沿海滩涂甜高梁秸秆贮藏方法探讨

以甜高粱品种ST008为试验品种,采用三种贮藏方式进行比较试验,测定茎秆贮藏过程中水分、糖分的变化。结果表明:甜高粱茎秆留叶留穗根部浸水"尖塔型竖放"贮藏方式具有茎秆水分散失少,糖分下降平缓的优点,是沿海滩涂地区甜高粱茎秆冬季贮藏的较好方法。     

甜高粱品种(系)主要性状间关系的初步研究

通过对当地15个有代表性的甜高粱品种(系)生育性状、产量性状和品质性状之间关系进行研究,表明甜高粱具有较高的生物产量(平均59169kg/hm2,最高92812.5kg/hm2),茎秆汁液中的糖分含量平均12.29%(最高15.15%);甜高粱茎粗与产量性状呈显著正相关,与糖分含量呈负相关。     

试论我国高梁产业发展——三论甜高梁能源业的发展

越来越多的国家和国际组织关注甜高粱能源产业的发展,并制定了其能源产业的发展规划。甜高粱作为高效能源作物,具有光和效率高,生物产量高,乙醇转化率高,综合价值高,可以利用边际性土地种植,不与粮争地等优势,是目前最有发展潜力的能源作物。对在甜高粱能源发展中存在的,缺少高糖抗倒甜高粱品种,原料茎秆收割数量大、时间集中、难于贮存,高效乙醇发酵技术等问题,应加快研究的步伐,依靠科技进步促进甜高粱能源业的发展。     

茎秆高糖的能源玉米新品种选育研究

利用茎秆含糖量高的玉米自交系进行了能源玉米新品种的选育研究。结果表明:①津259、津1009、津1112、津2122、津单2号5个品种的茎秆产量、茎秆含糖量、子粒产量综合表现较好,可作为生产燃料乙醇的材料进一步试验;②玉米茎秆含糖量性状可以达到或超过甜高梁水平;③玉米各节间的含糖量变化比甜高粱相对稳定。     

甜高粱的用途及其发展前景

甜高粱也叫芦粟、甜秫秸、甜秆和糖高粱,为粒用高粱的一个变种.甜高粱同普通高粱一样,能结出3 000～7 500 kg/hm2的籽粒,但它的精华不在于籽粒,而在于它能产60 000～75 000 kg/hm2的富含糖分的茎秆.优良的甜高粱品种,具有生物学产量高,茎秆多糖多汁,抗逆性强,适应性广等多种优势.甜高粱含糖量可与甘蔗相媲美,是近年来国内外一种新型的糖料作物、能源作物和优良的饲料作物.由于它栽培容易,用途广泛,因而受到许多国家的重视.其发展前景是十分可观的.     

甜高粱的生产与利用

甜高粱的生产与利用崔玉华（河南农科院粮作所４５００２０）高粱以耐旱耐涝闻名，有人称之谓作物中的“骆驼”，意指特别耐旱。据试验每生产１ｋｇ籽粒耗水３００ｋｇ，耗水量较少。而甜高粱既耐旱又耐涝，其产草量也高于一般作物，而且茎秆中富含糖分既可制糖也可造酒转...     

刈割间隔时间对饲用型甜高粱产质量的影响

进行了饲用型甜高粱刈割两茬不同刈割间隔时间(72d和94d)对其产量、茎秆品质的影响试验。结果表明,采用间隔72d二茬刈割技术,有效地提高了饲用型甜高粱产量和茎秆品质,促进甜高粱饲用和糖用价值的合理利用。     

开发利用甜高梁解决能源危机确保粮食安全—《甜高粱》评介

甜高粱作为新兴的糖料、饲料和能源作物越来越受到人们的重视,引起一些国家政府和国际组织的关注。在世界能源紧张的情况下,生物质能源的研究与开发日益紧迫。甜高粱作为生物质能源作物无疑显示了诱人的前景。甜高粱茎秆中的糖经生物发酵转化为乙醇,乙醇混合到汽油中成为燃料。已有的生物质能源研究表明,     

