共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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基于CT数字图像的土壤孔隙分形特征研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
通过CT扫描获得了河南封丘地区3种不同质地潮土样本的高精度图像,利用数字图像分析方法识别出土壤孔隙及其轮廓线,然后用计盒法确定了表征土壤孔隙形态不规则性的分形维数.在此基础上,通过不同形式的分形模型预测了土壤水分特征曲线.结果表明,河南封丘地区不同质地潮土的孔隙分形维数(包括面积和轮廓线分维)差异不明显;预测水分特征曲线时,针对不同质地的土壤选择适宜的分形模型才能得到较好的模拟结果. 相似文献
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分形及其在土壤科学中的应用 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
介绍了分形这一新兴的数学分支,并讨论了分形理论在土壤科学中的价值和应用。结合相应的模型论述了分形理论在土壤水分特征曲线及在土壤大孔隙流研究中的应用。 相似文献
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土壤颗粒的分形特征及其应用 总被引:110,自引:4,他引:110
本文应用土壤颗粒的质量分布原理来描述土壤颗粒的分形特征。通过对10种土壤颗粒的机械组成进行分析,分别计算出它们的分形维数(D=2.489~2.896),并分析了其与土壤质地之间的关系。同时对土壤颗粒分形维数与所对应土壤的幂函数型水分特征曲线的拟合分形维数进行比较分析,建立了二者之间的相关关系。结果表明:分形维数的大小反映了土壤质地中粘粒、粉粒和砂粒含量的变化,随粘粒含量的增多分形维数增大,随砂粒含量的增多分形维数减小;同时土壤颗粒分形维数与所对应的水分特征曲线的拟合分形维数呈现出良好的一致性,因而对所研究的土壤而言,可应用土壤颗粒的质量分形维数结合幂函数模型来估算土壤水分特性曲线。 相似文献
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土壤颗粒大小的分布是重要的土壤物理性质,对土壤水、气、热传导特性有着显著的影响。鉴于土壤颗粒分形在分析和描述岩土介质多孔结构的优势,本文通过对5种不同质地的土样进行颗粒分析与水分特征曲线的测试。结果表明:土壤结构定量化表征的方法就是确定土壤结构的分形维数,针对不同地区的土壤,可以通过土壤粒径分布分形维数体现土壤粒径分布的情况,分形维数越大,颗粒粒径越小,细粒含量越高,质地越发呈现不均匀性;且可利用土壤粒径分形维数估算土壤孔隙分形维数。为建立土壤粒径分布模型提供数据支持,同时也为推进土壤结构的研究进展提供了新的方向。 相似文献
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根据土壤粒径分形估计紫色土水分特征曲线 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
选择不同质地紫色土,分别根据土壤颗粒的数量和重量分布计算土壤粒径分形维数,并与Tyler和Wheatcraft土壤水分特征曲线模型的拟合分形维数进行比较分析。结果表明,三种途径获得的分形维数与土壤质地密切相关,均表现出土壤黏粒含量越高,质地越细,分形维数越高。土壤粒径数量分布分形维数(2.98~3.26)和土壤粒径重量分布分形维数(2.73~2.81)存在较大的差异,但二者间却存在显著的线性关系。土壤粒径分形维数与土壤水分特征曲线模型拟合分形维数(2.72~2.84)均存在显著的线性关系,尤其是土壤粒径重量分布分形维数与土壤水分特征曲线模型拟合分形维数数值十分接近。通过建立的土壤水分特征曲线模型分形维数与土壤粒径分布分形维数关系式,结合Tyler和Wheatcraft模型进行土壤水分特征曲线预测,预测值与实测值具有良好的一致性,因而根据土壤粒径分形预测紫色土水分特征曲线是可行的。 相似文献
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为探索水土保持生态修复工程对土壤物理性质的改良效应,运用分形学理论与方法,研究鲁中山区4种生态修复措施对土壤颗粒组成和孔隙结构的影响。结果表明:1)各种修复措施对土壤水文物理性状都有明显改善作用。具体表现在,土壤中细粒物质含量提高,砂粒含量降低,而土壤分形维数增加,孔隙数量(尤其是毛管孔隙数量明显)增多,土壤密度减小。2)4种修复措施对土壤物理性状的改善程度不同,改良作用最大的是荒坡造林,其次是疏林补植和梯田封育,最小的是荒坡封禁。3)土壤分形维数与细粒物质含量、孔隙数量、土壤密度之间都存在一定的相关性,在作为综合指标定量描述土壤水文物理性状方面具有较大研究价值。 相似文献
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土壤水分特征曲线的分形模拟 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Many empirical models have been developed to describe the soil water retention curve (SWRC). In this study, a fractal model for SWRC was derived with a specially constructed Menger sponge to describe the fractal scaling behavior of soil; relationships were established among the fractal dimension of SWRC, the fractal dimension of soil mass, and soil texture; and the model was used to estimate SWRC with the estimated results being compared to experimental data for verification. The derived fractal model was in a power-law form, similar to the Brooks-Corey and Campbell empirical functions. Experimental data of particle size distribution (PSD), texture, and soil water retention for 10 soils collected at different places in China were used to estimate the fractal dimension of SWRC and the mass fractal dimension. The fractal dimension of SWRC and the mass fractal dimension were linearly related. Also, both of the fractal dimensions were dependent on soil texture, i.e., clay and sand contents. Expressions were proposed to quantify the relationships. Based on the relationships, four methods were used to determine the fractal dimension of SWRC and the model was applied to estimate soil water content at a wide range of tension values. The estimated results compared well with the measured data having relative errors less than 10% for over 60% of the measurements. Thus, this model, estimating the fractal dimension using soil textural data, offered an alternative for predicting SWRC. 相似文献
