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1.
Eiko Hanzawa Kazuhiro Sasaki Shinsei Nagai Mitsuhiro Obara Yoshimichi Fukuta Yusaku Uga Akio Miyao Hirohiko Hirochika Atsushi Higashitani Masahiko Maekawa Tadashi Sato 《Rice》2013,6(1):30
Background
Root system architecture is an important trait affecting the uptake of nutrients and water by crops. Shallower root systems preferentially take up nutrients from the topsoil and help avoid unfavorable environments in deeper soil layers. We have found a soil-surface rooting mutant from an M2 population that was regenerated from seed calli of a japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. In this study, we examined the genetic and physiological characteristics of this mutant.Results
The primary roots of the mutant showed no gravitropic response from the seedling stage on, whereas the gravitropic response of the shoots was normal. Segregation analyses by using an F2 population derived from a cross between the soil-surface rooting mutant and wild-type Nipponbare indicated that the trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated as sor1. Fine mapping by using an F2 population derived from a cross between the mutant and an indica rice cultivar, Kasalath, revealed that sor1 was located within a 136-kb region between the simple sequence repeat markers RM16254 and 2935-6 on the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 4, where 13 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were found. We sequenced these ORFs and detected a 33-bp deletion in one of them, Os04g0101800. Transgenic plants of the mutant transformed with the genomic fragment carrying the Os04g0101800 sequence from Nipponbare showed normal gravitropic responses and no soil-surface rooting.Conclusion
These results suggest that sor1, a rice mutant causing soil-surface rooting and altered root gravitropic response, is allelic to Os04g0101800, and that a 33-bp deletion in the coding region of this gene causes the mutant phenotypes. 相似文献2.
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《中国水稻研究通报》1999,(4)
By crossing homologuos triploid plants derivedfrom twin-seedlings with diploid plants,manykinds of aneuploid were produced as expectedbecause the abnormal chromosome pairing oc- curred in triploid itself and F_1.In the mean- time,we also obtained a few normal developeddiploid F_1 plants.The self progeny(F_2)showed agronomic stability,checked withSSLP and RFLP markers.It was found thatthe F_1 was non-segregated hybrid.In thisstudy,the triploid served as male parent andthe diploid indica rice variety R725 served as 相似文献
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We constructed a near isogenic line of rolled leaf gene Rl(t), which expressed incompletely dominance for the character of rolled leaf(RL), with genetic background of Zhenshan 97B. Using RL Zhenshan 97B and the original Zhenshan 97B as the female parents,and Minghui 63 and Yanhui 559 as the male parents, crosses of RL Shanyou 63 (RS63) and Shanyou 63(S63), RL Shanyou 559 ( RS559) and Shanyou 559 (S559) were made. Inheritance and effects of Rl(t) in hybrid rice were studied at the flowering and at the 20 d after flowering, respectively. Results were as follows: 相似文献
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《中国水稻研究通报》1999,(3)
Glabrous rice is characterized by its smoothand hairness leaves and husks,mainly dis- tributed in America,Africa,and Yunnan andGuizhou provinces of China.It has the charac- teristics of strong stem,high endurance tolodging,good compatibility,high grain quali-ty,and high yield,and is propitious to themachanized harvest.The Glabrous rice hasbeen proved to be plant population of superior- ity,which could be used as germplasm re- 相似文献
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Yadav SK Pandey P Kumar B Suresh BG 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(9):540-545
This study has been conducted to determine the extent of genetic association between yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and its components. The present experiment was carried out with 40 Rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes which were evaluated in a randomized block design with 3 replications during wet season of 2007 and 2008. Results showed that sufficient amount of variability was found in the entire gene pool for all traits studied. Higher magnitude of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation was recorded for seed yield, harvest index, biological yield, number of spikelets per panicle, flag leaf length, plant height and number of tillers indicates that these characters are least influence by environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was registered for seed yield, harvest index, number of spikelets per panicle, biological yield and flag leaf length, suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. Grain yield was significantly and positively associated with harvest index, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per plant, panicle length, number of spikelet's per panicle and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient analysis revealed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and test weight had direct positive effect on seed yield, indicating these are the main contributors to yield. From this study it may be concluded that harvest index, number of tillers per hill, panicle length and number of spikelet per panicle and test weight are the most important characters that contributed directly to yield. Thus, these characters may serve selection criteria for improving genetic potential of rice. 相似文献
