猪囊尾蚴寄生部位调查

猪囊屠蚴作为肉品检验的重点项目之一,其检验部位以寄生部位为主,如咬肌、股内侧肌、腰肌、臀肌、肩胛外侧肌.而这些部位的检出率据统计只达到88%.但是,在实际检验中,臀肌和肩胛外侧肌通常无法实行检验操作.如将颈部和膈肌作为补充检验部位,可以使囊尾蚴的检出率提高到94%.所以,在可能的情况下,扩大对囊尾蚴寄生部位检验面,或者在进行肉品分割时实行复检,可以提高检验准确率.     

旋毛虫检验方法

旋毛形线虫 (ＴｒｉｃｈｉｎｅｌｌａＳｐｉｒａｌｉｓ)简称旋毛虫 ,是一种重要的人畜共患病 ,对人类威胁很大。因此 ,旋毛虫检疫在动物产品检疫工作中具有重要意义。黑龙江省地方标准─ＧＢ2 3/46 81997(畜禽屠宰检疫规范 )中规定旋毛虫的常规检验方法为显微镜检查法。国外将酶联免疫吸附试验 (ＥＬＩＳＡ)和间接血凝试验列为猪宰前常规的检查方法。现将上述几种检验方法分述如下。1　显微镜检查　肉样采集 :在猪体左、右膈肌切小块肉样 ,撕去肌膜与脂肪 ,细看有无可疑的旋毛虫病灶。一般膈肌检出率最高 ,颈肌、舌肌、肋间肌次之。耻骨和肌…     

猪旋毛虫检验方法探析

随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对肉品卫生安全甚为关注。猪的旋毛虫病是一种人畜共患寄生虫病,旋毛虫的宿主是猪和犬,旋毛虫病猪肉对人的危害十分严重,现介绍几种检验方法,供参考。1旋毛虫镜检法旋毛虫镜检法,具体操作方法是:从膈肌或其它规定部位取4～5克肉样,每一肉样剪取12块如麦粒大小的肉,压在两玻片之间,用旋毛虫镜检器或显微镜观察。2旋毛虫的“目检法”“目检法”即用眼睛观察肉样来检验旋毛虫。旋毛虫幼虫感染猪体后,大约21天至7个月形成钙化,肉眼观察即能检出。具体操作法是:取新鲜横膈膜肌脚,撕去肌膜,肌肉纵向拉平,然后在光线较…     

动物宰前、宰后旋毛虫病的检验

动物旋毛虫病是由旋毛虫引起的人畜共患病。成虫（肠旋毛虫）寄生在哺乳动物的肠内，幼虫（肌旋毛虫）寄生在肌肉组织中且形成包囊，猪、狗等多种动物易感。目前因为屠宰生猪来源广泛，品种繁多，使得旋毛虫的检出率明显提高，狗肉中旋毛虫的检出率也高达20％～50％。本病对人体的危害较大，严重时肌肉旋毛虫病可致人死亡，因此肉品检验将其列为重点检验项目。     

猪旋毛虫检验方法探析

随着人民生活水平的提高,人们对肉品卫生安全和身体健康甚为关注。猪的旋毛虫病是一种人畜共患寄生虫病,严重危害人畜健康。旋毛虫病的宿主是猪和犬,旋毛虫猪肉是人旋毛虫的重要传染来源。旋毛虫猪肉快速检验是防止旋毛虫病既经济又可靠的办法,现介绍几种检验方法,供参考。1旋毛虫镜检法旋毛虫镜检法,是一种检验肉品中有无旋毛虫的传统方法,具体操作方法是:从膈肌或其它规定部位取4～5g肉样,从每一肉样剪取12块如麦粒大小的肉,压在两玻片之间,目镜用旋毛虫镜检器或显微镜将视野投放到屏幕上观察。2旋毛虫的“目检法”“目检法”即用眼睛观察…     

一例非典型猪囊虫病的检验

猪囊虫病是重要的人畜共患寄生虫病 ,也是肉品卫生检验的必检项目。其病原猪囊尾蚴多寄生于咬肌、腰肌、舌肌、臀肌、膈肌和肩胛肌等处。肉眼观察 ,囊尾蚴呈米粒大小 ,外观椭圆 ,囊内充满液体 ,壁上有一个米粒大小的乳白色头节。一般在检验过程中 ,只要具备这些特征均不难判断 ,但有时在检验过程中也会遇到特殊情况 ,常会误判漏检。最近我们在检验过程中遇到一例非典型病例 ,现报告如下。2 0 0 2年 12月 6日 ,在建邺区所属肉类市场屠宰检验过程中发现 1头猪肉 ,检验法定部位均正常 ,但在检查右侧股内侧肌时 ,发现一可疑情况。肌肉剖面有一个…     

武威市狗旋毛虫感染情况调查

武威市约有18万农户,养狗约7万多只。1985年武威市罐头厂开始狗肉罐头生产,由中心肉检室检验。3年来共检验3190只,检出旋毛虫743例,检出率为23.29%。现将情况介绍如下: 一、检验方法以肉眼检查为主,通过镜检确定。先采取两侧膈肌脚,用手拉平,去肌膜,暴露肌肉纤维,肉眼     

用JTT—560型工业投影仪检验狗肉旋毛虫

用ＪＴＴ－５６０型工业投影仪替代光学显微镜检验狗肉旋毛虫，经１８年对１６６６７只白条狗肉膈肌样品的检验，并与光学显微镜检验进行对比试验表明，投影仪检验可提高阳性检出率２．０８％，且不易漏检，检出包囊数量较多，并可提高检验工作效率５０倍以上。本法具有简便、快速、省时、省力、实用和便于推广等优点     

猪囊虫病的感官检验

猪囊虫病又称＂豆猪肉＂、＂米猪肉＂,是由有钩绦虫（猪带绦虫）的幼虫（猪囊虫）引起的人、猪共患寄生虫病。成虫寄生在人的小肠;幼虫寄生在猪的肌肉组织,有时也寄生于实质器官和脑中。因为猪囊虫主要寄生在咬肌、膈肌、腰肌、肩胛外侧肌、股部内侧肌、脏器中以心肌为常见,所以这些部位在宰后为重点检验部位。     

对猪肉囊虫病的检验和卫生处理意见

<正> 1、本病的检验部位、按商品卫生检验试行规程规定: 猪主要检验部位为咬肌、深腰肌和膈肌,其他可检验心肌、肩甲外侧肌和股部内侧肌。但是多年来肉联厂、屠宰场等单位只检验咬肌、深腰肌和膈肌、心肌,而不检验肩甲外侧肌和股部内侧肌。根据多年来的检验经验得之,这样检验不够准确,直接影响卫生处理方法。其原因是只检验咬肌等,有时     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.