Assessment of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of sheep and goats owned by smallholder farmers in eastern Ethiopia

The anthelmintic resistance status was investigated of nematode parasites of sheep and goats owned by smallholder farmers in communities that received breeding stock from a source where a high level of anthelmintic resistance has been reported. The investigation used the faecal egg count reduction technique, whereby suitable animals within each of eight separate communities were pooled to achieve the numbers required to conduct separate tests for both sheep and goats. Anthelmintics tested were albendazole (ABZ), tetramisole (TET), a combination (ABZ $+$ TET) and ivermectin (IVM), at the manufacturers' recommended dose rates. Results showed that there was no evidence of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of either sheep an goats in any community. This indicates that dilution of resistant parasites imported with introduced breeding stock, and the low selection pressure imposed by the smallholder farmers themselves, has prevented anthelmintic resistance from emerging in nematode parasites of small ruminants in these communities.     

An evaluation of techniques used for the detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematode parasites of domestic livestock

In vitro and in vivo techniques used for the detection of anthelmintic resistance are reviewed in terms of their versatility, reliability, accuracy, cost and simplicity. The faecal egg count reduction test is considered the most suitable for field screening of resistance but the larval development assay is likely to prove a valuable adjunct in such investigations. Other in vitro techniques, such as egg hatch tests, larval motility and tubulin binding assays are recommended as suitable only for research investigations. Similarly, in vivo procedures such as the critical and controlled anthelmintic efficacy tests are considered to be appropriate only for specific research purposes because of the costs involved in such studies.     

Comparison of three serological tests and an interferon-gamma assay for the diagnosis of paratuberculosis in experimentally infected sheep

OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic performance of a complement fixation test, an agar gel immunodiffusion test, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a whole-blood interferon-gamma assay for paratuberculosis in 14 sheep experimentally infected with Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Longitudinal study. RESULTS: The IFN-gamma assay detected more experimentally infected sheep, and earlier, than any of the serological tests. None of the antibody assays was able to detect all sheep with histologically confirmed paratuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS: The superior performance of the IFN-gamma assay in detecting infected sheep in this small experimental population warrants its further evaluation in a larger population of sheep naturally exposed to M a paratuberculosis.     

48个苜蓿品种对3种病害抗性的初步评价

在兰州大学榆中校区品种比较试验田,以发病率为指标,采用国际上通用的苜蓿病害抗病性评价的分级标准,比较了国内外48个苜蓿品种对褐斑病、霜霉病和锐顶镰刀菌根腐病的抗病性,并对其进行了综合评价.抗病性等级评价结果表明,不同苜蓿品种对褐斑病的抗性表现是UC-1465为高抗(HR)品种,UC-1887为抗病(R)品种,Siriv...     

川西北高寒草地3种禾草种子萌发期抗旱性

摘要:为研究川西北高寒草地牧草种子萌发期的抗旱性,选用川西北高寒草地当地的3种牧草--‘阿坝’硬秆仲彬草（Kengyilia rigidula ‘Aba’）、川草2号老芒麦（Elymus sibiricus cv.‘chuancao No.2’)和垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)为研究对象,用0、50、100、150和200 g/L的聚乙二醇（PEG 6000）溶液模拟干旱胁迫。采用隶属函数法对各材料的相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对发芽指数、相对活力、抗旱指数进行抗旱性综合评价。结果显示,50 g/L的PEG 6000有利于种子的萌发;相对发芽指数、抗旱指数为鉴定川西北高寒草地3种牧草种子萌发期抗旱性的较好指标;抗旱性强弱依次为硬秆仲彬草＞垂穗披碱草＞川草2号老芒麦。     

Evaluation of the conjunctival swab for canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis by PCR-hybridization in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Larvae of Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae) are ubiquitous parasites of nasal and sinusal cavities of sheep and goats. According to the chronobiology of O. ovis infections in Sardinia and the seasonal pattern of the IgG response, the optimal period to investigate the relationships between O. ovis larval populations and intensity of local and systemic IgG antibody responses was mid-July in the summer season. Sarda x Lacaune ewes (n=186), divided into three ram-families were used in the study. Systemic and local IgG responses were measured by ELISA tests using second stage larval crude extracts (L2CE) and L2 (L2SGC) and L3 (L3SGC) salivary gland contents as coating antigens. The number of larval instars, larval length of L1, L2 and L3 larvae, and larval weight of L2 and L3 larvae were individually recorded after ewe necropsy. Negative correlations among larval establishment and/or larval development on the one hand and intensity of local or systemic IgG responses on the other hand were found in two out of three studied ram-families.     

应用灰色系统理论评价纳罗克非洲狗尾草种子生产的田间栽培技术

应用灰色系统理论,对纳罗克非洲狗尾草的株高、发芽势、发芽率、千粒质量、种子产量等指标进行灰色关联分析,建立了施肥、刈割、生长调节剂处理组合的综合评估模型,并对其综合处理效果进行了评估。结果表明：组合A1B3C1（氯丁唑600mg／L＋施氮75kg／hm^2＋1年刈割2次）在评估中得分最高,综合处理效果最好,该模式可作为云南省纳罗克非洲狗尾草种子生产的田间栽培模式进行推广。