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Tomoyuki Katsube-Tanaka Nadar Khan Satoru Yamaguchi Takeshi Yamaguchi Shuichi Iida 《Plant Production Science》2016,19(3):401-410
Multigenic glutelins and monogenic globulin are major storage proteins accumulating in vacuole-derived protein body (PB-II) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seeds. Because their interplay in PB-II formation was scarcely known, the effect of globulin-less mutation on glutelin accumulation was investigated. In globulin-less mutants, no phenotypic defect was found in seed and plant growth, while PB-II was deformed and apparent glutelin composition was changed, producing new glutelin α polypeptides X1–X5. 2D-PAGE of different combinations of globulin-less and glutelin subunit mutations suggested that the X1/X2, X3, and X4/X5 were derived from glutelin GluB1/GluB2/GluB4, GluA3, and GluA1/GluA2 subunits, respectively. Western blot with glutelin GluB4 subunit-specific and its variable region discriminable antibodies indicated at least in part the new spots X1/X2 are partially degraded products of GluB4 α polypeptides by the removal of 2–39 residues from C-terminus. Time course experiments with maturing seeds indicated the partial degradation of GluB4 occurred earlier (from 7 days after flowering) and higher than that of GluA1/GluA2. Considering the above results together with the fact that globulin accumulates at the periphery of PB-II and its absence produces deformed PB-II, globulin protects glutelins from proteinase digestion and thereby facilitates stable glutelin accumulation. 相似文献
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Weedy rice is a great threat to rice production in Sri Lanka. Selective herbicides to manage weedy rice in conventional rice cultivars are not available in Sri Lanka. In the absence of appropriate chemical control measures, cultural approaches may help to achieve effective control of weedy rice. A study was conducted in two consecutive seasons in farmers' fields at three sites (Atalla, Samanthurai, and Girithale villages) in Sri Lanka to evaluate the effect of different establishment methods (farmers' practice, random broadcast, row seeding, seedling broadcast, and transplanted rice) on weedy rice infestation and rice yield. The farmers' practice had a higher number of weedy rice panicles (60–80 m−2) than the random broadcast (39–48 panicles m−2), seedling broadcast (3–15 panicles m−2), and transplanted rice (1.3–3.0 panicles m−2) methods. The use of clean rice seeds in the random broadcast method reduced weedy rice seed production by 29–41% compared with the farmers' practice (0.6–2.0 t ha−1). Compared with the farmers' practice, the seedling broadcast method reduced weedy rice seed production by 71–87% and transplanted rice by 95–98%; and increased rice yield by 27–49% (7.5–9.1 t ha−1). At all three sites, the farmers' practice resulted in the lowest grain yield (5.1–6.7 t ha−1). Compared with the farmers' practice, the random broadcast and row seeding methods increased rice yield by up to 21% and 31%, respectively. The findings suggest that the use of clean rice seeds, the use of a row-seeded crop, and the adoption of different rice planting methods may help to suppress the spread of weedy rice. 相似文献
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Developing more competitive rice cultivars could help improve weed management and reduce dependency on herbicides. To achieve this goal, an understanding of key traits related to competitiveness is critical. Experiments were conducted at Gelemen and Bafra districts of Samsun province in Turkey between 2008 and 2009 to measure the competitiveness of rice cultivars against Echinochloa crus-galli, a problematic weed in rice fields. Five rice cultivars (Osmancık, Kızılırmak, Karadeniz, Koral and Neğiş) and five E. crus-galli densities (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 plants m−2) were used. Koral produced significantly more tillers than the other cultivars irrespective of E. crus-galli densities and reduced E. crus-galli tiller production by about 29.5% at Gelemen and 15.8% at Bafra at the highest weed density. E. crus-galli interference reduced rice height and there was a density dependent relationship. Koral was the most competitive cultivar; it maintained high biomass accumulation in early growth stages and suffered smaller reductions in plant height in the presence of E. crus-galli, compared to the other cultivars. In the absence of weed competition, Koral and Neğiş produced the highest yields at both locations. Stepwise regression analyses of the combined data from both years showed tillering capacity, early growth crop biomass, and plant height were critical traits related to competitiveness. These traits should be considered by plant breeders in their efforts to develop rice cultivars with enhanced competitiveness against weeds. Development of such cultivars could substantially reduce herbicide and labor inputs for rice production. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2004,40(2):109-114
