密云水库池沼公鱼产量变化的原因

池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)属鲑形目,胡瓜鱼科(Osmeridae),一年生淡水亚冷水性小型经济鱼类。近几年来,北京市密云水库主养鱼类池沼公鱼产量变幅较大,1998年以后产量呈下降趋势。本文研究了影响密云水库池沼公鱼产量变化的主要因素,并提出了提高密云水库池沼公鱼产量的技术措施。 一、池沼公鱼移植、增殖及产量变化情况。     

我国的一种新兴渔业-公鱼渔业

一、公鱼属鱼类的分类地位和分布 公鱼属(Hypomesus)是鲑形目胡瓜鱼科的一群小型经济鱼类。公鱼属鱼类分类各家意见不一，但主要包括两个种是一致的意见。这两个种一是池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)，淡水里产卵，有溯河产卵和陆封两种类型，另一种是海公鱼(Hypomesus pretiosus)，海里产卵。     

黄河干流山西段鱼类组成及其产卵场、索饵场和越冬场分布的调查

2010~2012年设置6个断面,调查黄河干流山西段的鱼类组成及其产卵场、索饵场和越冬场(三场)的分布。调查期间,共采集到43种鱼类,分属6目10科,包括鲤Cyprinus carpioLinnaeus、鲫Carassius auratus(Linnacus)、鲶Parasilurus asotus(Linnaeus)、赤眼鳟Squaliobarus curriculus(Richardson)、瓦氏雅罗鱼Leuciscus waleckii(Dybowski)、黄河鮈Gobio huanghensis Lo,Yao et Chen等土著鱼类42种,外来种主要是在万家寨库区引进的池沼公鱼Hypomesus olidus(Pallas)。河段"三场"主要有7个。黄河干流山西段鱼类分布呈现了万家寨至天桥段的"河流-水库"生态类型,鱼类"三场"小而散,但鱼类种类较多,以小型鱼类为主;天桥至禹门口峡谷段,生物多样性低,"三场"主要分布在碛口段,种类和资源量少;禹门口段以下则鱼类资源较为丰富,鱼类"三场"分布多,生态环境较好。本文还提出了保护和养护黄河干流山西段鱼类资源和产卵场、索饵场、越冬场的措施。     

西太公鱼胚胎发育及初孵仔鱼的形态观察

西太公鱼(Hypomesus nipponesisMcallister)是一种小型经济鱼类,主要分布于北太平洋亚洲和北美洲沿岸。我国的西太公鱼是从日本移植来的,分布于鸭绿江、大洋河。大连市大西山、王家店水库也有分布。过去,Sato,R·(1952)报道过池沼公鱼(H·olidus)早期生活史,O·F·Gritzenko 等(1983)对公鱼属分类及形态作了研究;解玉浩(1984)对水丰水库公鱼作了生物学研     

我国池沼公鱼（Hypomesus olidus）和西太公鱼（H.nipponensis）的来源和比较

公鱼属(Hypomesus)是胡瓜鱼科(Osmeridae)的小型经济鱼类。分布于北太平洋沿岸中、高纬度地带。已知我国天然分布的有黑龙江的池沼公鱼(H．olidus)。根据国外资料，流入日本海的图门江绥芬河应有日本公鱼(H．japonicus)(吉在均，1966；宫地，1978)。至于长春净月水库、     

池沼公鱼移植钱塘江上游水库

池沼公鱼〔Hypomesus olidus(pallas)〕为亚冷性中上层的一种小型淡水经济鱼类,整体可食,其肉嫩而具黄瓜味,清香可口,营养价值高,淡干品可与驰名中外的银鱼媲美,国内外供不应求。池沼公鱼肠管短,主食浮游动物,一年成熟产     

博斯腾湖哲水蚤种群消失与池沼公鱼的关系

哲水蚤目(Calanoida)是水体中的浮游生物主要种类组成之一,也是各种幼鱼和食浮游生物鱼类良好的天然饵料,其种类组成及数量变动往往直接制约经济鱼类的丰度.哲水蚤摄食浮游藻类、细菌及腐屑,对藻类的生长、防治水体富营养化和水体自净起到重要作用,在生态系统物质循环和能量流动中起着至关重要的作用.采用<内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册>有关方法,1984～2006年,以新疆博斯腾湖哲水蚤和池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)为研究对象,通过对哲水蚤种类、数量和生物量的变化及对池沼公鱼生物学食性、种群数量进行长期观察,结果表明,在各种食物都比较丰盛时,公鱼摄食哲水蚤的出现率最高(41.6%),池沼公鱼种群数量的大量增加导致了哲水蚤逐渐减少乃至消失.     

