维拉帕米对肉鸡肺动脉压和腹水综合征的影响

肉鸡腹水综合征(Ascites syndrome,AS)是普遍发生于商品代肉仔鸡群的一种疾病,其特征是右心肥大、肝脏肿大及明显的腹腔积水。有学者根据肉鸡腹水综合征发病的病理变化和长期研究结果,提出肉鸡肺动脉高压假说,即发病因子→缺氧→肺动脉高压→右心肥大→右心室衰竭→肝脏淤血→腹水和死亡。其中肺动脉高压和右心肥大成为发病的关键环节。维拉帕米(Verapam il)是罂粟碱的衍生物,是一种钙离子内流阻滞剂(慢通道阻制剂),钙离子内流抑制使心肌细胞兴奋-收缩偶联中钙离子的利用降低,影响收缩蛋白的活动,心肌收缩减弱、心脏做功减少。试验旨在研…     

肺动脉高压与肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展的关系

２００只艾维茵商品代肉鸡常规育雏,１５日龄时随机分为两组,１００只在常规温度（２７～２３）℃下饲养,为常温组;１００只在低温（９～１１）℃环境中饲养,为低温组。利用右心导管法动态测定肺动脉压（ＰＡＰｍ）,并测定腹水心脏指数（ＡＨＩ）,统计各组腹水发生率。结果为：（１）分组后７、２１ｄ,低温组ＰＡＰｍ极显著高于常温组（Ｐ〈０．０１）;低温组腹水发生率显著高于常温组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。表明低温可引起肺动     

高盐负荷诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压-腹水综合征

为探讨肺动脉高压在高盐负荷所致肉鸡腹水综合征发生发展的作用。将160只AA商品代肉仔鸡常规饲养至7日龄,随机分成对照组和试验组(饮水中添加0.30%氯化钠),分别于处理后1、2、3、4、5、6周,每组随机抽取8只鸡,利用右心导管法测定平均肺动脉压(mPAP),用温氏法检测红细胞压积(PCV),同时测定腹水心脏指数(AHI),统计腹水发生率。结果表明:(1)高盐负荷诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压,高盐处理1周试验组肉鸡肺动脉压升高为2.91±0.29kPa,显著高于对照组2.18±0.40kPa(P<0.05);并在整个处理期间持续升高,均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)地高于对照组;(2)高盐负荷诱发肉鸡AS,整个试验期间试验组的累计腹水发生率(16.3%)极显著高于对照组(2.5%)(P<0.01);(3)自分组后1周试验组的红细胞压积显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于对照组,且与mPAP极显著相关(15～50日龄,r=0.612,P<0.01);(4)高盐负荷诱发肉鸡右心肥大,处理后2周试验组的AHI显著增高(P<0.05),与mPAP显著相关;并在整个处理期间相关程度逐渐密切(22日龄,r=0.532,P<0.05;50日龄,r=0.756,P<0.01)。这些结果说明肺动脉高压是高盐负荷所致肉鸡AS的中心环节,并且与右心肥大密切相关。     

肉鸡腹水综合征研究进展

肉鸡腹水综合征 ,又称肺动脉高压综合征 ,是影响世界肉鸡饲养业的主要疾病之一。文章着重论述了肉鸡腹水综合征的病史、诱发因素、临床病理学特征以及诊断和治疗的最新研究进展 ,同时对其发病机理提出了三种假说。为进一步揭示其发病机理 ,更好地预防和治疗肉鸡腹水综合征提供了理论参考     

肉鸡腹水综合征最新研究进展

肉鸡腹水综合征（AS）是危害快速生长幼龄肉鸡的以浆液性液体过多地积聚在腹腔、肺脏瘀血和水肿、右心扩张心肌肥大、心包液增多、肝脏肿大为主要特征的非传染性疾病。由于这种病一般由肺动脉压增高引起，最近又把此病称为肺动脉高压综合征（Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome，PHS）。该病与猝死综合征和生长障碍综合征已是世界性的肉鸡饲养业的三种最严重的新病，由于死亡或降低屠宰率造成很大的经济损失。不同品种和日龄的鸡群都有发生，     

