不同类群大白猪窝产仔数的遗传分析

对双肌臀大白猪和普通大白猪组成的 561窝产仔数的资料进行了遗传分析。结果表明 :公猪和胎次均对母猪产仔数 (总产仔数和活产仔数 )具有极显著影响 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ,季节和类群均对母猪产仔数 (总产仔数和活产仔数 )具有显著影响 (P <0 .0 5)。大白猪产仔数的平均值随胎次增长而增加。夏季分娩的大白猪具有最高的产仔数 ,依次为春季和冬季 ,秋季最低。大白猪总产仔数和活产仔数的遗传力分别为0 .0 9和 0 .1 0 ,属低遗传力 ,直接选择窝产仔数几乎没有效果 ;它们之间的遗传相关为 0 .80 ,表型相关为0 .85,环境相关为 0 .90 ,它们之间的协遗传力为 0 .0 8。这些参数表明总产仔数和活产仔数是两个不同的性状 ,在生产实践中单独记录它们是有理由的、必要的。     

松嫩平原羊草种群生殖分蘖株的数量特征及其定量分析

在松嫩平原羊草籽实的乳熟-成熟期,对翻耙样地和封育样地的羊草生殖蘖进行取样调查.结果表明,在同一生境条件下,生殖蘖株高、穗序长、节间长、穗节数和生殖生长比率5个性状较均匀整齐,籽实数、结实率、小花数和小穗数的生态可塑性较大.生殖蘖高度与穗序长、节间长呈极显著正相关,与生殖生长比率呈显著或极显著负相关,穗序长与节间长、穗节数、小穗数和小花数均呈显著或极显著正相关,穗节数与小穗数和小花数、小穗数与小花数、籽实数与小花数和结实率均呈极显著正相关.羊草生殖蘖数量特征的生态可塑性及其相互间的定量关系,揭示了羊草生殖蘖个体生长、发育和生殖的协调发展规律.小花数随小穗数、籽实数随小花数和结实率在2个样地呈异速增长,是翻耙样地羊草生殖蘖籽实产量远大于封育样地的主要原因.     

Genome-wide Association Study of Teats Number Traits in Kele Pigs

Teats number is one of the most important reproductive traits,and closely related to the economic benefit in pig industry.In order to reveal the underlying genetics of left teats number,right teats number and total teats number traits,a genome-wide association study（GWAS）was performed.Samples of DNA were collected to genotyping for 22 Kele pigs using the Illumina Porcine SNP 60K Chip.The GWAS was performed using a mixed-effects model and linear regression approach.When a genome-wide threshold was determined using the Bonferroni method（P<2.06E-5),4 single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）markers were potentially associated with left teats number,right teats number and total teat number.However,3 SNPs were significant associated and 18 SNPs were potentially associated in chromosomes level.304 Ensembl genes were retrieved around 1 cM of the associated SNPs.The candidate genes in Wnt and Fgf signaling pathway（BTRC,FGF5,FGF8,BMP3,RASGEF1B and HMGB3）might have effect on target traits.These results provided valuable information about the selective breeding for Kele pigs.     

可乐猪乳头数性状全基因组关联分析

乳头数性状是猪最重要的繁殖性状之一,与养猪业的经济效益密切相关。本试验以Illunima Porcine SNP 60K芯片对22头可乐猪进行基因分型,通过Plink 1.07软件,基于混合线性模型对左乳头数、右乳头数和总乳头数性状进行全基因组关联分析。经过严格的质量控制和多重检验之后,共鉴定出全基因组水平潜在关联的SNPs位点4个（P<2.06E-5）;染色体水平显著关联位点3个,潜在关联位点18个;在关联SNP位点可能连锁的上、下游1 cM区间内检索到304个基因,其中Wnt及Fgf信号通路中的候选基因BTRC、FGF5、FGF8和BMP3、RASGEF1B、HMGB3可能影响猪的乳头数性状或繁殖性状。通过全基因组关联分析策略发掘出的关联SNP位点及潜在候选基因,将为可乐猪的选育保种奠定基础。     

