正交胶合竹墙体的保温隔热性能

文中介绍了一种新型工程竹产品——正交胶合竹（CLB）。已有试验对CLB墙体在稳态传热过程下的保温性能进行了探究,为进一步研究CLB墙体在室外综合温度周期性变化作用下的传热过程并探究采用CLB墙体的竹结构房屋的能耗情况,通过建立在稳态传热过程下CLB墙体的有限元模型并与已有试验结果对比验证了其有效性,从而进一步建立了受到室外综合温度作用下的5种墙体模型,以此分析CLB墙体在非稳态传热条件下的保温性能以及不同保温方式对于CLB墙体保温性能的影响,最后通过DeST对CLB墙体房屋进行能耗分析。结果表明：研究建筑墙体受到的温度作用时,太阳辐射引起的当量温度不应忽视;CLB墙体拥有优越的保温性能,采用CLB墙体的建筑室内热环境稳定;无论夏季或冬季,保温层最合理的位置在CLB墙体的外侧;围护墙体采用CLB墙体的竹结构能够达到江苏省居住建筑节能率65%的水平。     

轻型木结构墙体稳态传热性能及其保温材料影响比较

轻型木结构墙体的热工性能对建筑节能至关重要,其稳态传热性能是节能效率评估指标之一.工程调研发现,轻型木结构墙体墙骨柱热传递过程易产生冷热桥,改善墙体保温构造并通过试验测试,对得到不同构造的墙体传热系数等指标进行分析研究,有利于设计人员优选墙体设计参数、研发墙体新型保温材料.试验采用标定热箱法与热流计法相结合的试验方法—...     

木结构建筑节能保温性能研究

现代木结构建筑是一种节能、环保的建筑,如何定量分析和评价是研究的重点和难点。笔者采用实体房屋温湿度实时监测的方法,对地处内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市的一栋井干式木结构进行节能保温性分析,研究外部温湿度变化,对室内温湿度的相应机制。结果表明,建筑中室内外温湿度变化相较平缓,木结构具有很好的保温调湿性能;室内温湿度变化受室内外环境影响较小,保温性好。     

定向结构板复合墙体热特性的评价

文中运用有限差分法和积分变换法评价定向结构板复合墙体的热特性,并将之与传统的砖混结构进行了比较。研究结果表明,建筑物的室内热环境状况主要取决于转护结构的组成材料和构造;定向结构板复合墙体的透过热稳定性好,其对外界扰量（室外气温）的衰减倍数约是砖墙的７￣８倍;比普通粘土砖墙厚度减小一半的定向结构板和玻璃棉板复合墙体对外扰的减弱能力仍大于普通粘土砖墙;大空间范围（如体育馆、影剧院、商店等）,采用轻质木质复合材料作内装修,将有利于空凋设备地室内空气温度的调节。     

Review on Thermal Characteristics of Compound Outdoor Wall of Wood Framed Construction

INTRODUCTION China has a long history of wood framed construction. But, due to the increasing of population and lack of timber, wood framed construction is limited in the market, its research and development is relatively scarce. The modern wood framed construction has been developed and widely applied in the North American area and other countries for several decades. Recently, with the rapid development of economy and the requirement of society, especially energy saving, the wood frame…     

日本改善住宅楼板隔音的研究进展

随着人们生活水平的提高，对居住环境隔音性能也提出了越来越高的要求。近年来日本在改善住宅隔音性能方面的研究非常活跃，并取得了很大进展。本文仅就其中关于改善较难隔绝的楼板撞击声性能方面的研究作简要介绍。我国国情虽然与日本不同，但其研究成果对于改善混凝土住宅的隔音性能也有一定参考价值。     

Longevity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Juniperus procera</Emphasis> seed lots under different storage conditions: implications for ex situ conservation in seed banks

Juniperus procera Endl. is economically important timber species, but its populations are extremely small and fragmented in its natural habitat, thus, calling for immediate ex situ conservation. Here we examined the effects of seed sources and storage temperature on the longevity of Juniperus procera seed lots through collection and preservation of seeds in seed banks. Seeds were collected from nine sites across the species natural distribution in Ethiopia and stored in four warehouses: modern cold room (5℃), mud house (15℃), concrete block house (17℃ or corrugated iron house (20℃) for 42 months. Every three months, a random sample of stored seeds were drawn and tested for germination. A highly significant variation (p < 0.01) in germination of stored seeds was observed among different storage environments, seed lots, and duration of storage. Over the storage period, seeds stored in the cold room had the highest mean percentage germination, followed by the mud house, corrugated house and blocket house. The cold room (41%) and the mud house (38%) maintained the same level of germination as the intitial germination of the seedlotds (42%). The variation in longevity of stored seeds was significnatly correlated with the initial germination of seed lots (r > 0.80; p < 0.01). Cold storage also resulted in enhancement of germination through its stratification effect that terminated the non-deepphysiological dormancy of juniper seeds. In conclusion, seed lots with good initial germination can be effectively stored in cold room (5℃) up to four years. In the absence of modern cold stores, mud houses can be used as a good alternative to store seeds at local level.     