缺氧、肺动脉高压、心脏功能与肉鸡腹水综合征的关系

为阐明缺氧、肺动脉高压、心脏功能与肉鸡腹水综合征 (ascites syndrome,AS)之间的关系 ,比较了正常肉鸡、亚临床腹水鸡和腹水鸡的右心室平均压 (m RVP)、平均肺动脉压 (m PAP)、心电图 导联 S波幅 (L ead S)、红细胞压积(HCT)、动脉血血氧饱和度 (Sa O2 )、心率 (HR)和右心肥大指数 (RV/ TV) ,并对这些指标进行相关分析和回归分析。结果表明 :在 AS的发展过程中 ,m RVP、m PAP、L ead S、HCT和 RV/ TV逐渐升高 ,HR和 Sa O2 逐渐下降 ;各指标相互之间的相关性都很高 (P<0 .0 0 1) ;HCT发生变化较其他指标早。此外 ,亚临床腹水鸡的左心室和体质量的比值 (L V/BW)及全心室和体质量的比值 (TV/ BW)最高 ,与腹水鸡的 L V/ BW值差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;正常鸡的 TV/ BW最低 ,与亚临床腹水鸡的差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。结果说明肺动脉压升高与机体慢性缺氧有关 ,且是造成右心肥大衰竭和 AS的原因 ;AS发展早期肉鸡心脏功能是代偿性增加的 ;m RVP、m PAP、L ead S、HCT和 Sa O2 可作为早期诊断、预测AS的指标。     

肉鸡腹水综合征及肉鸡猝死综合征

肉鸡腹水综合征与猝死综合征是严重影响肉鸡生产的 2种非传染性疾病。据全球 18个国家统计 ,二者的发病率分别为 4 7%与 4 0 % ,年经济损失超过 10亿美元。目前认为 ,这 2种疾病具有同一性质的代谢与病理变化 ,但临床上的表现不同 ,即发病快者为猝死综合征 ,发病慢者为腹水症。主要原因是生长过快 ,使得心肺功能不能适应整体代谢的需求 ,引起肺动脉高压所致。     

内皮素在肉鸡腹水综合征肺动脉高压中的病理学意义

肉鸡腹水综合征是当今世界各国肉鸡养殖业的一大难题 ,是造成肉仔鸡淘汰、死亡的重要原因之一。在许多国家 ,寒冷季节肉鸡腹水综合征造成的经济损失已经超过了传染病。对于我国肉鸡饲养业而言 ,大部分的肉鸡饲养集中于北方地区 ,每年饲养期有一半时间处于寒冷时期 ,因此肉鸡腹水综合征成为冬春季节危害最为严重的疾病之一。肉鸡腹水综合征的发病涉及环境、营养、遗传、饲养管理等多方面因素 ,目前普遍认为缺氧性肺动脉高压是肉鸡腹水综合征病理机制的中心环节 ,而肺血管收缩和肺血管结构重建为缺氧性肺动脉高压的特征。研究表明 ,肺及肺血管…     

肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征研究进展

肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征研究进展李锦春王小龙（南京农业大学动物医学院,江苏南京２１００９５肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征（Ｐｕｌｍｏｎａｒｙｈｙｐｅｒｔｅｎ－ｓｉｏｎｓｙｎｄｒｏｍｅ,ＰＨＳ）,又称肉鸡腹水综合征,是一组以腹水为特征的临诊综合征。由于肺动脉高压是该...     

内皮素在肺动脉高压综合征肉鸡中的作用

通过急性试验确定内皮素（Endothelin，ET）对试验肉鸡肺动脉压的升压作用及其量效关系；在肉鸡快速生长期长时间给予ET，观察试验鸡发病率变化。结果表明：（1）在25ng／kg剂量静脉给予时，可引起肉鸡肺动脉压升高并达到与发病鸡相近的水平。（2）长期给予ET后，试验组30d发病率为6．7％，44d发病率13．3％，对照组发病率为0。同时，试验组红细胞压积（PCV）、腹水心脏指数（AHI）亦显著高于对照组。此结果表明，ET-1可通过缩血管效应引起肺动脉压升高，是致发肉鸡腹水综合征的一个重要因素。     

肉鸡腹水综合征及其防治

肉鸡腹水综合征(Ascites syndrome in broilers)亦称高原病、腹水症、雏鸡水肿病、心衰综合征、腹腔积水等,以腹腔内积聚大量浆液性液体,右心肥大扩张,肺部淤血水肿和发生病变为特征.本病多见于生长快速的幼龄肉用仔鸡,是造成鸡群成活率下降、死淘率上升的重要原因之一,已成为危害肉鸡饲养业发展的世界性严重问题.本病最早见于1946年美国关于雏火鸡发生腹水综合征的报道,而肉用仔鸡发生该病的报道则最先于1958年来自北美.此后,英国、意大利、德国、加拿大、澳大利亚、毛里求斯、秘鲁、墨西哥及日本等国家相继报道了本病,在墨西哥本病已成为引起肉用仔鸡死亡的主要原因,平均每群死亡率高达15%以上.该病在我国出现较晚,仅80年代后期随着肉鸡饲养业的兴起才逐渐被发现和认识,近年来已有发病的报道,且发病率有上升趋势,发生地域也不断扩大并造成了一定经济损失,正受到人们的普遍关注.     

Proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in the development of ascites syndrome in broilers induced by low ambient temperature

Pulmonary vascular remodelling, mainly characterized by arterial medial thickening, is an important pathological feature of broiler ascites syndrome (AS). Since vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) form the major cellular component of arterial medial layer, we speculate that VSMC proliferation is one of the causes of pulmonary arterial medial thickening in ascitic broilers. Hence, the present study was designed to investigate the role of VSMC proliferation in pulmonary vascular remodelling in development of AS induced by low ambient temperature. Broilers in control group (22 +/- 1.5 degrees C) and low temperature group (11 +/- 2 degrees C) were sampled every week at 15-50 days of age. Proliferative indexes of VSMC in pulmonary arteries were assessed with proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and the relative medial thickness (RMT) and relative wall area (RWA), as indexes of pulmonary vascular remodelling, were examined by computer-image analysing system. The results showed that the high incidence (18.75%) of AS was induced by low temperature, and a significantly increased VSMC proliferation was observed in pulmonary arteries in the low temperature group at 22-50 days of age (P < 0.05). In addition, RMT and RWA in pulmonary arteries were significantly elevated in the low temperature group from 36 days of age (P < 0.05), indicating that pulmonary vascular remodelling occurred following VSMC proliferation in AS. Our data suggest that proliferation of VSMC may facilitate pulmonary vascular remodelling and have a pivotal role in AS induced by low ambient temperature.     

肉鸡腹水综合症的营养调控

研究肉鸡饲料营养物质表明降低肉仔鸡能量和蛋白水平,相应增加具有抗氧化功能的物质如Vc和VE等维生素以及与抗氧化酶有关的Zn、Se、Mn等矿物元素,可显著降低腹水综合症的发生率。改变饲料中其他营养素如Ca、L-精氨酸水平,降低Na^＋和胆碱等水平,特殊营养调控物质如脲酶抑制剂和L-肉碱以及泛醌等的应用,都可有效地减轻本病的发生。     

低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征发生过程中肺血管重塑与肺动脉高压的关系

将160只15日龄雄性AA商品代肉鸡随机分为对照组((22±1.5)℃)和低温组((11±2)℃)。15~50日龄,每组每周随机取6只,以右心导管法直接测定肺动脉压(PAP),并取肺组织做石蜡切片进行Weigert-间苯二酚复红染色,分析肺血管重塑情况。50日龄时统计整个饲养过程中肉鸡腹水综合征(AS)发生率。结果显示,低温组肉鸡AS发生率(18.75%)极显著高于对照组(1.25%)(P<0.01);低温组肉鸡PAP从22日龄开始较对照组明显升高(P<0.01或P<0.05);20~50、50~100、100~200μm肺动脉结构分别从36、43、43日龄开始较对照组发生了明显的重塑(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结果表明,低温诱发肉鸡AS过程中出现了明显的PAP升高和肺血管重塑,且肺动脉高压(PH)促进了肺血管重塑,肺血管重塑加剧了PAP升高。     

真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的预防效果

选用肉仔鸡256只，随机分成正常对照、腹水征对照、真武汤预防和维生素C＋E预防4个组，研究了真武汤对肉鸡腹水综合征的预防效果。结果显示，真武汤预防组和正常对照组腹水发病率极显著低于腹水征对照组（P〈0．01），真武汤预防组腹水发病率显著低于腹水征对照组（P〈0．05）；腹水征对照组AHI极显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01），显著高于真武汤预防组（P〈0．05）；腹水征对照组PCV、RBC和Hb均显著高于真武汤预防组和正常对照组（P〈0．05）；真武汤预防组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中SOD活性显著高于腹水征对照组（P〈0．05），同时真武汤预防组血浆、心、肝和肺组织中的MDA含量显著低于腹水征对照组（P〈0．05）。结果表明，饮水中加真武汤口服液，能提高机体抗氧化能力，改善血液组织中的理化参数，提高机体抗冷应激能力，降低AS的发病率。     

