锥栗丰产栽培技术

锥栗是林果兼用树种 ,种仁属优质的干果 ,被人体吸收率高达 95%以上。锥栗果还含有人体所需的胡萝卜素、氨基酸等 ,营养价值高于面粉、大米和薯类。锥栗可鲜食、炒食、菜食或清炖 ,也可磨粉制作糕点、代乳粉 ,还可加工成罐头、锥栗糕等副食品。在国际市场上供不应求 ,发展前景看好。锥栗是一种高产的木本粮食作物 ,且盛果期达 50～ 80年。1　生物学特性锥栗喜温暖湿润的环境 ,喜光 ,耐寒、耐旱、耐瘠薄 ,适应性强。适生于气温 11～ 2 0℃ ,年降雨量10 0 0～ 150 0ｍｍ的气候条件 ,能耐绝对最低温 -16℃。要求平均相对湿度 80 %以上 ,日照时…     

政和的锥栗

一、锥栗的经济价值: 锥栗是南方特有的树种,在本县分布很广,既是名贵的干果,又是营养丰富的木本粮食,亦是畅销国内外的果品之一。根据化学分析,种仁含蛋白质5.7～10.7％;脂肪2～7.4％,糖及淀粉62～70.1％;同时含有丰富的维生素B。栗锥的木质坚硬,纹理细致,耐腐烂,是良好的建筑、造船及家具用材,树皮还是工业上提炼单宁的原料,栗的总苞、果皮、叶均可入药。可见栗树全身是宝,是一种用途广、经济价值高的树种,是山区人民发展多种经营的宝贵资源。     

锥栗优质丰产栽培技术

政和县地处鹫峰山脉北侧,属丘陵山地,大部分海拔为500~1000m;年日照时数2152h,年平均气温18·4℃;年平均降水量1680mm。地理和气候条件十分适合锥栗生长。政和县野生锥栗资源十分丰富,但开发利用较少,原有锥栗园优质品种少,管理粗放,单产低,品质差,经济效益低。近几年,通过大力开发野生资源、嫁接优良品种、改造低产园及推广新技术,全县锥栗种植面积迅速扩大到10000 hm2,其中优质丰产示范片2000hm2,平均产量达到2805kg/hm2,产值1·82万元/hm2,经济效益大幅提高,成为“中国锥栗之乡”。现将锥栗的优质丰产栽培技术总结如下:1建园锥栗耐瘠,一…     

锥栗高效栽培技术

锥栗在将乐县广泛分布,笔者经多年探索,整理了一套适合山地锥栗生产的锥栗建园、育苗、定植、早期密植、土肥水管理、整形修剪、病虫害防治等高效栽培技术。     

锥栗优良新品种‘锥栗YLZ25号’

‘锥栗YLZ25号’是从浙江、福建大面积锥栗实生林中选优。前后历经15年，经过多点无性系测定和生产试验选育出的优良品种，适应范围广，树体紧凑，丰产稳产，成串结果，风味好．2006年3月通过浙江省林木品种审定委员会审定，获浙江省科技进步二等奖、浙江省科技兴林一等奖。     

建瓯锥栗产销两旺

今年，福建省建瓯市锥粟产销两旺，产量达2．5万t以上，并且销售市场十分活跃。锥栗上市一个多月以来，省内外客商纷至沓来，当地村民经常深夜为锥栗分级装袋，果品源源不断销往北京、上海等地。     

闽北锥栗主要栽培技术

锥栗又名榛子、毛榛、栗子、珍珠果，为壳斗科栗属，是闽北的传统名果，目前面积已发展到２．８３万公顷，已有１．６６７万公顷投产，产量达４９３８吨，产值达４０００多万元。但是，普遍存在管理粗放，品种退化，单产低，效益差的现象，为此，我们根据几年来的实践摸索，总结出锥栗的栽培技术要点如下。一、选用良种１、白露仔平均单粒重为６．２５克，品质中上，成熟期为９月上旬至下旬。２、黄榛该品种果实最大，平均单粒重为１１．１１克，品质中上，成熟期为９月下旬至１０月上旬。３、油榛平均单粒重为６．２５克，品质中上，成熟期…     

锥栗嫁接育苗技术

南平市地处闽北。闽北近十多年来大力发展锥栗，需要大量的锥栗嫁接苗。锥栗嫁接育苗比板栗嫁接育苗成活率低，技术更难掌握。笔者依据多年来的实践摸索和调查，总结出一套简单易行、成活率高、出圃率高和工作效率高的育苗技术。     

