日粮中添加不同柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生长的影响

为研究日粮柠檬酸水平对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响,选280只麻黄商品肉仔鸡,随机分为4组,采用天康三黄肉鸡料（料号610s和613s）作为基础日粮,试验组各组柠檬酸添加水平分别是0、0.25%、0.5%、1%,试验期为5周。结果表明,0.5%的柠檬酸添加组,鸡增重最快,比对照组提高4%（P〉0.05）,添加0.25%、0.5%的柠檬酸鸡的饲料报酬最高,比对照组提高3.4%（P〉0.05）、4.1%（P〉0.05）。从试验结果,添加柠檬酸对日粮有机物质的消化率有影响,其中添加0.5%柠檬酸鸡的蛋白质消化率最高（P〈0.05）,Ca.P的消化率试验组显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论,肉鸡日粮添加0.5%柠檬酸对其生长有一定促进作用。     

小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验用 6 0 0只爱拔益加肉仔鸡 ,研究了在小麦部分或全部取代玉米配制的日粮中 ,添加木聚糖酶对肉仔鸡的生产性能和养分消化率的影响。试验结果表明 :小麦全部取代玉米后 ,肉仔鸡的小肠食糜粘度、耗料增重比和死淘率显著升高 ,蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的消化率及能量的利用率均降低 ;在小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶后 ,耗料增重比和小肠食糜粘度显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,死淘率降低 71.9% ,能量利用率和蛋白质、脂肪、淀粉的消化率显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,改善了肉仔鸡的生产性能 ,达到甚至超过玉米日粮的饲喂效果。小麦取代玉米用量的 5 0 %后 ,除小肠食糜粘度显著升高外 ,其余指标与玉米日粮的无显著差异。在小麦和玉米各半的日粮中添加木聚糖酶后 ,只有食糜粘度显著降低 ,其余指标无明显改善。     

日粮中添加浓缩大豆磷脂对肉鸡生产性能的影响

选出壳重相近、发育正常的４００只１日龄的爱拔益加（ＡｒｂｏｒＡｃｒｅ）雄性肉仔鸡,随机分为４组,研究近似能量和等蛋白情况下用改性浓缩大豆磷脂（ＳＬ,丙酮不溶物含量为６２％）替代基础日粮（对照组）中豆油的２５％、７５％和１００％对肉仔鸡生产性能和胴体品质的影响。在１周～３周,对照组、２５％ＳＬ、７５％ＳＬ和１００％ＳＬ组改性浓缩大豆磷脂的添加量分别为０％、１％、１５％和２５％,大豆油添加比例分别为２５％、１５％、１％和０％。在４周～６周,４组改性浓缩大豆磷脂的添加量分别为０％、１５％、２５％和３５％,大豆油添加比例分别为３５％、２０％、１％和０％。在第７周,４组改性浓缩大豆磷脂的添加量分别为０％、２％、３５％和４５％,大豆油添加比例分别为４５％、２５％、１％和０％。结果表明,利用改性浓缩大豆磷脂替代肉仔鸡日粮中大豆油的２５％具有较好的饲料转化效率。用改性浓缩大豆磷脂替代肉仔鸡日粮中大豆油的２５％、７５％和１００％,对７周龄体重和饲料转化效率、腿肌比例和胸肌比例无显著影响。用大豆磷脂完全替代肉仔鸡日粮中的大豆油对７周龄体重和饲料转化效率无显著影响,而且有提高屠宰率、降低腹脂、改善肉质的?     

日粮中添加柠檬酸对雏鸡生长发育的影响

在雏鸡日粮中添加不同水平的柠檬酸,观察其对罗曼公雏生长发育的促进作用。结果表明,0．1％柠檬酸添加水平有提高生长速度和饲料转化率的作用。     

夏季高温在日粮中添加柠檬酸对肉仔鸡的增重效果

柠檬酸是一种饲料酸化剂,一般在仔猪日粮中常用。据国内外大量研究证明,柠檬酸可以弥补仔猪胃酸分泌不足,能降低胃肠道PH值,可激活消化酶原,能改善肠道微生物区系,从而能有效的预防仔猪下痢和提高日增重,但近年来的研究资料还证明,柠檬酸还是养禽业的一种很有前途的应激保护剂。鸡的日粮中添加柠檬酸,可以提高肉仔鸡的日增重和蛋鸡的产蛋性能,能大大缓解热应激对鸡的危害。但总的来看,柠檬酸在养禽业上的应用远不如仔猪业那样广泛和深入,尤其在肉仔鸡上的研究资料偏少。夏季高温,常使鸡处于热应激状态,致使肉仔鸡饮水量增加,而采食量减少,日增重变慢,饲料利用率降低,严重时还会造成死鸡经济损失。为了进一步验证柠     