黄壁庄水库鱼类构成及变化情况

通过对黄壁庄水库鱼类种群结构采样调查,分析黄壁庄水库鱼类构成及经济鱼类变化的情况。1999年以前,主要的经济鱼类为鲢、鳙、鲫和鲤,2010年以后,新出现的品种为太湖新银鱼、大银鱼、池沼公鱼、鱵鱼和翘嘴红鲌,其中大银鱼和池沼公鱼成为黄壁庄水库最主要的经济鱼类。     

池沼公鱼移植技术

池沼公鱼(Hypomesus olidus)是亚冷水性小型经济鱼类，它具有较高的出口创汇价值，国内市场也供不应求。在我国仅分布于东北部分水域，能形成产量的仅有鸭绿上中朝共管的水丰、云丰水库。向北方适养水域移植公鱼，对开发利用水库、湖泊等大水面，提高鱼产量，提供出口创汇和国内市场新的鱼产品具有重要意义。     

西泉眼水库鱼类多样性与群落结构初步研究

2010年5月至11月对西泉眼水库鱼类资源进行了系统调查,共调查鱼类3095尾,鉴定出鱼类种类30种,分别隶属于6目11科30属,其中鲤科鱼类21种,占全部种类的70%。并利用Pinkas相对重要性指数（IRI）、Shannon-Weaver多样度指数（H′）和Pielou均匀度指数（J′）三种分析方法,对水库鱼类多样性特征进行了分析。西泉眼水库鱼类Pinkas相对重要性指数（IRI）分析得出,中小型鱼类优势种有3种,分别是池沼公鱼（Hypomesus olidus）、餐（Hemiculter leucisculus）、蛇（Saurogobio dabryi）;放养鱼类优势种以鲢（Hypoph-thalmichthys molitrix）、鳙（Aristichthys nobilis）为主。Shannon-Weaver指数（H′）值在0.1373~0.2129之间,Pielou指数（J′）值在0.0404~0.0626之间。总体来说,西泉眼水库鱼类物种多样性偏低,稳定性不高。最后提出了西泉眼水库鱼类物种多样性保护建议。     

南四湖的水生生物和渔业生态初析

南四湖是指位于山东省南部的微山、昭阳、独山和南阳四个湖,现有水面11.9万公顷。目前的平均鱼产量是94.05公斤/公顷。1983—1984 年我省对该湖进行了全面的渔业资源调查。南四湖的溶氧含量平均为 8.71毫克/升,pH为 7.1—9.7。湖水中的磷酸盐是0.0108毫克/升,三态氮是0.465 毫克/升。水生维管束植物的生物量是 2584.2毫克/米~2,浮游植物和浮游动物的平均生物量分别为1.709和0.601毫克/升,底栖动物的平均生物量是92.65克/米~2。鱼类的优势种类是鲫鱼、黄颡鱼、乌鳢、红鳍鲌、长春编、鲶鱼、鲤鱼。并为开发它们提出了初步建议。     

Diet of the Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) on the River Gradac,Serbia: Predation in a brown trout‐dominated stream

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银盘水电站鱼类资源现状和缓解工程影响的保护措施探讨

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维生素E及脂肪源对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响

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Steatitis in wild sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in the Olifants and lower Letaba Rivers in the Kruger National Park, South Africa

Large numbers of adult Nile crocodiles, Crocodylus niloticus (Laurenti), died from pansteatitis during autumn and winter 2008 in the lower Letaba and Olifants River gorge in the Kruger National Park, South Africa. Consequently, the health status of fish from these waters was investigated. The study presents the pathological findings in fish inhabiting these rivers within the boundaries of the Park. Changes typical of steatitis were diagnosed in many of the larger specimens of sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), caught within the Olifants River gorge. These fish carried large amounts of mesenteric fat with characteristic small brown granulomata within the adipose tissue. Necrosis and inflammation of the adipose tissues, with characteristic ceroid accumulation within the resultant granulomata and the associated aggregation of ceroid‐containing macrophages, were demonstrated histologically and were typical of steatitis. Other changes included mild thickening and pallor of the gill tissues and swollen, orange, fatty livers. Focal hepatic lipidosis was demonstrated histologically, and special stains revealed storage of large amounts of iron in the livers. Blood smears revealed chromatin clumping in erythrocyte nuclei and nuclear and cell membrane irregularities. This is the first record of steatitis in wild‐caught C. gariepinus.     