锥栗花粉直感效应研究

为研究锥栗花粉直感效应,选用‘华栗1号’、‘华栗2号’、‘华栗3号’和‘黄榛’4个品种为试材,进行自交、异交授粉试验,以自然授粉作为对照,共20个授粉组合,分析不同授粉组合的果实成熟期、结实率及果实品质等,结果表明：锥栗在果实成熟期、坐果率、结实率、果实大小、可溶性糖、脂肪、蛋白质、直链淀粉和维生素C等方面表现明显的花粉直感效应,而在出籽率、总淀粉含量和含水量等方面无明显花粉直感效应;通过平均隶属函数法分析20个授粉组合,‘华栗2号’ב华栗3号’得分最高,‘黄榛’自交得分最低。因此,‘华栗2号’ב华栗3号’为首选授粉组合。     

闽北锥栗资源及其开发利用

锥栗为我国亚热带山区古老的著名果材兼用的木本粮食果树,分布长江和珠江流域的湘、鄂、赣、浙、闽、粤、桂等省(区)。福建锥栗嫁接栽培历史较为悠久,据李来荣、江由等(1956)对建瓯龙村乡锥栗资源初步调查,该乡锥栗主栽品种10余个,历史最高年产量130余万斤。全省锥(板)栗年产量约520万斤,以锥栗为最多;闽北地区20余县市均有锥(板)栗分布,其中南平地区10县市锥(板)栗重点产区即有40余处。根据《闽北地区果树资源志》(1959)全区     

绿色、有机蔬菜优质高产理论与 应用原理的研究进展

摘要：有效利用有机资源、矿物资源和微生物资源，集成绿色农业新技术，可实现绿色、有机蔬 菜优质高产和产业可持续发展。对植物营养学理论、非豆科微生物固氮理论、植物次生代谢理论和有 益菌固碳减排理论等方面的研究进展进行综述，为绿色、有机蔬菜优质高产提供了理论依据；而研究 和应用高碳有机物、多功能微生物菌肥、天然矿物质营养及有机物耕层发酵技术，为绿色、有机蔬菜 优质高产提供了新机制。同时，提出了蔬菜优质高产“五要素”集成技术，以期为土壤连作障碍绿色 防控、绿色和有机蔬菜优质高产提供指导。     

大白菜耐热性遗传效应研究

以两组耐热和热敏感的大白菜对应亲本（１７７与２７６；１７６与２７９）及其杂交、回交世代（Ｆ１、Ｆ２、Ｂ１、Ｂ２）为材料进行耐热性遗传模型分析和遗传参数估算，得到一致的结果：大白菜的耐热性符合加性－显性－上位性模型，以加性遗传效应为主，兼有上位性效应，显性效应不显著。广义遗传力和狭义遗传力均较高。以耐热和热敏感的５个代表性亲本材料采用Ｇｒｉｆｉｎｇ的双列杂交方法Ⅱ配制杂交组合进行配合力分析，结果表明：加性遗传方差组分很高，而显性遗传方差组分很小，与上述结果一致。同时，耐热亲本材料１７６和１７７均有较高的一般配合力效应值，是耐热性选育的较好亲本材料。     

Effects of fluctuant high blood glucose on apoptosis in glomerular endothelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells in diabetic rats

AIM:To explore the effects of fluctuant high blood glucose and stable high blood glucose on apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in glomerular endothelial cells and renal tubular epithelial cells in diabetic rats. METHODS: 24 SD rats were divided into 3 groups: control group, stable high blood glucose group and fluctuant high blood glucose group. Diabetic rats were induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and the fluctuant high blood glucose animal model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of aspart and glucose at different time points every day. Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL), and immunohistochemistry was used to detect apoptosis associated gene bax and bcl-2 expression in kidney. RESULTS:After 4 experimental weeks, a significant increase in cell apoptosis, up-regulation of Bax protein expression in kidney tubular epithelial cell and down-regulation of Bcl-2 in glomerular endothelial cell in fluctuant high blood glucose rats were observed compared with stable high blood glucose rats.CONCLUSION: Fluctuant high blood glucose induces more apoptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells than that in stable high blood glucose diabetic rats.     

