AT型载体活性炭吸附抗癌药物试验

AT型活性炭经气流粉碎制成平均粒径0．70μm左右，AT－C1活性炭比表面积1847m2／g，孔半径＜2nm为72．9％，其吸附力每克可吸附顺铂641mg、卡铂795mg、丝裂霉素590mg；AT－C2活性炭比表面积1400m2／g，孔半径＜2nm占54．9％，但中、大孔含量较多，测定顺铂AT-C130min、60min及120min脱吸附率分别为5．6％、9．8％及11．3％。     

STUDIES ON PREPARATION OF COATED ACTIVATED CARBON

试验研究了涂裹活性炭的制造工艺及配方。通过正交试验找出了较佳配方：乳化剂３份，稳定剂８份，粘结剂１０份，水５０份。由此配方所研制的涂裹炭，若原料炭碘值为６８０．６ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度为８５．１６％，则涂裹活性炭性能为：碘值６４５．１ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度为８９．９２％，炭粉减少率为９８．７％；若原料炭碘值为１０１８．２ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度为８２．２１％，则涂裹活性炭性能为：碘值９６７．１ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度８７．９２％，炭粉减少率９８．５％。对比原炭与涂裹活性炭的性能参数，可知本涂裹活性炭研制实验是成功的。该研究技术有望扩大活性炭的使用性能及应用范围。     

大熊猫主食竹种天然更新幼竹密度调节试验

通过不同地及竹种间，按不同留竹盖度控制密度，调节４－５年后，结果是：幼竹更新复壮时间可比对照竹提早７－１０年复壮。缺苞箭竹和次序箭竹分别以５０－６０％和６０－７０％留竹盖度调节措施最好。被调动竹生长大幅度提高，生物量高２７．４－１１５．４％；发笋数提高１７．６－５１．９％；高径等也分别提高２２．３－２４．８％和１３．６－２４．８％。幼竹结构改善，出叶期和发笋期比对照提前１５天左右。     

黑桑树种子萌发耐盐程度的试验

由于新疆荒漠平原土壤均不同程度含有盐碱，因此了解桑树的耐盐程度很有必要，经采用桑树当年生枝条作耐盐试验，发现桑叶一脱离母体便萎焉下垂，故改用种子做萌发耐盐试验。1、试验方法（1）取当地自然盐土，按5：1水土比浸提，用烘干法测出总盐含量为43．7％，各阴离子含量如下：CI－4．54％，SO42－0．12％，CO32-4.20％，HCO3－2．01％。用自然盐止侵提原液，按百分比浓度配制成0．1％－1．2％12个梯度，用蒸馏水做对照。（2）分别用NaCI、Na2SO4、Na2CO3和NaHCO3试剂，按其各自阴离子分子量配制成上述12个梯度的单盐溶液。将…     

油松离体胚子叶的组织分化和无根试管苗的形成

叙述了成熟油松种子的预处理、灭菌技术和适宜的培养基；研究了培养温度、蔗糖浓度，以及红光等对形态和生理上均已成熟的油松离体胚初始分化的影响。温度为２３～２５℃，红光培养，蔗糖浓度为７％，培养基为ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ１．０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１＋Ｚｉ０．２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１＋ＮＡＡ０．１～０．５ｍｇ·Ｌ－１，培养２０ｄ，不定芽分化率可达４０％～６０％，显著优于其他处理。红光照射和培养基中添加ＡＢＡ还有利于芽丛的伸长和生长。培养基中加活性炭可以减轻外植体褐化现象。     

涂裹活性炭的研制

试验研究了涂裹活性炭的制造工艺及配方。通过正交试验找出了较佳配方：乳化剂３份，稳定剂８份，粘结剂１０份，水５０份。由此配方所研制的涂裹炭，若原料岩碘值为６８０．６ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度为８５．１６％，则涂裹活性炭性能为：碘值６４５．１ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度为８９．９２％，炭粉减少率为９８．７％；若原料炭碘值为１０１８．２ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度为８２．２１％，则涂裹活性炭性能为：碘值９６７．１ｍｇ／ｇ，耐磨强度     

杉木无性系幼树高生长的遗传变异

杉木８２个无性系间１－４年生树高差异极显著，生长量最大相差达１．６－２．７倍。遗传变异系１２．５－２２．８％，广义遗传力估值０．６３３－０．９４１，遗传变异幅度和遗传控制程度都有随树龄增大而变小的趋向。按１０％的入选率，中选无性系的树高平衡遗传增益可达２５％左右，但无性系相对于种子园子代的树高生长优势可能因树龄小而尚水表达出来，２年生与３进行了分析和讨论，认为以提高木材产量为目标选择优良无性系的工     

活性炭用作抗癌药缓释剂的研究与应用

以药用植物为原料，进行多道工艺精制成吸附抗癌药载体活性炭，其亚甲基蓝脱色力达到２８ｍＬ，平均粒度为０．７μｍ，孔半径〈２ｍｍ的占７２．９％，测定其对抗癌药顺铂，卡铂及丝裂霉素的吸附量，每克分别吸附６４ｍｇ，７９５ｍｇ及５９０ｍｇ；３０ｍｉｎ，６０ｍｉｎ及１２０ｍｉｎ对卡铂脱吸附率分别为５．６％，９．８％及１１．３％，活性炭吸附的抗癌药浓度及其周围游离的抗癌药浓度两者之间保持动态平衡，活性炭作为缓释     

单杆芦荟离体快速繁殖技术研究

单杆芦荟离体快速繁殖，芽增殖培养基以MS＋BA2．5mg/L NAA0.2-0.3mg/L，生根培养基以1／2MS＋NAA 2.0mg/L 活性炭0．2％－0．3％，壮苗培养基以1／2MS＋IBA2.0mg/L为好。培养温度以28℃最佳。快速繁殖方法用分叶法比常用的分株、分芽方法，繁殖系数高。培养出的壮苗移栽于河沙中，成活率一般在80％以上。     

小窄径茧蜂的检疫和饲养

小窄径茧蜂在检疫室温度２０－２７℃，相对湿度７５％－８５％，以日光灯和电风扇调节室内光照和通风，蛹期发育良好，羽化率达８７．９％；在饲料室温度２０－２５℃，相对湿度６０％－７５％，有良好的通风光照条件下，成虫取食，交尾活动及后期发育正常，成虫死亡率仅为１．４７％；雄蜂交尾前需要补充营养，检疫观察期间雌雄要分养１－３天，以促进雄蜂性成熟，饲养室内雌雄混合饲料，按雌雄性比３：１或２：１饲养５－７天，在     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.