Cloning of cDNAs encoding multiple subtypes of feline interferon-alpha from the feline epitherial cell line

Mammalian interferon (IFN)-alpha consists of a 23-amino acid signal peptide and a 166-amino acid mature protein. Feline (Fe) IFN-alpha has an extra unique molecule consisting of a 171-amino acid mature protein with a 5-amino acid insertion. We cloned eight new subtypes of cDNA encoding FeIFN- alpha from a feline epithelial cell line. Among all the FeIFN-alpha subtypes, including six that have previously been reported, the variations were found to be far less than those of IFN-alphas of other animals.     

猪α-干扰素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其生物活性测定

利用基因工程技术,将编码梅山猪α-干扰素成熟蛋白基因(mPoIFNα,501 bp)亚克隆到含分泌信号肽序列的毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建成分泌型重组表达载体pPIC9K-mPoIFNα。用化学方法(LiCl)将线性化的mPoIFNα与ssDNA共转化入毕赤酵母菌株GS115,转化子经MD平板筛选和PCR鉴定后,得到的阳性菌株再以高浓度的G418筛选多拷贝重组子。该高拷贝菌株经1%甲醇连续诱导4 d,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-blot检测,结果表明在毕赤酵母中猪α-干扰素获得分泌型表达,表达产物约为20 000,在GS115中的表达量约为40mg/L,占GS115表达的可分泌型总蛋白的40.1%。对表达产物进行理化分析发现,重组酵母菌表达的蛋白耐酸(pH2),对热(56℃)部分敏感,并能被特异性抗猪α-干扰素抗体中和而不与抗猪γ-干扰素抗体反应。细胞病变抑制法(CPE50)测定干扰素生物活性,试验结果表明rPolIFNα具有较高的抗病毒生物活性,在MDBK中的抗VSV比活性为8.0×106U/mg。     

猪γ-干扰素基因的克隆 原核表达及抗病毒活性检测

干扰素(IFN)是一类具有抗病毒、抗肿瘤、激活淋巴细胞和免疫调节等多项功能的细胞因子,在机体免疫系统中发挥重要作用.猪γ-干扰素(γ-IFN)主要是由被激活的T细胞和NK细胞产生[1].     

Actinobacillus species and their role in animal disease

Actinobacillus species are Gram-negative bacteria responsible for several quite distinct disease conditions of animals. The natural habitat of the organisms is primarily the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity. A. lignieresii is the cause of actinomycosis (wooden tongue) in cattle: a sporadic, insidiously-developing granulomatous infection. In sharp contrast is A. pleuropneumoniae which is responsible for a rapidly spreading often fatal pneumonia, common among intensively reared pigs. Detailed investigation of this organism has provided a much clearer picture of the bacterial factors involved in causing disease. A. equuli similarly causes a potent septicaemia in the neonatal foal; growing apparently unrestricted once infection occurs. Other members of the genus induce characteristic pathogenesis in their preferred host, with one, A. actinomycetemcomitans, being a cause of human periodontal disease. This article reviews recent understanding of the taxonomy and bacteriology of the organisms, and the aetiology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of animal disease caused by Actinobacillus species.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌双型融合菌株的构建

以耐药标记的鸭疫里默氏杆菌TXRA1(Chlr,Erys)和大肠杆菌ZBO78(Eryr,Chls)作为亲本菌株,在DnaseⅠ始终存在的条件下,采用Lysozyme-EDTA法制备2菌株的原生质体,原生质体制备率分别达到了92.00%和91.94%,再生率分别达到了38.77%和37.29%。通过PEG法进行2菌株原生质体融合,成功获得31株具有双亲本耐药性(Chlr,Eryr)的融合菌株,并应用双重PCR方法对融合株的部分外膜蛋白A(ompA)基因进行扩增,其中有11株融合菌株能够表达2亲本的ompA基因,有20株仅表达亲本大肠杆菌的ompA基因。融合菌株的形态、染色特性和生化特性等介于2亲本菌株之间,连续传15代后融合菌株的上述性状仍能够稳定遗传。     

鸡舍空气中大肠杆菌测定和分离菌的致病力观察

20 0 0年 3～ 4月份 ,送我站化验室的鸡病料中大肠杆菌 ( E.coli)病例明显高于以往。这一季节 ,我县气温仍然较低 ,多数鸡舍为保温、通风条件较差。为了探讨空气中 E.coli的污染状况与鸡群发病关系 ,我们选择几个鸡群进行了鸡舍空气中 E.coli含量的测定 ,并选择了部分 E.coli分     

Expression in Escherichia coli and purification of the functional feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

Feline granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) with an N-terminal histidine hexamer tag was expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli. The G-CSF solubilized in 6 M guanidine solution was absorbed onto a Ni-NTA column and, after washing with decreasing concentrations of guanidine, eluted with imidazole in a soluble and apparently pure form. The activity of the recombinant feline G-CSF was 3×10⁶ U/mg protein, as assayed by its stimulatory effect on NFS-60 cell proliferation. When a low level of purified feline G-CSF was administered once a day for two successive days to cats, the number of neutrophil increased 4-fold while the levels of other blood cell types remained virtually unchanged. Daily administration of G-CSF for a total of 11 days led to a more than 10-fold increase in neutrophils, an 8-fold increase in the number of monocytes and 2-fold increase in lymphocytes. No severe side effects or antibody production was observed in cats after administration of G-CSF.     

