核辐照技术中试基地运行及经营管理初探

钻－60Y辐照装置是辐射加工的主要工具之一，它的发展与核辐照技术发展是同步的。我国核辐射加工技术的研究及应用始于50年代末期，在80年代得到飞速发展，并广泛应用到各个领域：食品辐射保藏，医疗用品辐射消毒，灭菌，辐射化工等。但国内的辐照行业离形成辐射技术应用产业化的要求还有一定距离。本文从以下三方面分析阐述核辐照技术中试基地的运行及经营管理的作法，并就如何促进辐照技术应用提出建议。一、用网装置的主要特点福建省农科院稻麦研究所辐照中试基地的辐照装置建成于1995年12月，于1996年元月装源投入试运行。该装置设计装…     

不同辐照处理对茶叶品质的影响

茶叶在加工贮藏过程中极易受潮发霉而影响品质,茶叶的霉菌污染问题比较严重,散装茶叶的霉菌污染明显高于包装茶叶。目前已有不少研究者采用γ射线辐照和微波辐照的方法来灭菌,取得了良好的效果。王盛良等的研究认为微波对茶叶霉菌具有优异的杀灭效果。彭玲等研究了湖南红碎茶的辐照杀菌效果,认为2-4 kGy的剂量能确保霉菌数低于103个/g,且辐照对品质无负面影响。哈益明对罗布麻茶辐照灭菌的研究表明罗布麻茶最佳灭菌剂量范围为6-9 kGy。普洱茶还有螨虫污染问题,利用0.5-1.0 kGy的辐照就能彻底杀螨。上述研究结果表明辐照对杀灭茶叶中…     

我国甜菜种子加工技术的现状及发展对策

简要回顾了甜菜种子加工的发展历程,介绍了国外甜菜种子加工技术特点,分析了我国甜菜种子加工技术现状和存在的问题,阐述了我国甜菜种子加工技术与国外的差距;对我国甜菜种子加工技术及今后的发展方向提出了建议。提高甜菜种子加工技术水平,既可以满足生产上对高质量甜菜种子的需求,实现了甜菜种子优质优价,同时也能够促进甜菜糖业的发展与进步。     

国内外高酸海棠苹果发展现状及果汁市场前景分析

在综述加工苹果高酸海棠发展现状的基础上,针对国内外苹果汁生产及市场需求现状,分析了新疆发展加工苹果原料基地的优势与劣势,指出果汁市场发展空间巨大,地域条件优越,适宜发展高酸海棠苹果。并提出了发展建议。     

我国苎麻剥制加工机械的研究现状与发展

苎麻是我国重要的经济作物，其剥制加工一直是制约苎麻产业化发展的瓶颈之一。本文概要介绍了我国苎麻剥制加工机械及标准的研究现状，提出当前适用的苎麻剥麻机和今后的发展方向。     

福建乌龙茶加工技术发展的问题与对策

近年来,福建乌龙茶产业发展迅猛,效益高涨,但总体上科技对产业的贡献率不高,严重制约着福建乌龙茶产业的国际化拓展。从根本上看,在培育优良乌龙茶茶树品种的前提下,加强我省乌龙茶现代化加工关键技术的投入和研发至关重要。鉴于乌龙茶加工标准化、自动化乃至智能化的产业需求,及福建乌龙茶加工的现代化水平仍然偏低的现状,尊重传统加工技术、加强现代加工成套技术与装备的自主研发、培养新型职业茶农、加强闽台乌龙茶产业合作与交流等不失为福建乌龙茶加工技术的发展良策,也是实施福建省茶业现代化发展战略的重要举措。     

我国苎麻剥制加工机械的研究现状与发展

苎麻是我国重要的经济作物,其剥制加工一直是制约苎麻产业化发展的瓶颈之一.本文概要介绍了我国苎麻剥制加工机械及标准的研究现状,提出当前适用的苎麻剥麻机和今后的发展方向.     

恩施州马铃薯加工业现状与发展浅析

本文分析了恩施州马铃薯加工业发展的优势条件,包括自然地理条件、区位优势、良好的原料品质、较强的科技力量等。同时,揭示了目前尚存在的不足,包括原料供给不足、加工产品单一,企业管理不规范等;提出了从马铃薯淀粉、全粉及变性淀粉、休闲食品、马铃薯硒产品和色素产品食品添加剂加工等方面的发展建议和具体的配套措施,即强化马铃薯加工品种选育与相关技术研究,稳定加工专用薯基地建设,在政府加大政策支持力度的前提下,实施较大的马铃薯加工企业的培育、扶持和引进工程。     

花生快中子,γ射线诱变效应研究

随着育种工作的发展,辐射育种愈来愈被人们所重视和利用,诱变手段亦有新的发展。然而如何正确掌握变异世代,提高有益突变频率,扩大变异谱,提高诱变育种效果等是诱变育种工作中需进一步解决的问题。为此,我们作了不同辐照源和辐照方法及不同世代的诱变效应研究,为诱变育种进一步提供依据。     

甘肃省甜高粱全产业链研究现状与发展对策

详细介绍了甘肃省甜高粱育种、种植及生物燃料乙醇、酵母葡聚糖、谷胱甘肽、果葡糖浆、谷氨酸和饲料生产研究利用现状,分析了当前甜高粱产业发展中存在的突出问题,有针对性地总结提出了6项具体发展措施:(1)抓好武威核技术应用综合产业园建设;(2)积极开展重离子辐照诱变育种;(3)抓好甜高粱种子繁育工作;(4)加快微生物菌种的研发及生产,满足工农业微生物菌种需求;(5)修订标准化种植、养殖技术规范;(6)加快甜高粱生物产品研发、生产及市场开拓。对今后甘肃省及西北地区甜高粱全产业链的健康发展,具有一定的指导作用。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.