低寡糖日粮中添加水苏糖对肉鸡生长性能的影响

选用192只1日龄从肉公鸡,随机分成4个处理组,每个处理设6个笼(重复),每笼8只鸡.在玉米-大豆浓缩蛋白型低寡糖基础日粮中分别添加0、0.50%、1.00%、2.00%水苏糖制剂(纯度为83.7%),研究日粮中不同水平苏糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响.结果表明:水苏糖对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响存在剂量反应关系.低剂量(0.50%)表现为促进作用,高剂量(2.00%)则表现为抑制作用;而且生长前期剂量反应程度强于生长后期.     

添加柠檬酸对西门塔尔牛日粮养分消化率的影响

选用4头年龄4岁、体况良好、平均体重500k，装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国西门塔尔阉牛，采用4×4拉丁方设计，以混合精料和玉米秸秆为基础日粮．研究柠檬酸（0、100、200和300g／d）对日粮养分表观消化率的影响。结果表明：200g／d组精饲料干物质（DM）、粗脂肪（EE）、无氮浸出物（NFE）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）较对照组显著提高（P〈0．05）。根据试验结果推断日粮中柠檬酸的适宜添加水平为200g/d。     

日粮添加柠檬酸对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

采用六处理三重复单因子试验研究0%、0.05%、0.15%、0.25%、0.35%和0.55%柠檬酸添加水平对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,并分析各柠檬酸添加水平对蛋鸡高温期间生产性能的影响。结果表明:0.05%~0.55%柠檬酸添加量显著降低整个试验期和试验高温期的软、破蛋率(P<0.05),对其它生产指标无显著影响(P>0.05)。     

日粮中添加含硒生长素对肉仔鸡成活率及增重的影响

选用800只1日龄艾维茵肉用仔鸡,随机分成4组(第1组为对照组).试验采用玉米-豆饼型基础日粮,各组日粮含硒生长素的添加水平分别为0、0.15％、0.25％、0.35％.试验期8周.试验结果表明,日粮中添加0.25％的含硒生长素组(第3组),鸡成活率最高,增重最快,显著高于其他组(P<0.01);添加0.35％的含硒生长素组(第4组),鸡发生了慢性硒中毒,成活率及增重显著低于第3组.由此认为,日粮中添加0.25％含硒生长素为适宜添加量.     

Effect of Phytase Supplementation in Diets on Nutrient Digestibility and Performance in Broiler Chicks

A performance trial was conducted with broiler chicks to study the effect of phytase (PHY) supplementation in diets formulated with reduced AME, Ca, and P. The nutrient digestibility was determined during the 14- to 21-d and 28- to 35-d periods. The treatments consisted of 3 diets (NC1, NC2, NC3) differing in nutrient content and each diet with or without supplemental PHY (NC1, 0 or 500; NC2, 0 or 750; NC3, 0 or 1,000 U of PHY/kg feed) and 1 positive control diet (PC). Compared with the PC diet, negative control diets (NC) resulted in lower AME and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility for some amino acids. Phytase supplementation of the NC diets increased AME, apparent ileal amino acid digestibility, and apparent ileal crude protein digestibility. Phytase addition also increased mineral absorption in 21- and 35-d-old broilers fed NC diets. Reduced nutrient digestibility appears to be a factor in the weight gain and feed intake results. Reducing Ca and P content reduced feed intake in a stepwise fashion in the NC diets. Phytase increased feed intake and generally improved nutrient digestibility, which resulted in an increase in digestible nutrient intake. Averaged across NC diets, PHY improved body weight. Bone-breaking strength was the most consistent predictor of Ca and P reduction. All NC diets had significantly lower bone-breaking strength than the PC. Phytase supplementation of the NC diets gave bone-breaking strengths that were comparable to the PC. Diets with PHY had the highest bioeconomic index.     

