4种同期发情处理对哈萨克羊繁殖性能的影响

采用4种同期发情方法处理哈萨克羊,比较发情和产羔性能,筛选出便捷有效的同期发情方法,提高羊繁殖率.568头成年哈萨克羊分为4组,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组阴道埋置海绵栓13 d,撤栓后分别肌肉注射100μgPG+350 IUeCG、350 IU eCG、100 μg PG,Ⅳ组阴道埋置CIDR栓13 d,撤栓后肌肉注射100μgP...     

不同激素影响山羊同期发情的效果试验

将80只经产绒山羊分成两组,每组40只,分别用孕激素、雌激素和阴道栓进行同期发情处理,其中A组取栓后注射PGF2a0.1mg/只;B组取栓前一天肌肉注射PMSG200IU/只,取栓后肌肉注射PGFa0.1mg/只。结果表明:A组同期发情率为52.5%,B组同期发情率为92.5%。两组对比,差异显著(P<0.05)。     

不同剂量PMSG对巴什拜羊同期发情的影响

为了探讨孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)在巴什拜羊同期发情中的最适使用剂量,试验选择3～4周岁健康无病的经产母羊240只,随机分成3组(Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组),在任意时期埋植阴道海绵栓,计为第0天,第12天撤栓,撤栓的同时肌肉注射PMSG,Ⅰ组400 IU、Ⅱ组450 IU、Ⅲ组500 IU,统计各组的发情时间、发情率、受胎率和产羔率。结果表明:PMSG的剂量不会影响巴什拜羊的发情时间,巴什拜羊的发情时间集中在24～48 h;Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的同期发情率分别为46.3%、60.0%、83.8%,且Ⅲ组的同期发情率显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P0.05),Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组之间差异不显著(P0.05),Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的情期受胎率差异均不显著(P0.05);随着PMSG剂量的增加,产羔率相应升高,但各组间差异不显著(P0.05)。说明随着PMSG剂量的增加巴什拜羊发情率和产羔率增加,肌肉注射500 IU的PMSG时,巴什拜羊的发情率和产羔率最高。     

舍饲条件下山羊同期发情研究

将舍饲条件下有发情表现的土杂母羊15只集中饲养并用海绵阴道栓(含黄体酮50 mg)处理15 d。将处理后的羊只分为3组,A组撤拴后不做任何处理,B组撤栓后注射PGF2α0.025 mg/只,C组撤拴后注射PGF2α0.05 mg/只,然后观察羊只的发情表现。结果A组在24-48 h内全部发情,同期发情率达100％,B组在48-96 h内有4只发情,同期发情率80％,C组有3只发情,同期发情率为60％。从取栓到发情的时间A、B和C组分别为38.4±7.7 h、87.2±20.1 h和81.2±28.9 h。     

两种阴道栓诱导非繁殖季节山羊同期发情试验研究

利用氯前列烯醇(PG)、孕酮阴道栓对山羊进行同期发情处理,0~72h同期发情率平均为88.0%,其中PGF2α组为88.9%,孕酮栓组为87.5%,PG组与孕酮栓组无显著差异(P>0.05);处理羊发情时间,PG组主要集中于注射后的24~48h,发情率为80.6%,孕酮栓组主要集中于撤栓后的0~48h,发情率为84.7%;孕酮栓处理方法对处于非繁殖季节和繁殖季节的羊均可获得很好的同期效果,而PG处理方法只对处于繁殖季节的羊有效。     