撒坝猪乳头数遗传力及其与繁殖性能关系的研究

本研究对 4个世代共 577头撒坝猪的乳头数进行了分析 ,并用HARVEY程序对乳头数的遗传力进行了估计 ,同时利用 1 2 8头有繁殖性能记录的母猪资料对乳头数与繁殖性状的关系进行了分析。结果表明 ,各世代的乳头数存在着显著差异 ,且逐代均有显著提高 ;乳头数的遗传力为 0 .331 ;乳头数与总产仔数和活产仔数间遗传相关和表型相关均为负值 ,与初生窝重、2 0日窝重、断奶仔数和断奶窝重间则存在着正的遗传相关和表型相关 ;乳头数与所有繁殖性状的环境相关都较弱 ( -0 .0 0 2～ 0 .0 94 )     

非洲狗尾草遗传分化调查

以纳罗克非洲狗尾草为材料,将变异分化的狗尾草分为3个类型,即长穗褐色、长穗金黄色、长穗深棕色。对各群体生殖枝高、生殖枝数、单株分蘖数及穗部形态特征进行测量,结合数量统计分析,运用SASV8软件对3个群体的形态变异程度进行分析。方差分析结果表明生殖枝数、分蘖、穗长、穗不带芒直径在3个类型间存在着显著差异,生殖枝高差异极显著。聚类分析结果显示出长穗褐色群体基本归为一类,而群体长穗金黄色、长穗深棕色存在一定的分化程度但不显著。     

Role of selection and inbreeding on the incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma in Sinclair swine

Summary This paper reports the quantitative analysis of the historical database of a herd of Sinclair swine affected by cutaneous malignant melanoma. The herd was under partial and non-systematic selection for melanoma susceptibility (animals having at least one tumour during the first 6 weeks of life). Weighted selection differentials for the number of tumours at birth and the number of tumours at 6 weeks were generally positive and between −0.43 and 4.76 tumours for the number of tumours at 6 weeks. Estimates of the heritability for number of tumours at birth and at 6 weeks using 1934 animals were 0.27 (±0.03) and 0.25 (±0.03), respectively. The estimate of the genetic correlation between these two traits was 0.95 (±0.03). Genetic trends were positive for the number of tumours at birth and at 6 weeks. In spite of positive selection differentials and a moderate heritability, there was a negative phenotypic trend in the number of tumours. Natural selection might be acting in a direction opposite to artificial selection in the Sinclair herd. The slopes of the regression of the number of tumours at birth, at 6 weeks, and melanoma susceptibility on individual inbreeding coefficients were non-significant, indicating no evidence of dominance. The number of live-born pigs was lower in litters from parents susceptible to the disease (p < 0.01).     

Pedigree analysis of the Hungarian Thoroughbred population

The aim of the study was to analyse the pedigree information of Thoroughbred horses which were participating in gallop races between 1998 and 2010 in Hungary. Among the 3043 individuals of the reference population there were imported animals from foreign countries (e.g. Germany, England or Ireland) and horses that were born in Hungary. The number of complete generations was 15.64 (varied between 0 for the founders and 25.20), the mean number of full generations was 6.69, and the mean maximum generations were 28.96. The number of founders was 1062, and the effective number of founders was 42. Two hundred and thirty-two founders were born before 1793 (when the stud book of the Thoroughbred breed was closed), therefore these founders are considered as true founders of the breed. These 232 founders were responsible for 88.58% of the gene pool in the reference genome. The significant difference between the number of founders and effective number of founders indicate that the genetic diversity decreased greatly from the founders to the reference population. The number of ancestors was 908 and only 6 of them were responsible for 50% of the genetic diversity in the examined population. The effective number of ancestors was 15.32. From the ratio of the effective number of founders and effective number of ancestors we concluded to a bottleneck effect that characterizes the pedigree under study. Generation interval was more than a year longer for stallions (12.17) than it was for mares (10.64). More than 94% of the individuals in the pedigree were inbred, and the average inbreeding of the population was 9.58%. Considering the changes of the inbreeding status of the examined population 4 large time periods were appointed. The first lasted until 1780, the second period was from 1780 until 1952, the third period was between 1946 and 1998 and the last one was from 1998 until 2008. Rate of inbreeding in the last generation was 0.3%, which forecasts further increase in inbreeding. The effective population size was above 100 in the last 30 generations, proving the genetic diversity did not decrease by a level that would make long-term selection impossible.     

