大葱种子人工老化与自然老化的活力变化比较研究

以大葱种子为材料,通过定期测定人工老化(45℃、100%RH)和自然老化(室温贮藏)各项活力和生理生化特性的变化,研究大葱种子衰老过程中的活力变化规律及两种研究方式的差异。结果表明,经人工老化处理的大葱种子,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和CAT活性随老化时间的延长而逐渐下降,POD活性随老化时间先下降后上升,种子活力在老化初期下降较快,后期下降较慢,而SOD活性和自由基含量变化不明显。自然老化状态下大葱种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、CAT和POD活性均随自然贮藏时间下降显著,说明种子的活力丧失明显。在发芽率变化一致的情况下,自然老化大葱种子发芽势、发芽指数、CAT活性、POD活性下降明显快于人工老化的种子,人工老化与自然老化的老化规律不完全一致,不能完全替代自然老化。     

不同老化处理时间对棉花种子生理生化的影响

以鲁棉10号棉花种子为实验材料,用LH-80型人工老化箱处理棉花种子0(ck),2,4,6,8d和12d,测定其发芽指标(发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数)和生化指标(SOD、POD和MDA活性)以及相对电导率.结果表明:随着老化程度的加深,发芽指标均呈现下降趋势,与对照相比分别降低7.66％～30.00％、3.34％～28.00％和2.27％～14.82％.老化过程中,SOD和POD活性随着老化时间的延长总体均降低,而MDA活性和相对电导率随老化时间的延长总体逐渐升高.     

人工老化处理对芥蓝种子生理生化特性的影响

为探究芥蓝种子在不同老化处理下的种子活力及生理生化特性,以不同芥蓝品种为材料,采用40℃、100%相对湿度进行高温高湿人工加速老化的处理方法,测定芥蓝种子发芽势、发芽率、种子活力和生理生化指标。结果表明:芥蓝种子发芽势、发芽率、活力指数、可溶性糖含量、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均随着人工老化处理时间的增加而下降;相对电导率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性蛋白含量则出现上升的变化趋势;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性呈先增后降的变化趋势;且3号品种较5号品种清除自由基及过氧化物的能力弱。分析种子活力及生理生化指标的变化规律,揭示芥蓝种子劣变的机理,可为减缓种子老化进程和延长种子寿命提供理论依据。     

芝麻种子老化处理生理特性变化及种子活力适宜检测方法研究

以4种经过人工老化处理不同类型（单秆型白芝麻、分枝型白芝麻、单秆型黑麻和分枝型黑芝麻）芝麻种子为试验材料,采用标准发芽试验、电导率测定、MDA含量测定、POD活性测定和TTC还原量等方法进行种子活力测定,研究老化处理对芝麻种子生理生化的影响,并与模拟田间出苗率进行相关性分析,以确定不同类型芝麻种子活力检测的适宜方法。结果表明：芝麻种子老化过程中,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、TTC还原量和POD活性逐渐下降,MDA含量逐渐增加,电导率变化趋势材料间不一致;不同种质的抗老化能力存在差异。单秆型白芝麻种子活力检测的适宜方法为发芽率和电导率测定;分枝型白芝麻种子活力检测的适宜方法是发芽率、电导率测定、MDA含量测定、POD活性测定和TTC还原量测定;单秆型黑芝麻种子活力检测的适宜方法是发芽率和POD活性测定;分枝型黑芝麻种子活力检测的适宜方法是发芽率和TTC还原量测定。芝麻在42～43℃、100％RH条件下,人工老化处理的最佳时间为72 h。     

芥兰老化种子活力指标相关性分析

研究了芥兰种子经人工老化后各活力指标的相关性.结果表明,芥兰种子经人工老化后,各活力指标均有显著变化;种子发芽率,活力指数,POD活性与田间出苗率呈显著正相关,而种子浸出液的电导率则与田间出苗率呈显著负相关.经人工老化的芥兰种子发芽率与田间出苗率的相关程度最高,老化法发芽率可直接预测芥兰种子田间出苗率.     