孕酮阴道栓法山羊同期发情及其影响因素的研究

试验将自然状态下2～4岁健壮、经产、空怀母羊346只分4组(A组84只、B组68只、C组134只、D组60只),用孕酮阴道栓处理10～14天进行同期发情,其中A组取栓后直接观察发情情况,B组、C组和D组取栓后分别注射FSH25 u、PGF2α0.05～0.1 mg和FSH25 u+PGF2α0.05 mg.处理后2～4天用试情公羊鉴定母羊发情情况,记录发情羊号、出现发情的时间和发情持续时间.发情结束后剖检部分山羊(A组7只,B组9只,C组15只,D组8只),检查卵巢黄体与卵泡发育以及排卵点情况.结果表明A组发情率为48.80%,在4组中最低(P＜0.01);B组和C组分别为75.00%和84.33%,差异不显著(P＞0.05);D组发情率最高,为96.67%,显著高于A组(P＜0.01)与B组(P＜0.05),与C组差异不明显(P＞0.05).A、C组从取栓到出现发情时间分别为50.34 h±18.24 h、45.77 h±17.53 h,显著晚于B组的30.18 h±15.25 h和D组的26.34 h±10.20 h(P＜0.01).4组发情持续的时间分别为34.54 h±12.06 h、36.71 h±10.84 h、37.38 h±12.18 h和36.41 h±10.87 h,没有显著差异(P＞0.05).A、B、C和D组中剖检山羊的85.71%、88.89%、80.00%和100.00%出现排卵点(或新生黄体).     

乏情季节诱导山羊同期发情的研究

通过对云阳县栖霞乡放牧 +舍饲条件下的经产母羊 3组 (A组 40只、B组 3 1只、C组 18只 )共 89只分别用孕激素阴道栓同期发情处理 10天 ,其中A组取栓后直接观察发情情况、B和C组取栓后分别注射PGF2α 0 0 5mg/只和 0 1mg/只。结果表明 :A组 2～ 4天内同期发情率为 42 5 0 % ;B组同期发情率为 67 74% ,48小时有羊只发情高峰 ;C组同期发情率为83 3 3 %。取栓至开始发情时间A组明显长于B组和C组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;平均发情持续时间短于B、C组 (P <0 0 1,P <0 0 5 ) ,B、C组之间差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

hMG与FSH配合孕激素对多浪羊同期发情比较研究

采用孕激素分别与hMG和FSH配合对多浪羊进行同期发情处理,研究不同激素组合的同期发情效果。将181只多浪羊随机分为3组,第1组64只采用孕激素+50 U FSH处理;第2组59只采用孕激素+15 U hMG处理;第3组58只采用孕激素+20 U hMG处理。结果表明:3组羊的发情率分别为93.75%、94.92%和98.28%;发情同期率分别为89.1%、91.5%和93.1%;撤栓到发情的间隔时间分别为49.60、44.79 h和44.79 h;发情持续期分别为30.6、33.43 h和29.57 h。各指标在3组间均无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验结果表明,用hMG可以代替FSH进行多浪羊的同期发情处理。     

舍饲肉用绵羊同期发情试验

选择神木县畜牧科技示范园种羊场1.5~3岁健康、中等以上膘情的四种繁殖母羊共600只,将其纯种萨福克羊和萨寒、陶细、德细二元杂交肉羊随机分为3个试验组和1个对照组。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用PG、阴道栓＋FSH和阴道栓＋PMSG处理,处理后96 h观察结果表明：Ⅰ组的四种羊同期发情率为：萨福克羊58.3%、德细52.9%、萨寒63.3%、陶细57.5%;Ⅱ组相应为：71.9%、78.1%、83.3%、82.1%;Ⅲ组相应为：85.7%、81.8%、87.1%、81.6%。试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组处理的母羊发情率均显著高于试验Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组之间母羊发情率差异不显著（P〉0.05）,试验组综合效果均极显著优于对照组。四种羊以萨寒羊同期发情率最高。三种处理的母羊受胎率差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。     

舍饲肉用绵羊同期发情试验

选择神木县畜牧科技示范园种羊场1.5～3岁健康、中等以上膘情的四种繁殖母羊共600只,将其纯种萨福克羊和萨寒、陶细、德细二元杂交肉羊随机分为3个试验组和1个对照组.试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组分别用PG、阴道栓+FSH和阴道栓+PMSG处理,处理后96 h观察结果表明:Ⅰ组的四种羊同期发情率为:萨福克羊58.3%、德细52.9%、...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.