The number of ribs and vertebrae in a Piétrain cross: variation, heritability and effects on performance traits

In a three‐generation experiment with five purebred Piétrain boars and one Landrace, one Large White and 12 Landrace × Large White crossbred sows as founder animals the number of ribs and presacral vertebrae was determined. These numbers were recorded for 111 F₁‐animals and for 2711 F₂‐animals. The number of ribs varied from 13 to 17 and the number of presacral vertebrae ranged from 26 to 30. Means of 15.5 for the number of ribs and 28.6 for the number of vertebrae with a standard deviation of 0.6 for both were calculated. Bayesian heritability estimates were 0.51 for the rib number and 0.62 for the vertebrae number. A phenotypic correlation of 0.76 and a genetic correlation of 0.97 indicated a close relationship of both traits. In additional analyses possible direct or linked effects of rib and vertebrae number on different growth and carcass traits were investigated. Significant effects were found for several traits related to growth, fatness, muscularity and meat quality. Genes for the presacral vertebrae number or linked quantitative trait loci (QTL) accounted for 11.5% of the phenotypic variation in carcass length and for 2.4% of the phenotypic variation in ham weight.     

应用X精子冷冻精液生产体内性控胚胎的试验

采用CIDR FSH PG法对206头优秀荷斯坦供体母牛进行超数排卵,其中实验组73头超排后用X性控冷冻精液输精(每头3支),获可用胚310枚,头均可用胚4.25枚;对照组133头,采用常规冷冻精液输精(每头3支),获得可用胚787枚,头均可用胚5.92枚,差异不显著。结果表明,用已分离的X精子冷冻精液对超排母牛进行人工授精生产体内性控胚胎是可行的。     

松嫩平原星星草果后营养期无性系结构及其生长分析

针对松嫩平原自然条件下星星草(Puccinellia tenuiflora)单优群落独立株丛,采用随机挖掘整个分蘖丛的取样方法,对星星草果后营养期无性系结构及其生长规律进行了定量分析。结果表明,星星草无性系总构件数量为(49.07±29.74)个,分蘖株和分蘖苗分别占53.3%和46.7%;总生物量为(2.54±1.57)g,分蘖株和分蘖苗分别占90.7%和9.3%。随丛径的增加,分蘖株数量、分蘖苗数量、分蘖株生物量分别呈直线增加,总构件数量和总生物量呈幂函数增加,分蘖苗生物量呈对数函数增加;分蘖株生物量、总生物量分别与分蘖株数量和总构件数量呈直线函数关系,分蘖苗生物量与分蘖苗数量呈幂函数关系;其相关性均达到了极显著水平(P<0.01)。     

猪窝产仔数的表型和遗传参数估计

对二花脸猪、大白猪、杂交一代和回交一代四个群体共计 2 0 1 0窝产仔数的资料进行了统计遗传分析。结果表明 :各胎次组中 ,随着二花脸猪血缘的减少 ,窝产仔数 (总产仔数和活产仔数 )平均值有下降的趋势。猪总产仔数和活产仔数的遗传力分别为 0 .0 81和 0 .1 1 6,属低遗传力 ,直接选择窝产仔数几乎没有效果 ;它们之间的遗传相关为 0 .793,表型相关为 0 .895,环境相关为 0 .90 7,它们之间的协遗传力为0 .0 77。这些参数表明总产仔数和活产仔数是两个不同的性状 ,在生产实践中单独记录它们是有理由的、必要的     