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牛肉大理石花纹计盒维和信息维的测定 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
对牛肉大理石花纹几何特征进行定量描述,是牛肉大理石花纹等级自动判定系统的关键技术。通过对牛肉大理石花纹图像分形特征的分析及分形维数的测定,试图以分形维对牛肉大理石花纹的分布特征进行定量描述。作者以中国及美国牛肉分级系统中的大理石花纹标准图版为研究对象,通过图像预处理,将其转化为二值数字图像,然后根据变粗视化程度的像素点覆盖法,编写出计盒维和信息维的测定程序,计算出上述每一幅图像在不同标尺下的非空盒个数及信息量,再根据标尺与非空盒个数及信息量的关系,分析图像的分形特征;通过回归分析的方法,测定出图像的计盒维数和信息维数。试验结果显示,在一定的标度范围内,牛肉大理石花纹标准图像具有分形性,并且显示出多重分形特征;图像的计盒维数和信息维数均呈现出随着牛肉大理石花纹等级的增加而增大的变化趋势。 相似文献
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安达市碱性草地土壤颗粒的分维特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用土壤颗粒质量分形模型计算松嫩平原低平地安达试区植被分布区和碱斑区样点土壤颗粒的分形维数,并建立分形维数与土壤颗粒不同粒级间的回归关系,以探讨土地碱化后土壤粒径分布的分形特征及其与土壤物理性状的关系。结果表明:安达试区土壤颗粒分形维数较高,平均分别仅有48.7×10^-5cm/s(PitA)和4.30×10^-6cm/s(PitB),反映了该区土壤细颗粒含量高、土壤大孔隙数量少、土壤饱和导水率低的特征;土壤颗粒分形维数与黏粒含量呈对数正相关关系,而与粉粒和砂粒含量相关性不显著,说明在安达试区,影响土壤颗粒分形维数的主要因素是黏粒含量;羊草地土壤颗粒分形维数在土壤垂直剖面上的变异较大,说明植被生长促进了土壤质地的变异;碱斑地土壤颗粒分形维数明显大于羊草地,细颗粒含量高,饱和导水率低,说明碱斑的形成恶化了土壤物理性质;土壤颗粒分形维数可以反映安达市土壤物理性质的好坏,能作为土壤退化和生态环境恶化的评价指标。研究结果可为安达市以及松嫩平原盐碱地生态环境的修复和治理提供科学依据。 相似文献
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分形模型在利用颗粒分布数据评价土壤持水性质中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Soil water retention characteristics are the key information required in hydrological modeling.Frac-tal models provide a practical alternative for indirectly estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle-size distribution data.Predictive capabilities of three fractal models,i.c.,Tylcr-Wheatcraft model,Rieu-Sposito model,and Brooks-Corey model,were fully evaluated in this work using experimental data from an international database and literature.Particle-size distribution data were firstly interpolated into 20 classes using a van Genuchten-type equation.Fractal dimensions of the tortuous pore wall and the pore surface were then calculated from the detailed particle-size distribution and incorporated as a parameter in fractal water retention models.Comparisons between measured and model-estimated water retention cha-racteristics indicated that these three models were applicable to relatively different soil textures and pressure head ranges.Tyler-Whcatcraft and Brooks-Corey models led to reasonable agreements for both coarse-and medium-textured soils,while the latter showed applicability to a broader texture range.In contrast,Rieu-Sposito model was more suitable for fine-textured soils.Fractal models produced a better estimation of water contents at low pressure heads than at high pressure heads. 相似文献
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红壤丘陵区不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形与水分物理特征 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
