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水分胁迫对大丽花光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响 总被引:9,自引:4,他引:5
以大丽花品种‘粉西施’盆栽扦插苗为试材,研究了不同程度水分胁迫及复水对大丽花品种粉西施叶片光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响。结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度的加深和胁迫时间的延长,大丽花叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用率(WUE)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先下降后上升,气孔限制值Ls先升高后下降。轻度和中度水分胁迫下,气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;重度水分胁迫下,非气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因。重度胁迫更早对大丽花叶片造成伤害,重度胁迫下复水后光合指标难以恢复。 相似文献
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水分胁迫对棉花幼苗水分利用和光合特性的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以转基因棉花品种农大棉8号和鲁棉研28号为材料进行盆栽试验,设置正常处理(CK)、轻度胁迫(LS)、中度胁迫(MS)、重度胁迫(SS)和极度胁迫(ES)5个水分处理。结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度的加重,棉花幼苗的生长受到明显的抑制,2个品种的叶片相对含水率、叶水势、净光合速率(Pn)、光能利用率(LUE)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ光化学量子效率(φPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)呈下降趋势;气孔限制值(Ls)、水分利用率(WUE)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈上升趋势。两品种的Pn和NPQ的MS、SS和ES与CK相比差异显著,不同测定时期各胁迫处理的平均Pn比CK分别下降了11.5%、18.1%、32.1%和38.1%;平均NPQ比CK上升了24.1%、50.9%、79.4%和145.1%。表明棉花幼苗期持续轻度水分胁迫对叶片光合能力无显著影响,但高于中度的持续水分胁迫会造成叶片光合能力下降和光抑制加重。 相似文献
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水分胁迫下葡萄糖对小麦幼苗光合作用和相关生理特性的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
以15%聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟水分胁迫,以不同浓度外源葡萄糖(Glc)处理小麦幼苗,探讨外源Glc对水分胁迫下小麦幼苗生长发育和光合特性的影响。结果表明,水分胁迫显著降低了小麦叶片水势和光合作用,抑制植株的生长,而水分胁迫下外源Glc处理能明显增加叶片水势和光合色素含量,并使水分胁迫和水分胁迫后复水处理条件下,小麦幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和叶片水分利用效率(WUE)显著升高,而使蒸腾速率(Tr)下降。同时,外源Glc处理显著提高了水分胁迫下叶片中可溶性糖和脯氨酸的积累,促进不定根和侧根的生长,植株干重比单一干旱处理提高14.32%~40.39%。由此表明,水分胁迫下外源Glc通过促进小麦根系生长和提高叶组织的渗透调节能力,改善叶片的水分状况,提高了叶片的光合功能,促进小麦幼苗的生长,降低了水分胁迫对小麦幼苗生长的抑制作用。 相似文献
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腐殖酸水溶肥料对水分胁迫下小麦光合特性及产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为了解腐殖酸水溶肥料对水分胁迫下小麦光合特性及产量的影响。以‘永良四号’为试验材料,采用盆栽方法研究了拔节期水分胁迫后,腐殖酸水溶肥料对小麦叶绿素含量、光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率及产量的影响。结果表明,在不同水分胁迫下,腐殖酸水溶肥料均有效地改善了小麦光合特性,与对照相比,叶绿素含量增加5.62%~84.32%,光合速率增加0.87%~75.38%,气孔导度降低7.96%~53.25%,蒸腾速率降低15.96%~58.32%。水分胁迫后,净光合速率和叶绿素含量下降。但在水分胁迫时喷施腐殖酸水溶肥料,叶绿素含量和净光合速率增加,蒸腾速率减弱,因而水分利用效率提高。小麦增产4.48%~7.75%,增产效果显著,增产幅度为:正常供水>适度控水>中度水分胁迫。综合分析表明,腐殖酸水溶肥料能改善小麦光合特性,增加其产量。 相似文献
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不同作物种植垦作对水土流失影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为探讨不同大田作物对水土流失的影响,对甘蔗、木薯、玉米3种作物种植的水土流失状况进行了研究。结果表明:不同作物的水土流失量及土壤养分流失量均有显著差异。3种不同作物种植的水土流失量及土壤养分流失量大小均表现为:玉米>木薯>甘蔗。其中,玉米水分、土壤、土壤速效氮、磷、钾及土壤有机质的流失量分别比木薯增加了15.00%、30.44%、35.53%、34.73%、31.84%、34.80%;木薯分别比甘蔗增加了41.60%、39.66%、46.86%、41.57%、54.75%、41.89%。由此可见,不同的作物垦种和栽培管理过程对耕地水土流失的影响有明显差异。玉米种植垦种和栽培管理过程耕地水土流失量最大,其次是木薯,再次是甘蔗。旱地尤其是旱坡地不同作物适当轮作,不仅有利于调节土壤肥力,而且有利于保持水土。 相似文献
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Ryuji Ishikawa Yuko Harata Yasunori Tuchimine Mineo Senda Shinji Akada Takeo Harada Minoru Niizeki 《Euphytica》1997,98(3):197-203
Two rice ecotypes, the so-called lowland and upland populations, which carry different isozyme genotypes mostly at a single
locus, are cultivated in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the origin and the mechanism for keeping these genetic
differences. The upland population is cultivated in upland fields and carries a different allele for a particular isozyme
gene, Pgd-1, which has never been found in the lowland population. RFLP markers showed a weak trend for genetic differentiation
between the two ecotypes. On the other hand, morphological, and physiological traits showed marked differences between the
two ecotypes. Furthermore, based on the genotypic difference, two Japonica subgroups are defined in the upland population.