胎次对大白母猪产死胎数与弱仔数的影响

为探究胎次对母猪产弱仔、死胎的影响,实验对广西某猪场2015年12月——2017年11月的8 028窝大白母猪的胎次和产弱仔数、死胎数进行统计分析。结果表明:不同胎次母猪产弱仔数和死胎数具有极显著差异(P<0.01),其中第1胎次母猪弱仔数显著高于其他胎次母猪(P<0.05),且弱仔数均值呈逐渐下降趋势;第5胎次母猪的死胎数显著低于其他胎次(P<0.05),且死胎数均值近似呈先下降后上升的趋势;对产弱仔数和死胎数占总产仔数的比例进行分析进一步证明了上述结果。综上,第2～6胎次母猪产弱仔数和死胎数都相对较少,产仔性能最好,规模化猪场可以考虑淘汰7胎以上的母猪;对第1胎次的母猪建设P1场(第1胎次母猪场),制定更为严格的"驯化"和饲养工作。     

青海湖区普氏原羚与鸟类种群监测

通过在青海湖的蛋岛、鸬鹚岛、海心山、三块石、布哈河口等鸟类栖息地的鸟类种群数量监测，甘子河乡、沙岛东、克土、小泊湖、湖东种羊场、倒淌河镇元者、青海湖农场、哈尔盖乡、快尔玛乡、生格乡等地进行普氏原羚种群数量监测。目前，普氏原羚种群数量为702—845只。11月份种群数量比8月份增加22只，仅增长4．21个百分点；5个鸟类...     

沙门菌感染对小鼠白细胞总数及其亚群动态变化的影响

为研究沙门菌感染对小鼠白细胞总数及其亚群动态变化的影响,采取腹腔注射的方法给小鼠接种6.5×10⁹ CFU/mL浓度的沙门菌0.1 mL/只,分别在4、6、8、12、16和24 h采集小鼠血液,应用全自动动物血液细胞分析仪检测感染小鼠的白细胞总数、淋巴细胞数、单核细胞数和粒细胞数,记录并分析小鼠24 h内白细胞总数及其亚群的动态变化。结果表明：模型组小鼠白细胞总数及其亚群均呈先升高后降低的趋势,且白细胞总数和粒细胞数的变化幅度最明显,与空白对照组比较差异极显著（P<0.01）。说明感染沙门菌能够刺激小鼠机体产生免疫应答,影响血液中白细胞总数及其亚群的动态变化。     

猪3号染色体上与产仔性状和窝内仔猪初生重整齐度显著关联的标记鉴定

试验旨在寻找与猪产仔性状和窝内仔猪初生重整齐度显著关联的分子标记,为猪繁殖性状的遗传改良提供依据。在课题组前期进行的猪全基因组清扫分析的基础上,选定猪3号染色体上的2个SNPs位点（rs338309012和rs335824784）,利用目标序列捕获测序分型技术,在丹系大白猪和美系大白猪群中对这2个SNPs位点与猪产仔性状（包括总产仔数、产活仔数、死胎及木乃伊胎数等）及窝内仔猪初生重整齐度进行关联分析。结果显示,rs338309012位点与总产仔数、木乃伊胎数显著关联（P<0.05）,AC基因型母猪的总产仔数、木乃伊胎数均显著高于CC基因型（P<0.05）;rs335824784位点与有效活仔数、木乃伊胎数显著关联（P<0.05）,与产活仔数和死胎数极显著关联（P<0.01）,不同基因型对产活仔数和有效活仔数的影响为GG > CG > CC,与之相反,对窝内仔猪初生重的变异系数、死胎及木乃伊胎数的影响为GG < CG < CC。因此,rs335824784位点GG基因型猪不仅产活仔数多,而且窝内仔猪初生重整齐,死胎和木乃伊胎数低,可以作为提高猪产仔性状和窝内仔猪初生重整齐度的分子标记。     

藏猪繁殖性状遗传参数分析

藏猪是中国特有的高原型地方猪种,本研究采用非求导约束最大似然（MTDFREML）方法对藏猪繁殖性状进行遗传分析。结果估算出藏猪乳头数、总产仔数、产活仔数、初生窝重、断奶仔数、断奶窝重的遗传力分别为0.36、0.12、0.10、0.13、0.09和0.12,乳头数与断奶窝重、初生窝重和断奶仔数存在明显的遗传力相关。     