反10,顺12共轭亚油酸对肉仔鸡肉品质和相关酶活的影响

选择1 d健康AA肉仔鸡288只,研究不同水平反10,顺12共轭亚油酸（t-10,-c12 CLA）对肉仔鸡生长性能、肉品质、相关激素和酶活性的影响。试验采用单因素随机设计,将试验鸡随机分成6组,每组6个重复,每个重复8只鸡,分别饲喂0、0.20%、0.40%、0.60%、0.80%和1.00%t-10,-c12 CLA的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,试验期42 d。结果表明,饲粮CLA对肉鸡全期日增重、饲料转化率有显著影响（P〈0.05）,极显著降低了腹脂率（P〈0.01）,对采食量、胸肌率、腿肌率、胸肌和全净膛率均无显著影响（P〉0.05）;饲粮CLA对肉鸡肉色b＊值、剪切力和胸肌的品尝评价有显著影响（P〈0.05）,对pH、肉色L＊、a＊值和腿肌品尝评价无显著影响（P〉0.05）;饲粮CLA对肉鸡血清胰岛素l、eptin（P〈0.05）和组织中苹果酸脱氢酶（P〈0.01）有显著影响。饲粮t-10,c-12 CLA可提高肉仔鸡的饲料转化率和日增重,对肉品质剪切力和品尝有改善作用;CLA降低腹脂率,增加了肌内脂肪的含量,可能与leptin浓度和苹果酸脱氢酶活性有关。     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸和精氨酸对京海黄鸡肉仔鸡生长性能和血液指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(N-carbamylglutamate,NCG)和精氨酸(Arg)对京海黄鸡肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化参数及游离氨基酸含量的影响。选用1日龄体重相近的京海黄鸡肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15% NCG及0.10% Arg的试验日粮。试验期28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15% NCG及0.10% Arg组平均日增重(ADG)升高,添加0.10% NCG组料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);添加0.10% NCG组血清中血氨(AMM)、尿酸(UA)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量相对于其他各组显著降低(P<0.05),添加0.15% NCG组血清中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,添加0.10%、0.15% NCG组和添加0.10% Arg组血清中Arg含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加NCG有助于提高京海黄鸡肉仔鸡血清中Arg和脯氨酸(Pro)的含量,改善血液指标,提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,其中NCG添加水平为0.10%时效果较好。     

Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate and Arginine on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Jinghai Yellow Broiler Chicks

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and arginine (Arg) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and serum free amino acid content of Jinghai Yellow broiler chicks.A total of 600 1-day-old chicks with similar weight were used and randomly assigned into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 chicks per replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet, groups Ⅰ to Ⅳ were fed with the basal diets supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% NCG and 0.10% Arg, respectively.The trial lasted for 28 days.The results showed that compared with control group, the supplementation of 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% NCG and 0.10% Arg increased ADG, the supplementation of 0.10% NCG significantly decreased F/G (P<0.05).The supplementation of 0.10% NCG significantly decreased the contents of AMM, UA and LDL in serum compared with other groups (P<0.05), the supplementation of 0.15% NCG significantly increased the contents of NO, NOS and ALP in serum compared with control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the supplementation of 0.10%, 0.15% NCG and 0.10% Arg significantly increased the content of Arg in serum (P<0.05).These results indicated that supplementation with NCG could increase the contents of Arg and Pro in serum, improve blood parameters and growth performance of broiler chicks, and the appropriate supplemental level of NGG was 0.10%.     