为探明红壤丘陵区不同植被对土壤分形结构及水分物理特征的改良作用与机制,运用土壤分形学和水文物理学原理与方法,以南方红壤丘陵区福建省长汀县为例,研究经济林、针阔混交林、乔灌混交林及针叶林4种植被类型土壤颗粒组成、分形维数、水分物理参数及其相关性。结果表明:1)红壤丘陵区不同植被类型土壤中以粗砂粒质量含量最高,细砂粒和石砾质量含量次之,粉黏粒质量含量较低,与裸地相比,不同植被类型具有显著提高土壤细砂砾和粉黏粒质量含量的作用,并且混交林作用程度高于纯林;2)红壤丘陵区不同植被类型具有降低土壤密度、增加土壤孔隙度的功能,针阔混交林、乔灌混交林、针叶林、经济林土壤的饱和蓄水量分别是裸地的1.20、1.16、1.14和1.10倍,表土层(0~20 cm)贮水能力好于表下土层(20~40 cm);3)土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤粉黏粒、总孔隙度、饱和蓄水量、孔隙比呈极显著正相关,与石砾质量含量、土壤密度呈极显著负相关,红壤丘陵区4种植被类型土壤均为不均匀性良好的土壤,以混交林土壤粒径分布结构较好,尤其是以针阔混交林的最好,其次是纯林的,针叶林好于经济林,表土层(0~20 cm)大于20~40 cm土层。 相似文献
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The specific surface area (SSA) of a soil is crucial for the interface of ions and water molecules with the soil particles. Therefore, many physical and chemical properties of a soil are determined using its total SSA. Measurement of SSA is time-consuming and laborious, and its estimation using pedotransfer functions is therefore preferred. The objectives of this study were to: (1) analyze the pore–solid interface fractal dimension (D) in soils with different textures from thesouthern part of Iran using estimated improved particle-size distribution (PSD) from the soil primary particles, i.e. clay, silt and sand; (2) develop a multivariate pedotransfer function to estimate D based on PSD; and (3) develop a multivariate pedotransfer function to link the values of D to the SSA. As a result, two pedotransfer functions are presented for estimation of D and SSA. To estimate SSA, the value of D is first obtained using the presented pedotransfer function and these estimated D values are then used in another pedotransfer function to estimate SSA. The pedotransfer functions were validated and it is concluded that they are able to predict the values of D and SSA accurately. 相似文献
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运用土壤粒径质量分布原理与分形理论,对大黑山生态修复区6种不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形特征进行研究。结果表明:1)不同植被类型土壤颗粒粒径的质量分数分布差别很大,土壤黏粒和粉粒含量林地比荒草地高87.47%和89.94%,砂粒含量和细砾与粗砾含量林地比荒草地低25.09%和19.19%;土壤粉粒和黏粒含量黑桦+山杨混交林、蒙古栎和山榆等天然次生林地明显高于山杏和油松等人工林地。2)有林地土壤颗粒分形维数明显大于荒草地,天然次生林土壤颗粒分形维数大于人工林,且以天然次生混交林最大。3)不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤粒径〈0.05 mm的黏粒含量和粒径0.05-0.25 mm之间的粉粒含量呈明显的线性正相关关系,土壤的颗粒越小,细粒含量越高,分形维数越大。4)不同植被类型土壤颗粒分形维数与土壤不均匀系数呈较好的线性负相关关系,随着土壤不均匀系数的降低,土壤颗粒分形维数增大。除荒草地外,大黑山生态修复区其他5种植被类型土壤均为不均匀性良好的土壤,以天然次生林土壤粒径分布结构较好,尤其是以天然次生混交林的最好,其次是人工林的。 相似文献
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引入分维理论评价土壤对优势流的敏感性 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Food dye Brilliant Blue was introduced as the tracer in a dye-tracing experiment to obtain dye profile patterns of sandy loam soil,aeolian sandy soil,percolating paddy soil and permeable paddy soil.The dyed soil profiles were then photographed and the photos were scanned into a computer.Edited with certain software,only the dyed areas were left on the profile photos,which indicted the preferential flow paths for water and solute transport.Fractal dimensions of the dye patterns were calculated according to Arnold‘s function.Soil particle size distribution was analyzed by pipette method.The regression analysis showed that there was significant relationship between soil clay content and fractal dimension D of the dye pattern of soil profile.Based on the experiment results,the possibility of introducing fractal dimension to estimation of soil sensitivity to preferential flow is discussed. 相似文献