Subgroup I is the minor group and carries key lowland characters, including the genotype for PGD. Subgroup II carries different
traits and the genotype for PGD of the alternative subgroup. As an allelic difference for Pgd-1 is known to occur between
the two ecospecies, Tropical (Tr) and Temperate (Tm) Japonicas, upland cultivars can be classified by diagnostic characters
which distinguish a variety into Tr or Tm type. The upland population consists of three types of cultivars, Tr-, Tm- and intermediate-type.
In contrast, the lowland population consists of a uniform Tm type Japonicas. As Japanese upland cultivars still have an isozyme
allele specific to the Tr type, the upland population has a rather complex constitution which is presumably now being introgressed
by lowland genetic material, but still represents a major difference at some genetic levels. Upland rice carries several stress-resistant
genes which would be useful for lowland rice breeding. The genetic difference would be efficient for tagging upland specific
traits by upland specific genetic markers.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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玉米渍水模拟模型研究及验证 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
作物模拟模型是研究作物生态生理过程的新工具,尽管还不完善,但是具有广泛的应用前景.本研究在试验的基础上,根据MACROS模型和文献资料组建了玉米水分模拟模型,加强了模型在渍水方面的功能.经验证,模型能较好地反应我国南方地区玉米的生长发育过程和土壤水分运动,可以用于渍害易发地区的玉米生产研究.并以杭州市为例,应用模型 相似文献
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PEPC过表达可以减轻干旱胁迫对水稻光合的抑制作用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
为了明确磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)过量表达能否提高水稻的光合速率,测定了42个表达不同PEPC水平的转玉米PEPC基因水稻株系及对照(受体亲本中花8号)开花期和灌浆期的光合速率。结果表明,在水田条件下,转基因株系光合速率与未转基因对照相比没有明显差异;而在旱地条件下,转基因水稻的光合速率显著高于对照(27%和24%)。随机选取2个PEPC相对活性分别为10倍和25倍的转基因株系进行网室精确控水盆栽实验得到相似的结果。说明单纯导入PEPC并不能提高水稻的光合速率,而干旱胁迫下转基因水稻的光合优势可能是由于PEPC参与水稻的抗旱反应而减轻了干旱胁迫对光合作用的抑制作用。 相似文献
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为对北京市粮食作物进行适当的风险管理,核算其合理的保险费率,首先分析北京市粮食作物保险的发展现状,在此基础上,运用构建单产分布模型以核算保险费率的方法,核算北京市5种粮食作物保险费率。结果表明:不同单产分布对农业保险费率厘定结果有一定的影响;北京市多数粮食作物农业保险费率偏高;粮食作物保险费率不同品种之间存在较大差异;北京市农作物保险仍存在补贴内容比较单一,保险补贴品种有限等问题。 相似文献
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Results of a field experiment conducted in rainy season (June to December) of 1988 and 1989 at Deochanda Experiment Station, Bihar, India, indicated that intercropping cereals, pulses and oilseeds with normal planted base crop of redgram ( Cajanus cajan [L.] Mill sp.) increased land use efficiency and gave higher total yields compared to pure cropping of redgram under rainfed conditions on upland oxisols of Bihar plateau. Cereals like maize, rice and fingermillet were more aggressive in intercropping system and they tended to have depressing effect on redgram. Intercropping of short duration pulses like blackgram and greengram and legume-oilseed crops like peanut and soybean with redgram showed balanced competitive abilities and proved more efficient in the system. Intercropping system of redgram-peanut proved to be the most efficient and productive. 相似文献