种植密度对饲用型甜高粱产量及糖分的影响

将饲用型甜高粱BJ0603品种在武威地区设7个处理(8337、9809、11117、12827、16675、22233和33350株/667m2)的种植密度试验比较。通过测定各密度处理下的农艺性状(株高、茎粗、节数、收获秆数、分蘖数)及其鲜草产量和茎秆糖分,以期获得在武威地区推广种植的饲用型甜高粱适宜种植密度,为武威地区甜高粱产业的发展提供科学依据和技术指导。综合试验结果表明:饲用型甜高粱BJ0603品种在株距为15cm(11117穴/667m2)时产量和茎秆糖分都达到最高,分别达7321.44 kg/667m2和13.1%,其次为株距13cm(12827穴/667m2)的密度处理。因此,作为饲用型甜高粱BJ0603在株距为13cm~15cm(11117穴/667m2~12827穴/667m2)时种植效果最好,可以进行大面积的推广应用。     

高粱茎秆含糖量的遗传分析

有些高粱品种有两个方面的作用:从茎秆汁液中可提取糖分,种子可供消费。高粱茎秆糖分及其有关性状的遗传目前尚缺乏精细的了解。本试验旨在研究控制高粱茎秆含糖量及其有关性状遗传的基因作用性质。试验材料为7个甜高粱品种(SS4B、SS5B、SS6B、SS7B、SS11B、SS12B、SS14B)和4个粒用高粱测验种(296B、3660B,648B、2219B)。按品种×测验种的交配方式,用这     

Evaluation of performance of sorghum varieties grown in Tokyo for sugar accumulation and its correlation with vacuolar invertase genes SbInv1 and SbInv2

ABSTRACT

The sugar-accumulating potential of global and local sweet and grain sorghum varieties were tested under the local conditions. The basis for this study was the dependency of sugar accumulation on temperature and photoperiod. Thus, the efficacy of cultivars as a bioenergy source would need to be determined based on their performance under the local environmental conditions. A strong correlation of sucrose content with brix was observed, enabling large-scale screening of varieties for high sucrose content. The morphological characteristics inherent in sweet sorghum, such as tall stems, greater number of leaves and a longer vegetative period, were found to correlate with the total stem sugar content. Assessment of sugars along the stem revealed maximum sugar accumulation in the upper intermediate to upper internodes in most of the varieties tested. The maximum theoretical ethanol yield (MTEY), a function of brix and juice yield, was determined as a better indicator of testing the performance of a variety as a potential source of bioethanol, mainly due to a negative correlation of stem juiciness and sucrose content in the varieties tested. Further, the relative expression of vacuolar invertase genes, SbINV1 and SbINV2, was studied, and a strong negative correlation of SbINV2 to stem sucrose content was observed. This reveals a possibility of involvement of vacuolar invertase gene, SbINV2, in sugar accumulation in sweet sorghum stems, and as a key candidate for molecular breeding studies for higher stem sugar content.     

12个甜高粱品种在重庆地区的生产力和总糖含量表现

通过对12个供试甜高粱品种（组合）茎秆的鲜产量、总糖含量、总糖产量和籽粒产量的比较,结果为：茎秆鲜产量以A4为最高,达到41 385.0 kg/hm2,茎秆总糖含量以A9为最高,达到11.26%,茎秆总糖产量以A9为最高,达到4 285.4 kg/hm2,籽粒产量以A12为最高,达到2 723.4 kg/hm2。综合评价初步认为,在12个供试品种（组合）中,以A9组合和A3品种比较适合在重庆做生物质能源原料。     