Effect of high glucose or high glucose and high insulin level onphagocytotic function and ultrastructure of activated rat alveolarmacrophages

AIM: The phagocytotic function and morphological changes of pulmonary alveolar macrophages (AM) of rat in high glucose or high glucose and high insulin conditions were studied. METHODS: AM were harvested from Wistar rats by bronchoalveolar lavage and were activated by Bacille Calmette - Guerin (BCG), interferon a-2b (IFNa-2b)or BCG and IFNa - 2b. The adherent rate, nitroblue retrazolium (NBT). reduction function and the concentrations of NO and TNF-a in culture rat AM were evaluated. The ultrastructure of AM was Observed by using transmission elects microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In high glucose or high glucose glucose and high insulin conditions, the adherence of AM postponed(P＜ 0.01 ), NBT reduction of AM significantly decreased(P＜0.01); the volume of NO and TNF-a produced by AM after stimulation with BCG and IFNa-2b + BCG was significantly lower in high glucose groups than in the controls (P ＜ 0.01); their surface pseudopodia was reduced and shortened and the numbers of Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The impaired phagocytotic function and ultrastructure of activated rat AM were much the same regardless of high glucose or high glucose and high insulin level in a short time. Diabetic subjects were predisposed to infection of the lung, which was frequently recurrent or even fatal.     

高温胁迫对菠菜叶片保护酶活性和膜透性的影响

 对两个耐热性不同的菠菜( Spinacia oleracea L. ) 品种进行了高温(昼35 ℃/ 夜25 ℃) 处理, 以20 ℃/ 15 ℃为对照, 测定了高温胁迫对菠菜叶片中保护性酶类活性和膜透性的影响。结果表明, 高温处理后, 耐热品种叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD) 、过氧化氢酶(CAT) 和过氧化物酶(POD) 活性的增幅大于不耐热品种, 而不耐热品种叶片中丙二醛(MDA) 含量和膜透性的增幅大于耐热品种。     

The interrelationships between serum HDL subpopulations and triacyglycerol

AIM: To Study the influence of plasma TG level on the contents of serum HDL subpopulations. METHODS: Classified by the contents of serum TG, the serum level of HDL subpopulations in 106 normal TC and 183 high TC subjects were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with immunodection method. RESULTS: The apo-AⅠcontents of per-β1-HDL, HDL3c, HDL3b and HDL3a were higher in a certain extent in TC high subjects vs corresponding TC desirable subjects. The apo-AⅠ contents of per-β1-HDL （in borer-line high TG subgroup） and HDL3b （in very high TG subgroup） were significantly higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the apo-AⅠ contents of HDL2b and HDL2a were all lower in TC high subjects vs corresponding TC normal subjects. With the increase in plasma TG levels, the apoA-Ⅰ content of pre-β1-HDL increased, and it was significantly higher (P<0.05 or P<0.01) in borderline-high TG(except TC desirable subjects), high TG and very high TG subgroups vs corresponding normal TG subgroup. Contents of HDL3b and HDL3a had the same tendency, and in TC high subjects contents of HDL3b (in very high TG subgroup) and HDL3a (in every subgroups, in which levels of TG were higher) were significantly higher (P＜0.05 and P＜0.01） than in normal TG subgroup. On contrast, the apoA-Ⅰcontents of HDL2b and HDL2a following with the increase of plasma TG levels tended to become lower. Contents of HDL2b were significantly lower (P<0.05) in high TG subgroup and very high TG subgroup vs corresponding normal TG subgroup, and in TC high subjects contents of HDL2a were significantly lower (P<0.05) in very high TG subgroups vs normal TG subgroup. CONCLUSION: Our data show the general shift toward smaller size of HDL particle size with the increase in TC and TG levels. Contents of TC and TG are very important to contents of HDL subclasses.     

Effects of high electrical conductivity of nutrient solution and its application timing on lycopene,chlorophyll and sugar concentrations of hydroponic tomatoes during ripening