浅谈室内植物的绿化装饰

从室内绿化装饰的意义和作用、室内绿化装饰的植物选择、室内绿化装饰的基本原则、室内绿化装饰的主要形式和室内绿化装饰的设计五个方面阐述了室内植物在现代居室绿化装饰中扮演的重要角色。指出了在当代城市环境污染日益恶化的情况下,改善城市环境,改善室内居住环境的质量显得尤为迫切。植物是大自然生态环境的主体,通过室内绿化把生活、学习、工作、休息的空间变成"绿色的空间",是环境改善最有效的手段之一,这种无形的环境效益和有形的生产效益一样重要。     

不同环境中植物与空气负离子关系研究

空气负离子被誉为"空气维生素",它的存在可以有效地提高森林、城市或是室内的空气质量,而植物又是产生负离子的影响因素之一。文章从室内外两种环境出发,总结探讨了不同环境中植物同空气负离子的关系,得知:空气离子在森林环境中,与植物群落的类型、结构和树种组成相关,在室内环境中,与植物的种类、叶形和植物精气相关。       

木质居室环境综合评价

采用模糊数学理论研究人们对木质居室环境的综合评价,并将其与传统建筑物的室内环境进行了比较。通过调查研究表明,专家们对木质复合墙体结构住宅的室内环境的评价较高,这种结构的住宅在人们的主观意识中能得到认可。     

Properties of particleboard manufactured using an air-injection radio-frequency hot press

A hot press was used to manufacture particleboards (H boards). A radio-frequency hot press (for RH boards) and an air-injection radio-frequency hot press (for ARH board) were also used, and the effects of air injection on preventing blowout and board properties were analyzed. The thicknesses and densities of manufactured boards were 10 and 30 mm, and 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 g/cm³, respectively. The investigation ascertained the effects of air injection in preventing blowout when a radio-frequency hot press is used. The increasing order of temperature was ARH board > RH board > H board during the final pressing stage. For the 30-mm-thick boards, the temperature of H board increased to 100 °C and remained constant at 100 °C even when the pressing time was extended. The temperature of the RH board increased to 100 °C more quickly than in the case of the H board and remained constant at 110–118 °C. The temperature of the ARH board increased linearly to 130–142 °C. For both the 10- and 30-mm-thick boards, the internal bond strength of the RH board was almost the same as that of the ARH board at densities of 0.6 and 0.7 g/cm³. In contrast, the internal bond strength of the RH board was lower than that of the ARH board at a density of 0.8 g/cm³. For the 10-mm-thick boards, the thickness swelling in the RH board was almost the same as that in the ARH board irrespective of the density. However, for the 30-mm-thick boards, the thickness swelling in the RH board was higher than that in the ARH board. The low plasticization of particles due to air injection presumably results in a high degree of thickness swelling.     

定向结构板居室室内热环境的研究

运用温湿度自动记录仪对3种不同结构实体建筑的室内垂直空间的温湿度，墙体内外表面温度进行了监测，分析了建筑物的日平均温度变动比、衰减倍数。墙体内外表面以及室内垂直空间的温湿度分布，研究结果表明，内外表面均采用定向结构板，中间填充玻璃棉的复合墙体比传统砖墙的保温隔热性能好，能有效地抵抗外界大气环境对室内热环境影响的作用。     

木材常规蒸汽干燥室散热器面积配置的分析

为了给木材干燥设备制造企业提供优化设备配置和节能降耗的技术参数,探讨了木材常规蒸汽干燥室的壳体类型、蒸汽温度、风速及我国各地气候条件等因素对散热器面积配置的影响。分析结果表明:干燥室壳体及保温材料类型、散热器内蒸汽温度对散热器面积配置影响很大;年平均气温高的地区,干燥室所需散热器面积小于寒冷地区;干燥室内风速高时所需散热器面积较小。     

干栏民居新型原竹承重楼板技术研究与实践

篾笆楼面板是传统干栏民居广泛采用的楼面技术,存在刚度低、不防火、隔音差等缺点,严重影响干栏民居的安全性和舒适性。为克服篾笆楼面板的缺陷,提出了一种新型原竹承重楼板技术,利用原竹天然具有的优良物理力学特性,密排铺设在楼面格栅上,具有很好的承载能力,在原竹表面铺设防潮层,用纤维增强黏土做找平层,方便多种现代楼面装饰做法。该技术已经成功运用于示范项目建设,该技术的推广应用,不但可以显著提高干栏民居的安全和舒适水平,还有助于减少木材、水泥、钢材等建筑材料的消耗,有良好的社会、环境和生态效益。     

Seasonal dynamics and impact factors of urban forest CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentration in Harbin,China

CO₂ concentrations in different plant communities (larch, birch, lilac, and grassland) were measured during the growing season in the Heilongjiang Forest Botanical Garden to study diurnal variation, seasonal and annual dynamics and factors that impact CO₂ concentration in different spaces. CO₂ concentration in different communities in green lands had an obvious diurnal variation, chronically decreasing, and temperature influenced the lilac area and the grassland. Seasonally, CO₂ was lowest in the larch green land (344.03 ± 23.03 μmol/mol) and highest in the grassland (360.13 ± 22.43 μmol/mol). The overall trend in CO₂ concentration was autumn > spring > summer; temperature is the main factor controlling variation in CO₂ concentrations during the growing season; the CO₂ concentration at the larch, birch, lilac, and grassland types of sites was negatively correlated with land surface temperature and air temperature, and the CO₂ concentration at the larch and birch sites was positively correlated with atmospheric pressure. Without any obvious annual change law, further study and observation are needed.     