Processing of materials derived from sweet sorghum for biobased products

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is particularly suitable as a feedstock for a variety of bioprocesses, largely because of its high yields of both lignocellulosic biomass and fermentable saccharides. Sweet sorghum is less economically important for refined sugar production than other sugar crops, e.g., sugar beet and sugarcane, but can produce more raw fermentable sugar under marginal conditions than those crops. In this review, the agronomic requirements of sorghum (viz., water, soil, and nutrient requirements), cultural practices, and plant morphology are discussed from a bioprocessing perspective. Historically, sugar extraction from the plant in the form of juice has been of primary interest; these methods, along with modern developments are presented. Recently, the direct yeast fermentation of sorghum juice for ethanol production has been studied. Additionally, the bagasse resulting from the juice extraction has been used for a variety of potential products: forage, silage, combustion energy, synthesis gas, and paper. The bagasse contains high levels of relatively low crystallinity cellulose, along with relatively labile lignin, and so is itself of interest as a fermentation feedstock. Whole sorghum stalk, and its bagasse, have been subjected to studies of a wide array of pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation processes. The potential fermentation products of sweet sorghum are wide ranging; those demonstrated include ethanol, acetone, butanol, various lipids, lactic acid, hydrogen, and methane. Several potential native products of the plant, in addition to cellulose for paper production, are also identified: waxes, proteins, and allelopathic compounds, such as sorgoleone.     

能源用甜高粱杂交种辽甜3号选育报告

辽甜3号由国家高粱改良中心（沈阳）以自选不育系7050A为母本,自选甜高粱恢复系LTR108为父本组配而成。该杂交种含糖量高、茎汁丰富、产量潜力大,综合抗性好,是能源专用甜高粱杂交种。辽甜3号的育成,为我国甜高粱转化燃料乙醇产业的快速发展提供了强有力的品种和技术支撑。     

Sweet sorghum productivity for biofuels under increased soil salinity and reduced irrigation

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) is a drought-tolerant crop with high resistance to saline-alkaline soils, and sweet sorghum may serve as an alternative summer crop for biofuel production in areas where irrigation water is limited. A two-year study was conducted in Northern Greece to assess the productivity (biomass, juice, total sugar and theoretical ethanol yields) of four sweet sorghum cultivars (Sugar graze, M-81E, Urja and Topper-76-6), one grain sorghum cultivar (KN-300) and one grass sorghum cultivar (Susu) grown in intermediate (3.2 dS m⁻¹) or in high (6.9 dS m⁻¹) soil salinity with either low (120 mm) or intermediate (210 mm) irrigation water supply (supplemented with 142–261 mm of rainfall during growth). The soil salinity and irrigation water supply effects on the sorghum chlorophyll content index, photosystem II quantum yield, stomatal conductance and leaf K/Na ratio were also determined. The sorghum emergence averaged 75,083 plants ha⁻¹ and 59,917 plants ha⁻¹ in a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹ and 6.9 dS m⁻¹, respectively. The most affected cultivar, as averaged across the two soil salinity levels, was the Susu grass sorghum emerging at 53,250 plants ha⁻¹, followed by the Topper-76-6 sweet sorghum emerging at 61,250 plants ha⁻¹. The leaf K/Na ratio decreased with decreasing irrigation water supply, in most cases, but it was not significantly affected by soil salinity. The dry biomass, juice and total sugar yields of sorghum that received 210 mm of irrigation water was 49–88% greater than the yields of sorghum that received the 120 mm of irrigation water. Sorghum plants grown in a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹ produced 42–58% greater dry biomass, juice and total sugar yields than the yields of sorghum plants grown in a soil salinity of 6.9 dS m⁻¹. The greatest theoretical ethanol yield was produced by sweet sorghum plants grown in a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹ with 210 mm of irrigation water (6130 L ha⁻¹, as averaged across cultivar), and the Urja and Sugar graze cultivars produced the most ethanol (7620 L ha⁻¹ and 6528 L ha⁻¹, respectively). Conclusively, sweet sorghum provided sufficient juice, total sugar and ethanol yields in fields with a soil salinity of 3.2 dS m⁻¹, even if the plants received 50–75% of the irrigation water typically applied to sorghum.     