维拉帕米对腹水综合征患鸡右心室重塑过程中增殖细胞核抗原变化的影响

右心肥大衰竭是导致腹水综合征(Ascites syndrome,AS)患鸡发病的重要因素。增殖细胞核抗原(Prolifera-ting cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)是细胞周期早期G1和S期的标记物,为同源三聚体,参与DNA的复制和修复。本试验观察了低温诱发AS过程中肉鸡右心组织PCNA表达的动态变化及其维拉帕米对其的影响。结果显示:在29、36、43、50日龄时,与对照组肉鸡相比,低温组肉鸡右心室心肌细胞增殖指数和成纤维细胞增殖指数极显著增高(P0.01);与低温组肉鸡相比,维拉帕米组肉鸡右心室心肌细胞和成纤维细胞增殖指数显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01)。结果表明,环境低温可在一定程度上促进肉鸡右心室心肌细胞和成纤维细胞增殖。维拉帕米可抑制心肌细胞和成纤维细胞过度增殖,从而可能防止右心肥大的发生。     

Effect of L-NAME on pulmonary arterial pressure,plasma nitric oxide and pulmonary hypertension syndrome morbidity in broilers

1. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of a synthetic inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase (L-NAME) on pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS) morbidity in broilers. 2. In Experiment 1, broilers were infused intravenously with L-NAME, and the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mean PAP) and plasma NO were measured at 0, 1, 2 and 4 h after the start of infusion. The mean PAP increased and plasma NO was reduced at 1 to 2 h in broilers treated with L-NAME. 3. In Experiment 2, 180 Arbor Acres broilers were evenly divided into three groups: a control group (group C), and two groups exposed to low environmental temperatures and fed a 3, 3, 5-triiodothyronine (T3) supplemented diet alone (group A) or also including 100 ppm L-NAME (group B). 4. The PHS morbidity of group A was higher than for group C but lower than for group B. Plasma endothelin-1 was higher in broilers in groups A and B than in group C. Plasma NO was not significantly lower in broilers of group B when compared with those in group A. 5. The right/total ventricular weight ratio (RV/TV) and mean PAP were higher in groups A and B than in group C, and the RV/TV ratio increased one week earlier in group B than in group A. 6. These results suggest that L-NAME increases broiler PAP by inhibiting the endogenous synthesis of NO, leading to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy and the increased morbidity of PHS in broilers.     

Effects of extrathoracic airway obstruction on intrathoracic pressure and pulmonary artery pressure in exercising horses

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether dorsal displacement of the soft palate (DDSP) results in pulmonary artery hypertension and leads to increases in transmural pulmonary artery pressure (TPAP); to determine whether pulmonary hypertension can be prevented by prior administration of furosemide; and to determine whether tracheostomy reduces pulmonary hypertension. ANIMALS: 7 healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Horses were subjected to 3 conditions (control conditions, conditions after induction of DDSP, and conditions after tracheostomy). Horses were evaluated during exercise after being given saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or furosemide. RESULTS: Controlling for drug, horse, and speed of treadmill, DDSP-induced increase in intrathoracic pressure was associated with a significant increase in minimum (36 mm Hg), mean (82 mm Hg), and maximum (141 mm Hg) pulmonary artery pressure, compared with values for control horses (30, 75, and 132 mm Hg, respectively). Increases in pulmonary artery pressure did not induce concomitant increases in TPAP. Tracheostomy led to a significant reduction of minimum (53 mm Hg), and mean (79 mm Hg) TPAP pressure, compared with values for control horses (56 and 83 mm Hg, respectively). When adjusted for horse, speed of treadmill, and type of obstruction, all aspects of the pulmonary artery and TPAP curves were significantly decreased after administration of furosemide, compared with those for horses given saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. CONCLUSIONS: DDSP was associated with increases in pulmonary artery pressure but not with increases in TPAP. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Expiratory obstructions such as DDSP are likely to result in pulmonary hypertension during strenuous exercise, but may not have a role in the pathogenesis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.     

肉鸡血清肌钙蛋白T与腹水综合征的关系研究

本试验建立了肉鸡血清中心源性肌钙蛋白T(Tn-T)的ELISA测定方法,用于对肉鸡腹水综合征的早期非损伤性诊断指标.结果表明,患腹水综合征肉鸡的血清Tn-T平均测定值为0.242±0.0703 ng/ml,而正常鸡的平均值为0.1 79±0.0467 ng/ml;以血清肌钙蛋白T测定值大于等于0.2 ng/ml作为判定肉鸡腹水综合征的标准,判别准确性达到78%.检测血液中肌钙蛋白T是诊断幼龄鸡早期心脏病的重要方法,可作为一种非损伤性方法用于针对肉鸡腹水综合征的育种方案中.