Effects of heat treatment on water-soluble extractives and color changes of merbau heartwood

Merbau is widely used for indoor finishing, outdoor constructions, and furniture. However, it has a disadvantage in some applications in that part of its extractives is water-soluble and can be readily leached out to stain adjacent materials. This study examined whether heat treatment could overcome the above-mentioned problem. Effects of the treatment temperature and time on water-soluble extractives and color changes of merbau heartwood were studied. CIELAB ΔL ^*, Δa ^*,Δb ^*, and ΔE ^* parameters and absorbance spectra were used to evaluate color change and water-soluble extractive solutions, respectively. The results show that heat treatment is an efficient technique to overcome the problem caused by water-soluble extractives of merbau heartwood. Surface color of the treated samples tends to become darker and color of the extractive solution becomes fading to transparent when the treatment temperature and time increased. The absorbance of UV light decreases in intensity and the dominant absorption peak appears around 350 nm when the treatment temperature and time increase. The optimized parameters of treatment temperature and time are 170 °C and 4 h. Modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the heat treated samples under the optimized parameters decrease by 29.6 and 12.9 %, respectively, compared with those of the untreated samples.     

Investigation of changes in compressed moso bamboo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys pubescens</Emphasis>) after hot-press molding

In this study, molding moso bamboo strips to a curved shape using hot-press molding operation was explored. Bamboo strips with different thickness and moisture content (MC) were subjected to press molding under 120–210 °C for different time. Changes in the chemical components of bamboo were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Effect of MC on thermal mechanical behavior of bamboo was investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Results showed that the influencing degree of four variables on compression and recovery ratios decreased as: temperature?>?time?>?thickness?>?MC. Compression ratio increased and recovery ratio decreased dramatically when pressing temperature exceeded 180 °C. FTIR analysis indicated that polysaccharide (especially hemicelluloses) underwent a progressive thermal degradation during compression at 180 and 210 °C for 40 min, whereas relative content of lignin increased. DMA results showed that bamboo samples with a higher MC had a lower storage modulus value, confirmed water had a plasticizing effect. The loss factor of bamboo with higher MC (12 and 16%) exhibited two major transitions centred around 100 °C (α₁) and 50 °C (α₂), respectively. The temperature of these α transitions kept almost unchanged as moisture level increased from 12 to 16%. These findings provide fundamental information for the future preparation of curved bamboo as profiled components in engineered products.     

浅谈家居绿化配置

家居绿化是近年刚兴起的一种环境保护措施,目前还处于起步阶段。家居绿化不仅能改善室内空气质量,美化环境,而且能陶冶情操,显示主人的高雅品位。根据不同的绿化场所而确定最适宜的植物装饰类型、植物的选择类型及养护与管理,以便于利用有限的空间和资源创造出宜居的健康环境,为现代家居增添绿意。打造健康生活。     

Magnetic resonance imaging of moisture distribution in Pinus sylvestris L. exposed to daily indoor relative humidity fluctuations

Abstract

In contact with indoor air, wood materials have a high potential passively to reduce the indoor humidity fluctuations resulting from internal moisture loads and outdoor humidity fluctuations. This ability, characterized by the moisture buffering capacity of building materials, has attracted increasing attention within building physics, but a suitable method to appraise and quantify this phenomenon is still sought. In this study, a non-invasive spectroscopic method of accessing information about the interaction between indoor air and Scots pine was investigated. A comprehensive account is given of spatially resolved moisture absorption (desorption) into (from) Scots pine by proton magnetic resonance imaging ([¹H]MRI) based on an effective single-point imaging (SPI) sequence. SPI images of bound-water distribution in Scots pine with a spatial resolution on a sub-millimetre scale were acquired when one of the orthotropic directions of the wood material was exposed to typical indoor day-to-day moisture fluctuations. The nuclear magnetic resonance imaging measurements presented in this study clearly show the potential of the method to provide accurate spatial information about the wood–water interaction below the fibre saturation point and hence to characterize the moisture buffering capacity of wood materials.     

夏热冬冷地区节能公共建筑墙体热桥效应影响研究——以嘉兴市为例

基于嘉兴地区主流墙体构造,模拟墙体表面温度分布,分析了主体墙传热系数与热桥线传热系数的相关性,研究了热桥效应对墙体保温性能的影响。提出了在节能建筑墙体设计时,在满足墙体保温性能同时,不应只重视主体墙的保温,还要考虑热桥部位保温构造,使主体墙与热桥柱的传热系数相近,避免墙体外表面开裂现象。