Application of very high gravity technology to the cofermentation of sweet stem sorghum juice and sorghum grain

Ethanol production from mixtures of sweet stem sorghum juice and sorghum grain was investigated under normal and very high gravity (VHG) fermentation conditions. Fermentation was carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strain N96 at 30°C. For VHG fermentation, sucrose was added to the sweet sorghum juice to obtain a concentration of 34 g per 100 ml of dissolved solids. Fermentation was carried out for 96 h using malted and unmalted milled sorghum grain from sorghum cultivars DC-75 and SV-2. Under VHG conditions, maximum ethanol levels were about 16.8% (v/v) and 11% (v/v) for media containing malted and unmalted milled sorghum grain, respectively. Although fermentation did not occur to completion, levels of ethanol obtained under VHG conditions were three times higher than the levels obtained under normal fermentation conditions. Under VHG conditions, about 8 g/100 ml of dissolved solids remained in the fermentation media after ethanol production had ceased while under normal fermentation conditions, about 4 g/100 ml of dissolved solids remained unused in the fermentation media. There was an initial decline in free amino nitrogen (FAN) levels up to 34 h followed by an increase up to 96 h under VHG fermentation conditions. Levels of assayable proanthocyanidins (PAs) from sorghum cultivar DC-75 were reduced during fermentation.     

Thin-layer drying kinetics and quality changes of sweet sorghum stalk for ethanol production as affected by drying temperature

The chopped sweet sorghum stalk was thin-layer-dried for long-term storage and ethanol production. The drying kinetics and the effects of drying temperature on the qualities of sweet sorghum stalk were investigated in this work. The results showed that the drying process could be simulated well by Wang and Singh's model. The diffusivity constant (D₀) and active energy (E_a) were estimated as 4.4 × 10⁻⁵ m²/s and 21.4 kJ/(mol K) for drying the chopped fresh stalk. According to the sugar composition, browning degree, and fermentability of the dried stalk obtained at various temperatures, the approximate drying temperature could be suggested as 50-60 °C for application. In this range, the moisture of the chopped fresh stalk could drop below the safe moisture for storage in 7-5.5 h with 12.1-9.7% total sugar loss during the drying process.     

甜高粱主要农艺性状的主成分分析

对国内外194份甜高粱品种进行了10个主要农艺性状调查。采用主成分分析,发现穗重、生育期、生物产量、穗长、茎粗、分蘖及含糖量等7个因子为农艺性状的主成分。在甜高粱育种中应加强生物产量选择,适当考虑含糖量及生育期,但穗重、分蘖和茎粗不宜过高,并且穗长越短越好。研究结果将为甜高粱的品种改良和创新提供理论依据。     

收获时期与分蘖去留对饲用甜高粱产量及含糖的影响

就不同收获时期分蘖去留对饲用甜高粱产量及含糖率的影响进行田间试验,结果表明,饲用甜高粱保留分蘖不同收获时期平均产量126.37t/hm2,较掰除分蘖增产24.5%。随着收获时间的延迟,产量、茎秆含糖率均呈上升状态,收获时期以10月10日最佳,分蘖去留平均产量和茎秆含糖率分别达131.74t/hm2和11.45%；霜冻后产量大幅下降,降幅达25.7%~30.7%。     

Ethanol production from supercritical-fluid-extrusion cooked sorghum

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a starch-rich grain similar to maize (Zea mays L.), but sorghum has been underutilized for biobased products and bioenergy. This study was designed to investigate the effects of supercritical-fluid-extrusion (SCFX) of sorghum on ethanol production. Morphology, chemical composition, and thermal properties of extruded sorghum were characterized. Analysis of extruded sorghum showed increased measurable starch content, free sugar content, and high levels of gelatinized starch. SCFX cooked and non-extruded sorghum were further liquefied, saccharified, and fermented to ethanol by using Saccharomyces cervisiae. The ethanol yield increased as sorghum concentration increased from 20 to 40% for both extruded and non-extruded sorghum. Ethanol yields from SCFX cooked sorghum were significantly greater than that from non-extruded sorghum (>5%).