大肠杆菌O78原生质体制备与再生的研究

以耐药标记的鸭大肠杆菌ZB078(Ery<'r>,Chl<'s>)为亲本茵株,在DNase Ⅰ始终存在的条件下,采用溶茵酶-EDTA法制备原生质体,然后在高渗琼脂平板上再生.通过优化溶菌酶-EDTA的工作浓度与作用时间、原生质体不同的处理方式和再生培养基中蔗糖浓度等条件.摸索出ZB078以0.2g/L溶菌酶作用20 rnjn后补加EDTA至终浓度为0.01 mmol/L继续作用16 min为最佳试验条件,并成功获得了91.94%的原生质体制备率和37.29%的再生率,为下一步进行融合试验提供了依据.     

聚合酶链反应扩地大肠杆菌志贺样毒素基因

两对寡核苷酸经物通过聚合酶链反应扩增大肠杆菌志贺样毒素Ⅰ（ＳＬＴⅠ）和志贺样毒素Ⅱ（ＳＬＴ Ⅱ）基因,在单一反应中,两对引物分别扩增出１３０ｂｐ（ＳＬＴⅠ）和３４６ｂｐ（ＳＬＴⅡ）的ＤＮＡ片段,扩增片段经地高辛标记寡核苷酸探针Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交分析,证实了ＳＬＴⅠ和ＳＬＴⅡ基因产物。     

In vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin against feline calicivirus, feline viral rhinotracheitis virus, and canine parainfluenza virus.

Ribavirin had marked in vitro activity against feline calcivirus, strain 255, and canine parainfluenza virus, but showed only slight antiviral effect on feline viral rhinotracheitis virus. Antiviral activity was manifested by partial to complete suppression of viral cytopathic effect and of viral replication, depending on concentration of ribavirin in the culture medium and dosage of viral inoculum. Concentrations of ribavirin as small as 3.2 microgram/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml showed some activity against feline calcivirus and canine parainfluenza virus, respectively.     

Expression of NOS and VEGF in feline mammary tumours and their correlation with angiogenesis

In order to define the role of nitric oxide (NO) in feline mammary tumours, the expression of endothelial or inducible nitric oxide synthase (e/iNOS) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and their relationship with angiogenesis, was investigated in 23 feline mammary tumours (two hyperplastic, 19 adenocarcinoma, one osteosarcoma and one squamous cell carcinoma) by immunohistochemistry. Tumour angiogenesis was assessed by CD31 immunostaining and was expressed as microvessel density (MVD). In general, iNOS immunoreactivity was localised in tumour cells and occasionally in stromal myofibroblasts, whereas eNOS and VEGF were localised in the cytoplasm of tumour epithelial cells and endothelium. In malignancy, expression of iNOS increased from well- to less-differentiated phenotypes (Grades 1-3) and was significantly higher in G3 and G2 when compared with G1 cases. However, increasing eNOS expression was limited only in hyperplastic lesions and showed no significant changes among the grades. In addition, expression of iNOS was positively correlated with VEGF and MVD in feline mammary tumours and both measures were significantly greater in less differentiated phenotypes (P<0.05). In conclusion, the expression of NOS isoforms in feline mammary tumours depended on tumour grade, and the positive correlations between iNOS and angiogenic markers suggests that iNOS synthesised by tumour cells promotes tumour growth. Thus, iNOS can be used as an important immunohistochemical marker to determine the degree of malignancy and prognosis of feline mammary carcinoma.     

In-vitro antiviral efficacy of ribavirin and interferon-alpha against canine distemper virus

Canine distemper is a highly contagious disease with high incidence and lethality in the canine population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antiviral action with ribavirin (RBV), interferon-alpha (IFNα), and combinations of RBV and IFNα against canine distemper virus (CDV). Vero cells inoculated with CDV were treated with RBV, IFNα, and combinations of these drugs. The efficacy to inhibit viral replication was evaluated by adding the compounds at different times to determine which step of the viral replicative process was affected. Both drugs were effective against CDV in vitro. The IFNα was the most active compound, with an average IC₅₀ (50% inhibitory concentration) value lower than the IC₅₀ of the RBV. Ribavirin (RBV) was more selective than IFNα, however, and neither drug showed extracellular antiviral activity. The combination of RBV and IFNα exhibited antiviral activity for the intra- and extracellular stages of the replicative cycle of CDV, although the intracellular viral inhibition was higher. Both RBV and IFNα showed high antiviral efficacy against CDV, and furthermore, RBV + IFNα combinations have shown greater interference range in viral infectivity. These compounds could potentially be used to treat clinical disease associated with CDV infection.     