Determining the spatial distribution of spawning by anadromous and resident brown trout Salmo trutta L using strontium content of eggs collected from redds

Abstract – Strontium (Sr) content of eggs collected from redds were used to determine the spawning contribution of resident and anadromous female brown trout in the Taieri River, New Zealand and were analysed on the catchment and tributary scale. At the catchment scale, analysis of Sr showed differences between eggs collected above and below the Taieri River Gorge. Samples collected above the gorge all had low‐Sr concentrations similar to levels found in an entirely resident brown trout population. Samples collected below the gorge exhibited a broad range in Sr concentrations, ranging from levels comparable to the known anadromous samples to levels comparable to the known freshwater‐resident samples. This suggests that the gorge prevents upstream migration by anadromous brown trout in the Taieri River. At the tributary scale, this pattern of anadromous brown trout spawning downstream of freshwater‐resident fish was repeated in one of the two tributaries located downstream of the gorge. Energetic cost of migration is the most likely explanation for the observed patterns in catchment and tributary scale distribution of spawning by resident and anadromous brown trout. It is concluded that the use of Sr concentrations in eggs collected from redds is a cost‐effective and reliable method to investigate the spawning contribution by anadromous brown trout.     

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长江下游浅水湖泊石臼湖鱼类资源现状及变化趋势

根据2012-2013年对石臼湖水质和鱼类资源开展的2次调查数据,研究石臼湖水质、鱼类资源现状及演变趋势。采用水质单因子评价方法、营养状态质量指数,结合经济合作与发展OECO富营养湖泊判断标准,研究石臼湖、姑溪河、塘沟河、清水河的水质和富营养化状况;通过商业捕捞的渔获物调查,收集石臼湖和姑溪河鱼类资源数据,分析河网区鱼类种类组成、渔获物结构等渔业资源现状。结果表明,石臼湖及毗邻水域存在一定程度的水污染,且湖区受水量变化影响低于河流区,总体水质状况符合地表水环境质量Ⅲ~Ⅳ类,为富营养状态。石臼湖分布鱼类110种,2012-2013年共调查到54种;其中,石臼湖38种,固城湖33种,姑溪河51种。石臼湖、固城湖和姑溪河主要经济鱼类(数量和重量均超过1%的种类)分别有13、11和9种。石臼湖鱼类主要以鲤[Cyprinus(Cyprinus)carpio]、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲇(Silurus asotus)等适应静、缓流生境的鱼类为主,并以歺又鱼(Hemiculter leucisculus)、鲫、棒花鱼(Abbotina rivularis)等小型鱼类或小规格个体鱼类(1 000 g)为主;湖区天然渔业资源呈衰退趋势,由于和长江下游干流相通,姑溪河鱼类种类数高于湖区,但其生物量远低于湖区;渔业资源的分布状况与水质状况无明显相关性,与河湖的连通性有关;受枯水期水量偏少、上游和周边来水污染以及高密度水产养殖的影响,石臼湖水质出现氮、磷和有机污染物超标等问题。宜采取源头控污、限制养殖、渔民转产以及人工增殖等措施,保护石臼湖水质,恢复天然渔业资源。     

黄河河南段非漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状调查

为了掌握黄河河南段鱼类产卵场的分布现状,2013-2015年的每年3-7月,采用卫星GPS定位,实地走访渔民,采集鱼卵和仔稚鱼,捕获并解剖分析繁殖亲鱼,同步进行理化因子测定和环境指标监测。结果表明,黄河河南段鱼类规模产卵场共有30处,主要分布在河边浅滩、河流消落区和河心岛等水生生物资源丰富、适合非漂流性卵鱼类产卵孵化的水域。监测调查270d,采集主要鱼类标本1 156尾,各产卵场的鱼类优势种组成差异明显。产卵经济鱼类有鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、鲶(Silurus asotus)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)、泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)、赤眼鳟(Squaliobarbus curriculus)共计7种。黄河南段主要经济鱼类产卵场的分布位置及范围规模存在明显的地域差异。为保护黄河南段经济鱼类及其产卵场,提出了具体的保护措施。     

Note on occurrence and the food of juvenile kachlan (Trachinotus ovatus,Linnaeus) (Pisces,Carangidae) from the Mediterranean

Juvenile kachlan (Trachinotus ovatus, Linnaeus) were collected with beach seines from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Length frequency distributions of 1 539 fish were used to indicate the arrival of juveniles. The estimated time of arrival is July–August. Stomach contents of 153 juveniles were determined. The fish ranged from 19 to 90 mm in total length. Percent frequency occurrence of diet contents was determined. Juvenile kachlan ate polychaetes, cladocera, copepods, isopods, amphipods, insects and small fish.