果寡糖对肉鸡生长、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响

研究了饲粮中分别添加0、2000、4000、6000mg/kg果寡糖对艾维菌商品代肉鸡生长性能、肠道菌群和肠形态的影响。结果表明：目粮中添加4000mg/kg果寡糖使肉鸡日增重提高了9．53％（P＜0．01），2000、4000mg/kg果寡糖使料重比分别降低了5．09％（P＜0．05）和7．87％（P＜0．05）；4000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数分别增加了257．65％（P＜0．05）和100．00％（P＜0．05），使梭菌数下降了79．36％（P＜0．05）；2000、4000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中乳酸杆菌数分别增加了45．73％（P＜0．05）和67．97％（P＜0．01），使大肠杆菌数分别下降了75．71％（P＜0．05）和71．35％（P＜0．05）；4000和6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中乙酸、丁酸和总短链脂肪酸含量分别提高了23．25％（P＜0．05）和26．08％（P＜0．05）、144．36％（P＜0．05）和202．97％（P＜0．01）、47．08％（P＜0．01）和58．31％（P＜0．01）；2000、4000和6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠中丙酸含量分别提高了45．27％（P＜0．05）、73．22％（P＜0．01）和89．37（P＜0．01）；4000、6000mg/kg果寡糖使盲肠上皮黏膜腺窝深度和细胞密度分别提高了22．62％（P＜0．05）和25．72％（P＜0．01）、19．28％（P＜0．05）和23．07％（P＜0．05）。     

日粮硒水平对肉仔鸡成活率和生长性能的影响

通过饲养对比试验,研究向日粮中添加不同剂量的微量元素硒对肉仔鸡成活率和生长性能的影响。研究结果表明,肉仔鸡在采食不同硒水平日粮(0.025~0.200 mg/kg)时,对生长性能、饲料转化率和成活率均呈现不同程度的提高作用,尤以日粮中硒的添加量为0.125 mg/kg时,能显著提高生长性能和成活率。     

喹烯酮预混剂对肉鸡的增重试验

研究了喹烯酮预混剂对肉鸡生产性能的影响。选用150羽7日龄肉仔鸡,随机分为3组,每组3个重复。对照空白组饲喂基础日粮,喹乙醇对照组饲喂添加75×10^4的喹乙醇预混剂基础日粮,试验组饲喂添加75×10^4的喹烯酮预混剂基础日粮,试验期35d。结果：实验组肉鸡的末期平均体重、净增重和日增重均高于空白对照组和喹乙醇组,差异显著（P〈0.05）,试验组的平均采食量均高于两对照组（P〉0.05）。试验组的饲料转化率较空白对照组提高了3．69％（P〈0．05）,比喹乙醇组高1．5％（P〉0.05）。结果表明在较高的营养水平条件下喹烯酮对肉鸡有良好的的促生长作用。     

理想氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长发育调控技术的研究进展

营养状况可显著影响肌肉的生长,不同的营养因素对肉鸡肌肉生长产生的影响不同。日粮氨基酸是影响肉鸡肌肉最主要的营养成分,适当提高日粮氨基酸水平可降低肉鸡脂肪的沉积,提高胸肉产量,显著改善肉鸡的增重和饲料转化效率。作者主要就日粮理想氨基酸水平对肉鸡生长发育调控技术研究进展进行了综述。     

Hatchery Feeding of Starter Diets to Broiler Chicks

This study examined hatchery feeding of starter diets differing in amino acid density and moisture on live performance measurements up to 37 d and processing measurements at 38 d. Eggs from a Cobb × Cobb 500 slow-feathering cross broiler strain were set in a common incubator and hatched. Chicks were feather-sexed, placed in 36 chick trays (25 chicks of each sex), and weighed by tray. One of 4 dietary treatments was administered (454 g/tray) in crumble form: 1) no feed; 2) feed containing 1.24% digestible Lys, 0.84% digestible TSAA, 0.80% digestible Thr, 23.2% CP, and 3,080 kcal/kg of ME; 3) feed containing 1.45% digestible Lys, 0.94% digestible TSAA, 0.84% digestible Thr, 26.0% CP, and 3,080 kcal/kg of ME; and 4) treatment 3 plus 100 mL of potable water added to the crumbles 5 min before administration in the trays. Chicks received feed treatments in trays in the hatchery, during transportation to the research facility, and in the research facility until placement (5 h of total tray feeding). Body weight gain at d 7 was increased in birds fed the high density diet alone or in combination with water as compared with birds that were fasted. Subsequent live performance, processing, and small intestine weights, however, did not differ among treatments. Lack of 37-d improvements (average 4.6-lb birds) to early feed allocation may be a result of diet composition, duration of diet allocation, and the genetic strain of bird used, because much literature has pointed to the importance of posthatch nutrition of broilers.