Tomato (cv. Durinta) plants were grown hydroponically under two electrical conductivities (EC, 2.3 and 4.5 dS m⁻¹) of nutrient solution inside a greenhouse. The high EC treatment was initiated either immediately after anthesis (high EC treatment) or 4 weeks after anthesis (delayed high EC treatment). Fruits were harvested weekly beginning 2 weeks after anthesis, until all fruits reached the red stage (8 weeks after anthesis). Lycopene, chlorophyll, sugar and total soluble solid (TSS) concentrations of fruits were measured every week for all harvested tomatoes from the different ripeness stages. The results showed that lycopene concentration, fructose and glucose concentrations and TSS of red ripe tomato fruits were enhanced by both high EC and delayed high EC treatments compared to those in the low EC treatment. The lycopene concentration of red ripe tomato fruits in the high EC and the delayed high EC treatments showed an increase of 30–40% (1.29–1.39 mg g⁻¹ dry matter) compared to those in the low EC treatment (0.99 mg g⁻¹); however, there was no significant difference in the lycopene concentration between the high EC and delayed high EC treatments. TSS of red ripe tomato fruits grown in the high EC treatment was 6.1%, significantly greater than those grown in the delayed high EC treatment (5.7%). Weekly change in lycopene concentration indicated that lycopene synthesis was enhanced by the high EC treatment, regardless of the application timing. Regardless of EC treatment, chlorophyll concentration in fruit declined linearly during fruit development and ripening and reached non-detectable levels 7 weeks after anthesis. Our results indicated that: (1) accumulation of sugars and TSS in fruit was due to reduced water flux to the fruit under high EC as previously reported, and (2) lycopene synthesis was promoted by, but chlorophyll degradation was independent from, the osmotic and/or salt stress caused by the high EC.     

Effect of phospho-FOXO1 on lipid deposit in high glucose-stimulated human renal tubular cells

AIM:To study the effect of forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) expression and phosphorylation on lipid accumulation in high glucose-stimulated human renal tubular cell line HKC. METHODS:HKC cells were stimulated with high glucose. The total FOXO1, phospho-FOXO1 and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1) were detected by the methods of immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The cellular lipid deposit was measured by oil red O staining. Moreover, the wild-type FOXO1 vector or mutant FOXO1 vector was transfected into HKC cells followed by the treatment with high glucose. Immunofluorescence, Western blotting and oil red O staining were used to determine the effect of the phosphorylation site mutation on the lipid metabolism in renal tubular cells. RESULTS:No difference in total FOXO1 expression between normal glucose group and high glucose group was observed 48 h after HKC cells were stimulated with high glucose. However, phospho-FOXO1 was significantly increased in high glucose-treated HKC cells. Subsequently, SREBP-1 and cellular lipid deposit were up-regulated. The wild-type FOXO1 vector increased total FOXO1, phospho-FOXO1, SREBP-1 and cellular triglyceride in high glucose-treated HKC cells. However, mutant FOXO1 vector at the phosphorylation site attenuated the effect of high glucose on SREBP-1 and cellular lipid deposit. CONCLUSION: The phosphorylation of FOXO1 is involved in high glucose-induced up-regulation of SREBP-1 and cellular lipid accumulation in renal tubular cells. In addition, the mutation at the phosphorylation site prevents high glucose-induced enhancement of SREBP-1 and lipid deposit.     

基于灰色关联度分析的甘薯品种评价

为筛选出适应性强、高产、优质的甘薯良种,利用灰色关联度分析方法对17个甘薯品种进行评价。试验结果表明,甘薯品种云薯J-4、云薯104、云薯122、京杂4号及云薯119的产量高、淀粉含量高,综合性状好;云薯116、云薯50、台湾薯综合性状较差。     

Effects of ibrolipim against atherosclerosis in minipigs

AIM: To explore the application mechanism of NO-1886 (ibrolipim), a synthetic compound, improving dyslipidemia and inhibiting atherosclerosis in Guizhou minipigs fed with high fat/high sucrose diet. METHODS: Fifteen Chinese Guizhou minipigs were randomized into three groups with similar body weight ［(n=5 in normal control group (CD); n=5 in high fat/high sucrose group (HFSD); n=5 in high fat/high sucrose supplemented ibrolipim group （HFSD+ibrolipim)］. Blood samples were withdrawn from the eyehole sinus venosus of the animals at the end of each month after fasting overnight. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 8 months. The concentrations of cholesterol ester in plasma HDL were analyzed by HPLC. The aortic fatty streak-lesions were quantified following lipid staining with Sudan IV. Lipid droplets in liver were observed by Oil red O staining. RESULTS: Compared with CD, fasting plasma TC, TG and FFA levels of HFSD were elevated significantly. The aortic fatty streak-lesions were clearly presented in the animals’ aortas. The intima became rougher and thicker. A lot of lipoid foam cells migrated to regions of intima and smooth muscle cells, which associated with the injuries of internal elastic lamina. Extensive fat deposited in the liver were observed. Supplementing of 1.0% ibrolipim into high fat/high sucrose diet induced the decrease in plasma TG and FFA concentrations and an increase in plasma HDL-C concentration compared with HFSD. A little fat deposited in the liver were observed. CONCLUSION: ibrolipim prevents AS in high fat/high sucrose diet feeding minipigs through decreasing the plasma TG and elevating the plasma HDL-C.