60Co-γ射线辐照高粱的生物学效应及适宜诱变剂量的研究

以60Co-γ射线辐照高粱材料,研究M1代种子萌发过程中植株形态及生理指标的影响,并对不同供试材料的适宜诱变剂量进行预测.用300、600、900、1200 Gy剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照高粱654、ICSV111/1022和BTx623的干种子,调查了种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽第12天幼苗生长量、活力指数以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(cAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性.结果表明:低剂量辐射(≤300 Gy)对高粱种子的发芽势及发芽率有促进作用,剂量>300 Gy时,逐渐转化为抑制作用;幼苗生长量、活力指数随着辐射剂量的增大而减小,与辐射剂量间存在显著的负相关关系;SOD、CAT、POD活性则与辐射剂量间存在显著的正相关关系,即随着辐射剂量的增大而增强.研究认为:M1代种子的发芽率、幼苗生长量、活力指数、SOD、CAT、POD活性的变化均可反映高粱材料的辐射诱变效应;不同材料耐受辐照的能力有所差异,ICSV111/1022>654>BTx623.3个高粱材料的适宜辐射诱变剂量差异很大,变幅在300～700 Gy之间.     

玉米杂交种老化过程中种子活力及生理特性的变化研究

以丹玉405、新丹336、宏硕737这3个玉米杂交种作为试验材料,研究人工加速老化后玉米杂交种种子活力及生理特性的变化。结果表明:种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数和玉米种胚中脱氢酶活性随着老化时间的延长均呈下降趋势,且活力指数先于发芽率和发芽指数表现出下降趋势;老化10d时新丹336、宏硕737和丹玉405的脱氢酶活性分别下降了71.05%、68.75%、67.21%,相对电导率分别增加了30.77%、30.84%和17.27%,至老化8d时丹玉405、宏硕737、新丹336的MDA含量分别增加了2.23倍、1.44倍、0.67倍。综合各项发芽指标及活力指标可知丹玉405的耐老化能力最强,其次为宏硕737,新丹336的耐老化能力最弱。     

山杏,沙棘种子活力测定的电导法

该文研究了用电导法测定山杏，沙棘种子活力的方法，适用条件，采用灰色关联度分析方法分析了发芽率，电导率，发芽势，老化时间以及简化活力指数的关联关系，并以简化活力指数，电导率为母序列对各指标的关联度进行排序。通过回归分析建立了电导率与发芽率，发芽势，生活在力，简化活力指数以及简化活动指数与电导率，发牙率，发芽势，生活力的回归方程，从而找出了电导法测定山杏，沙棘种子活力方法。     

人工老化对柳枝稷种子活力和膜透性的影响

为研究柳枝稷种子活力对人工老化的响应,分别以柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum L.)3个品种Cave-in-rock、Alamo和Sunburst的种子为试验材料,采取高温高湿人工老化方法从0~96h每12h为间隔,设置9个老化时间,研究人工加速老化处理对柳枝稷种子活力指标及膜透性的影响。结果表明,随老化时间的增加,种子发芽势、发芽率以及活力指数先(12h)急剧下降而后缓慢下降,浸种液电导率呈先趋于平缓再上升趋势。不同老化程度种子的发芽率、发芽势及活力指数相关性极显著(p0.01),与浸种液电导率呈极显著负相关。人工老化处理可导致柳枝稷种子发芽的降低和膜透性的变化。     

大葱种子人工老化与膜脂过氧化的研究

大葱种子经过人工老化处理后,其发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数下降,活力指数较发芽率和发芽指数下降明显,种子老化6天后活力指数比对照下降70％。脱氢酶、SOD、POD活性和GSH含量也呈下降趋势,而浸出液可溶性糖、MDA、自由基、H2O2的含量增加,GSH、H2O2、自由基、可溶性糖含量与种子活力显著相关,并且较其他指标变化更为显著。说明大葱种子人工老化过程中膜脂过氧化加剧,膜结构和功能遭到破坏。因此,大葱种子人工老化与膜脂过氧化直接相关。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.