基于ImageJ图像处理技术检测家蚕一代杂交种的良卵数和良卵率

家蚕一代杂交种的良卵数、良卵率是蚕种品质检验的2项重要指标。为了提高检验效率,利用ImageJ图像处理软件建立检测家蚕一代杂交种良卵数、良卵率的新方法。分别利用这种图像处理方法和人工计数方法检测12个家蚕品种的蚕卵样本每克蚕卵的良卵数、总卵数,采用新方法检测获得的结果数据的相对误差均<1%。对2种方法获取的每克蚕卵良卵数、总卵数数据进行t测验,其t值均小于t0.05(22)=2.074,说明2种检测方法获取的检测结果差异不显著。相关性分析表明,利用2种检测方法对每克蚕卵良卵数、总卵数的检测结果的相关系数分别为0.9979、0.9982,2种检测方法获得的结果数据间呈极显著的线性相关。与人工计数检测方法相比,采用ImageJ图像处理技术的检测方法具有方便快捷的特点,可用于生产上家蚕一代杂交种的良卵数、良卵率检测。     

复州牛超数排卵效果研究

为了建立一个合理有效的复州牛超数排卵方案,获得更多更优的胚胎,长期保存复州牛的基因,试验从不同批次、哺乳情况、不同来源促卵泡素(FSH)、不同FSH剂量等方面分析了47头复州牛超数排卵效果.结果表明,经超数排卵处理的复州牛头均回收卵数7.98枚,其中头均有效胚数4.62枚;供体牛体况好、超数排卵方案细化的第3批次效果最好,头均有效胚数8.25枚,显著高于第1批次(2.00枚)和第2批次(2.79枚)(P <0.05);未哺乳牛头均黄体数、头均回收卵数和头均有效胚数分别为15.38个、7.63枚、5.75枚,极显著高于哺乳牛的10.64个、2.18枚、0.64枚(P <0.01);日本产FSH头均回收卵数、头均有效胚数分别为12.70和7.50枚,动物所产FSH分别为10.62和7.38枚,二者间差异不显著(P >0.05);动物所产FSH的适宜剂量为每头8.8 mg,头均有效胚数7.38枚,有效胚率为69%.通过优化复州牛的超数排卵方案,取得了理想的超数排卵效果.     

Identification of Markers Significantly Associated with Litter Size Traits and Uniformity of the Piglet's Birth Weight on Porcine Chromosome 3

This study was aimed to find the molecular markers significantly associated with litter size traits and uniformity of the piglet's birth weight,and provided a basis for genetic improvement of reproductive traits in pigs.This study was based on the genome-wide selective sweep analysis of pig conducted by the research group in the previous studies,two SNPs (rs338309012 and rs335824784) on porcine chromosome 3 were selected,and the genotyping-in-thousand by sequencing was used,the relationship between two SNPs and litter size traits (including total number born,total number born alive,number of stillborn pigs and number of mummified pigs,etc.) and the uniformity of the piglet's birth weight was association analyzed in Danish Yorkshire and American Yorkshire pigs.The results showed that rs338309012 were significantly associated with the total number born and the number of mummified pigs (P<0.05),and the total number born and the number of mummified pigs of AC genotype sows was significantly higher than CC genotype (P<0.05).rs335824784 was significantly associated with the effective number of born alive and the number of mummified pigs (P<0.05),and was also extremely significantly associated with the total number born alive and the number of stillborn pigs (P<0.01).The effect of different genotypes on the total number born alive and effective number of born alive were GG > CG > CC.On the contrary,the effect of different genotypes on the coefficient of variation of the birth weight of piglets,the number of dead and mummified fetuses were GG < CG < CC.Thus,the GG genotype sows with rs335824784 not only had more total number born alive,but also had regular piglet's birth weight and lower number of stillborn and mummified pigs,which could be used as a molecular marker to improve the litter size traits and uniformity of the piglet's birth weight.