Identification and mapping of genomic regions controlling quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was undertaken to determine the genomic regions associated with milling traits in rice to facilitate breeding of new rice varieties with high milling quality. The recombinant inbred (RI) population used was derived from cross of a japonica variety, ‘Asominori’, with an indica variety, ‘IR24’ through 289 RFLP markers. Three milling traits, namely, brown rice percentage (BRP), milled rice percentage (MRP), and milled head rice percentage (MHP), which are the main indicators of milling quality in rice, were estimated for each RI line and their parental varieties. Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of three milling traits were observed in the RI population, showing that the three traits were quantitatively inherited. Two QTLs (qBRP-9 and qBRP-10) for BRP were identified and mapped to chromosomes 9 and 10, and explained 7.2 and 21.3% of the total phenotype variation, respectively. Two QTLs (qMRP-11 and qMRP-12) governing MRP were detected and mapped to chromosomes 11 and 12, accounted for 12.2 and 7.7% of total phenotype variation, respectively. In addition, three QTLs (qMHP-1, qMHP-3 and qMHP-5) controlling MHP were observed and mapped to chromosomes 1, 3 and 5, and explained 16.0, 22.1 and 8.7% of the total phenotype variation, respectively. Among them, five QTLs (qBRP-9, qBRP-10, qMRP-11, qMHP-3 and qMHP-5) from japonica parent, Asominori, and two QTLs (qMRP-12, qMHP-1) from indica IR24 can improve milling quality in rice. The results and the tightly linked molecular markers that flank the QTL will be useful in breeding for improvement of milling quality in rice. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》1998,59(1):31-41
The critical nitrogen concentration of a plant can be defined as the minimum nitrogen concentration required for maximum growth rate at any time. It has been suggested that the relationship between the critical N concentration and dry matter per unit ground area for a wide range of crops is the same and is independent of climatic zone. Results presented in this paper support the concept of a critical N-dilution curve for yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.), which may be independent of climatic zone. The similarity between the nitrogen dilution curves for temperate and tropical environments indicates that there is no intrinsic difference in the ratio of carbon-to-nitrogen capture in those environments even though the final aboveground biomasses differed. Both the rate and duration of resource capture are probably limiting yields in tropical environments. In order to break through the current ceiling-yield barrier of approximately 10 t grain ha−1 in the tropics, superior germplasm must be lodging resistant and capable of acquiring 144 kg N ha−1 (N0.5) in the first 35 days following transplanting. An examination of the rates of nitrogen acquisition indicated that more emphasis must be placed on providing sufficient nitrogen during the early stage of crop growth if higher yields are to be obtained. The time course of nitrogen accumulation by the aboveground biomass was calculated for weights greater than 1 t ha−1; at weights less than this there were insufficient data to make calculations. At weights of aboveground biomass greater than 1 t ha−1, the rate of nitrogen acquisition per unit ground area declined. The decline probably reflected a lowering in crop demand for soil nitrogen caused by the internal cycling of nitrogen from aging to young developing tissues; roots' age may also play a part in the decline. The estimated rate of demand for nitrogen by the panicle exceeded the rate at which the aboveground biomass acquired it, emphasizing the importance of having a large `reservoir' of nitrogen in vegetative tissues. Such a reservoir would ensure that the nitrogen demand of the panicle could be met without causing the photosynthetic capacity of the crop to prematurely lose its ability to meet the carbohydrate demand of the panicle. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2013,57(3):706-712
Allele mining in starch synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) has facilitated the discovery of desired natural sequence variations for eating quality in rice. This study investigated the sequence variations from 10 SSRGs, and further evaluated their relationship with the amylose content (AC) and rapid viscosity analysis profiles in a global collection of rice accessions by association mapping (AM). In total, 83 sequence variations were found in 10 sequenced amplicons, including 73 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), eight insertion-deletions (InDels) and two polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Four subpopulations were identified by population structure analysis based on 170 genome-wide SSR genotypes. AM revealed 11 significant associations between three phenotypic indices and three sequence variations. One SNP with a g/c transversion at the 63rd nucleotide downstream of the OsBEIIb gene termination codon on rice chromosome 2 was significantly associated with multiple trait indices in both the general linear and mixed linear models (GLM and MLM), including the final viscosity (p < 0.001, R2 = 23.87%) in both 2009 and 2010, and AC (p < 0.01, R2 = 11.25%) and trough viscosity (p < 0.01, R2 = 20.43) in 2010. This study provides a new perspective of allele mining for breeding strategies based on marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
15.
