperature and humidity.

A Pasteurella hemolytica suspension with fetal calf serum was aerosolized in a standard system with ambient temperature of 30 or 2 degrees C and relative humidity conditions of 90 or 60%. The number of organisms sprayed in five minutes and the number recovered from one third of the aerosol during these five minutes was determined. Recoveries were influenced by temperature difference between aerosol and collecting fluid. Recoveries ranged between 0.059--0.94%.     

Isolation of respiratory bovine coronavirus, other cytocidal viruses, and Pasteurella spp from cattle involved in two natural outbreaks of shipping fever

OBJECTIVE: To identify cytocidal viruses and Pasteurella spp that could be isolated from cattle involved in 2 natural outbreaks of shipping fever. ANIMALS: 105 and 120 castrated male 4- to 8-month-old feedlot cattle involved in 1997 and 1998 outbreaks, respectively. PROCEDURES: Nasal swab specimens and blood samples were collected, and cattle were vaccinated on arrival at an order-buyer barn from 4 local auction houses. Four days later, they were transported to a feedlot, and additional nasal swab specimens and blood samples were collected. Nasal swab specimens were submitted for virus isolation and bacterial culture; blood samples were submitted for measurement of respiratory bovine coronavirus (RBCV) hemagglutinin inhibition titers. RESULTS: 93 of 105 cattle and 106 of 120 cattle developed signs of respiratory tract disease during 1997 and 1998, respectively, and RBCV was isolated from 81 and 89 sick cattle, respectively, while at the order-buyer's barn or the day after arrival at the feedlot. During the 1997 outbreak, bovine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from 2 cattle at the order-buyer's barn and from 5 cattle 7 and 14 days after arrival at the feedlot, and parainfluenza virus 3 was isolated from 4 cattle 14 days after arrival at the feedlot. During the 1998 outbreak, bovine herpesvirus 1 was isolated from 2 cattle at the order-buyer's barn and on arrival at the feedlot and from 5 cattle 7 and 14 days after arrival at the feedlot, and parainfluenza virus 3 was isolated from 1 animal the day of, and from 18 cattle 7 and 14 days after, arrival at the feedlot. Pasteurella spp was cultured from 4 and 6 cattle at the order-buyer's barn and from 92 and 72 cattle on arrival at the feedlot during the 1997 and 1998 outbreaks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that RBCV may play a causative role in outbreaks of shipping fever in cattle. More than 80% of the sick cattle shed RBCV at the beginning of 2 outbreaks when the Pasteurella spp infection rate was low.