雏鸡传染性法氏囊病与大肠杆菌混合感染的诊断

传染性法氏囊病 ,近几年来在新疆地区时有流行 ,我们对 1 998年上半年对新疆乌鲁木齐、昌吉市某些专业养鸡户发病雏鸡群进行了诊断。1　临诊症状　发病突然 ,发病率高 ,死亡集中地发生于很短的几天之内 ,有典型死亡高峰曲线图 ,病雏啄肛 ,肛门周围羽毛粘着白色稀粪 ,病雏排出灰白色或水样稀粪 ,厌食 ,口渴 ,精神沉郁 ,羽毛竖立 ,眼闭或半闭 ,发抖 ,驱赶不动 ,极度虚弱 ,最后衰竭死亡。病死率 2 0 %左右 ,如发生多种混合感染 ,病死率可达 90 %。2　病理变化　共剖检 2 0 0余只 ,主要病理变化见法氏囊显著肿大 ,浆膜水肿 ,呈黄色胶冻样 ,切面…     

鸡γ-干扰素在重组杆状病毒中的表达及抗病毒活性的测定

本研究构建了表达鸡-γ-干扰素（Chicken interferon-γ，ChIFN-γ）的重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIFN-γ。采用鼠抗ChIFN-γ免疫血清作为一抗进行间接免疫荧光（1FA）及间接ELISA检测，表明ChIFN-γ在重组杆状病毒rBac-ChIFN-γ感染的昆虫细胞中获得表达。细胞病变抑制法测定重组ChIFN-γ抗病毒活性试验显示，重组杆状病毒表达ChIFN-γ能有效抑制水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）在鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）上的复制。而且其抗病毒活性可以被鼠抗ChIFN-γ免疫血清阻断。试验结果表明，重组杆状病毒能良好表达ChIFN-γ，并具有高效抗病毒活性。     

应用复合引物扩增大肠杆菌肠毒素基因的研究

以两对合成的不同寡核苷酸引物通过聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）、扩增肠毒素大肠杆菌（ＥＴＥＣ）不耐热肠毒素（ＬＴ）和耐热肠毒素（ＳＴ）基因；两对引物从ＥＴＥＣＬＴ和ＳＴ基因中分别扩增出３１４ｂｐ，２３７ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段，均能与相应的ＬＴ和ＳＴ基因探针杂交。ＬＴ扩增产物（３１４ｂｐ）和ＳＴ扩增产物（２３７ｂｐ）分别和ＳｍａⅠ和ＨｉｎｃⅡ酶切后，产生１９０ｂｐ和１２４ｂｐ，１４７ｂｐ和９０ｂｐ的ＤＮＡ片段。同一扩增反应中应用ＬＴ和ＳＴ复合引物进行扩增，３种基因型ＬＴ、ＳＴ和ＬＴＳＴＥＴＥＣ从样品中鉴定出。１０９份动物腹泻粪样分别用ＰＣＲ，核酸杂交和ＥＬＩＳＡ进行测定，结果表明，ＰＣＲ是最为灵敏和快速的测定ＥＴＥＣ的方法。     

Effects of interferon-alpha on cytopathic changes and titers for feline herpesvirus-1 in primary cultures of feline corneal epithelial cells

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of interferon (IFN)-alpha on viability of feline corneal epithelial cells, replication of feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1, and virus-induced cytopathic changes. SAMPLE POPULATION: Healthy eyes from 10 recently euthanatized cats. PROCEDURE: 4 replicate primary cultures of feline corneal epithelial cells were grown after the addition of 10(2) to 10(6) IU of IFN-alpha/mL. Cultures were examined every 24 hours for evidence of cytotoxic changes. Viable cell counts and percentage of viable cells were determined 48 hours after initiation of culture. In a separate experiment, cultures of corneal cells were inoculated with FHV-1 and cultured for 72 hours with or without 10(5) IU of IFN-alpha/mL. The FHV-1-infected cultures were evaluated for viral-induced cytopathic effects, and viral titers were determined in samples of culture supernatant. RESULTS: Interferon-alpha did not have cytotoxic effects on corneal epithelial cells at concentrations ranging from 10(2) to 10(6) IU of IFN-alpha/mL. Interferon-alpha at a concentration of 10(5) IU/mL significantly reduced the cytopathic changes and FHV-1 titers. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Lack of in vitro cytotoxic effects and efficacy against FHV-1 infection in primary cultures of feline corneal cells suggests that the in vivo therapeutic effect of IFN-a should be assessed in controlled clinical trials.