Rice is the most important and staple cereal in Bhutan, currently grown over an area of 19,549 hectares with a total production of 77,038 tonnes. However, its yield is limited in certain regions due to weed competition with losses of up to 50% reported through infestation from both annual and perennial weeds. In this article, we describe the current weed management practices in rice in Bhutan and identify challenges and prospects to guide future weed control research given that weed science in Bhutan is in its infancy. Generally, the most common form of weed control is hand weeding. However, herbicide use is also increasing as farmers face labour shortages on farms and realize the benefits of herbicides, especially in reducing the time taken to weed crops. But the continued use of the single chemical butachlor is a concern given the possible development of herbicide resistance. Research priorities for weed management in rice in Bhutan include a systematic assessment of crop yield losses; prioritization of weed importance and species shifts; mechanical and cultural alternatives to hand weeding; herbicide resistance testing and management; collective community approaches to area-wide management; and weed management options to suit alternative rice production systems. The ecology and management of the perennial semi-aquatic Potamogeton distinctus needs serious attention owing to its prevalence in major rice areas and potential alone to cause significant yield losses of up to 37%. The successful experiences and challenges in neighbouring Asian countries should also help to guide future weed control research in Bhutan. 相似文献
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Pheng Sengxua Benjamin K. Samson Chay Bounphanousay Sisavanh Xayavong Khamsouk Douangboupha Dome Harnpichitvitaya 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):477-484
Genotype by environment (G×E) interactions for grain yield were investigated in 14 rice genotypes across eight rainfed lowland field environments in Lao PDR, in order to identify stable adapted cultivars for improved farmer livelihood and food security. G×E accounted for 20.3% of the total variance, with three vectors from ordination analysis accounting for 75.1% of the G×E-SS, in 6 genotype?×?6 environment groups. PCA1 indicated water-limited yield potential, PCA2 pre-flowering stress and PCA3 post-flowering stress. Genotype groups (G1–G6) differed in adaptation to these environments. G5 (VT450-2 and TSN9) were widely adapted and high-yielding. G6 (TDK11 and TDK37) were also high-yielding, topping the rankings in three environment groups, but yielded less in Phalanxay 2012 and Phalanxay 2011, where their phenology was unstable under stress. Other genotype groups showed specific adaptations, but failed to exceed yields of G5 and G6. Hence, VT450-2 and TSN9 (G5) were the preferred genotypes for rainfed lowland in southern Lao PDR, due to their high and stable grain yields. Stability in flowering time and high yield in rainfall deficit were desirable traits for improved farmer livelihood and food security. 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2006,95(2-3):420-425
Excess zinc harms the growth of rice plants and zinc toxicity can easily occur in acid soils. The aim of the study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice for tolerance to zinc toxicity, using a recombinant inbred (RI) population derived from the cross of a japonica variety (Asominori: relatively tolerant to Zn2+ toxicity) with an indica variety (IR24, relatively susceptible), through 289 RFLP markers. The index scores of damage (representing Zn2+ toxicity tolerance), after irrigating rice seedlings with a 1000-ppm Zn2+ solution for 20 successive days, were examined for each RI line and its parental varieties. Continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of the index scores were observed in the RI population, suggesting that Zn2+ toxicity tolerance was a quantitatively inherited trait. Three QTLs for Zn2+ toxicity tolerance were detected on chromosomes 1, 3 and 10 and explained 21.9, 8.9 and 7.6%, respectively, of the total phenotypic variation. The results and the tightly linked molecular markers that flank the QTLs, detected in this study, will be useful in improving Zn2+ tolerance in rice. In addition, the genomic positions between QTLs for Zn2+ toxicity tolerance and the QTLs for other metal (Fe2+, Mn2+, Al3+) toxicity tolerances, from previous studies, are discussed. 相似文献