益生菌对0～52周龄中国荷斯坦后备牛生长发育的影响

本试验旨在研究地衣芽孢杆菌及其复合菌对后备牛生长发育的影响。选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为4组,每组公母各半,分别饲喂基础饲粮(A组,断奶前基础饲粮由代乳粉、开食料和羊草组成,断奶后由精料、羊草和全株青贮玉米组成)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(B组)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的复合菌(C组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1:1)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的复合菌(D组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1:1:1)。每头牛食入益生菌总数为2×1010CFU/d。试验期共52周,每4周空腹称重、测量体尺一次。结果表明,添加地衣芽孢杆菌的B组日增重和末体长显著高于A组,末体重有高于A组的趋势;但添加益生菌对后备牛的体高和胸围没有显著性影响。添加地衣芽孢杆菌对后备牛的生长发育有一定的促进作用。     

Effects of two probiotic additives containing Bacillus spores on carcass characteristics, blood lipids and cecal volatile fatty acids in meat type chickens

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of two commercially available probiotic additives, containing Bacillus spores, on carcass and meat characteristics, serum lipids and concentration of cecal volatile fatty acids of meat type chickens. Birds were fed regular corn-soy meal based feed (control), supplemented with additive A, containing 1.6 × 10(6) spores per gram of feed of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis (group A) or additive B, containing the same concentration of Bacillus cereus var. toyoi spores (group B). One hundred and twenty birds (20 per replicate) were slaughtered at the age of 55 days. Results showed that birds in group B had higher (p < 0.05) final body weight compared to birds from group A and higher carcass weights and yield percentages compared with control. Breasts and whole legs were also heavier in group B, compared to control, but not the yield. Group A had higher yield of wings and lower abdominal fat weight compared to group B (p< 0.05), but not compared with control. Total cholesterol was not affected by the dietary treatment, on contrary both probiotics elevated the LDL (p < 0.05) and lowered HDL cholesterol, thus unfavourably changed animal's blood serum cholesterol profile. Both probiotics influenced the cecal fermentation, which was observed as decrease in cecal concentrations of propionic, butyric, n-butyric and n-valeric acids, but the differences compared to control group were statistically significant for group A only. It was established that probiotic additive B was more effective regarding carcass and meat part weights than additive A, however the animals from group B also had more abdominal fat and their meat had significantly higher conductivity than control group, which is not considered as beneficial.     

Field evaluation of the efficacy of a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores, on the health status and performance of sows and their litters

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of BioPlus 2B, a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores, on the health status and productivity of sows and their litters. A total of 109 gilts and sows were allocated into two experimental groups, as follows: untreated controls (UC) and BioPlus 2B (same feeding as the UC group plus BioPlus 2B) at a dose of 400 g/ton of feed (equal to 1.28 x 10(6) viable spores/g of feed). Treatment started from the day of allocation (14 days prior to the expected farrowing) up to the weaning day. Homogeneity of the groups was satisfied with regard to the parity. From the results it was evident that BioPlus 2B supplementation of the feed improved gilt/sow performance as shown by: (i) the increase of sow feed consumption during the first 14 days postpartum and (ii) the decrease of sow weight loss during the suckling period. Certain blood and milk parameters were significantly improved, as shown by higher serum cholesterol and total lipids concentrations and higher milk fat and protein content at mid-suckling period. As a consequence, a positive effect was also noticed as regard litter health and performance characteristics in terms of: (i) decrease in piglet diarrhoea score, (ii) decrease in pre-weaning mortality thus leading to increase in the number of weaned piglets per litter and (iii) increase in piglet body weight at weaning. Moreover, BioPlus 2B tended to improve the health status and fertility of sows demonstrating: (i) tendency to a lower proportion of sows with Mastitis-Metritus-Agalactia (MMA) problems and (ii) lower proportion of sows returning to oestrus.     

The effect of probiotic LSP 122 on the control of post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome of piglets

Post-weaning diarrhoea syndrome (PWDS) of piglets is caused mainly by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains. A new in-feed probiotic, LSP 122 (Alpharma), containing viable spores of Bacillus licheniformis was tested for its efficacy to control PWDS in piglets in a low health-status farm, using four groups with a total of 256 weaned piglets for a 28-day period. One group (negative control) was offered antimicrobial-free and probiotics-free fed, one group was offered feed supplemented with 10(6)viable spores of Bacillus toyoi (Toyocerin(R)) per gram of feed and two groups were offered feed supplemented with 10(6)and 10(7)viable spores of B. licheniformis per gram of feed, respectively, and were compared with regard to the appearance of clinical signs, mortality, weight gain and feed conversion. The results showed that all groups supplemented with probiotics exhibited a reduced incidence and severity of diarrhoea. Mortality in all probiotic supplemented pigs was significantly lower compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). The evaluation of the weight gain data, as well as feed conversion ratio, indicated that the three treated groups performed remarkably better than the negative control group (P<0.05) and the group receiving the high inclusion of LSP 122 performed better than the two other groups receiving probiotics (P<0.05). No ETEC strains were detected on day 22 in the high inclusion of LSP 122 and Toyocerin groups as compared with the untreated control. It was concluded that the high dosage schedule of LSP 122, providing 10(7)viable spores of B. licheniformis per g of feed, is a very useful agent for the control of PWDS due to ETEC.     

不同组合益生菌对0～8周龄犊牛生长性能及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌对犊牛生长性能和血清生化指标的影响.选取24头新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分为4组,每组公母各1/2,分别饲喂基础饲粮(A组,由代乳粉、开食料和羊草组成)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌(B组)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌的复合菌(C组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1∶1)、基础饲粮+地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的复合菌(D组,复合菌中各菌菌数比例为1∶1∶1).每头牛食入益生菌总数为2×1010 CFU/d.试验期共8周,分0～2周龄、2～4周龄、4～6周龄和6～8周龄4期.每2周空腹称重、测量体尺、采血1次,每天记录采食量和粪便评分情况.试验0～8周龄,B组的平均日增重显著高于A组(P＜0.05),试验各组的料重比差异不显著(P＞0.05);第8周龄时,B组和D组的体躯指数均显著高于A组(P＜0.05);试验各组采食量和犊牛粪便评分差异不显著(P＞0.05);血清生化指标不受本试验处理因素影响(P＞0.05).结果表明,饲粮中添加地衣芽孢杆菌单菌提高了犊牛0～8周龄的平均日增重和8周龄的体躯指数,添加地衣芽孢杆菌与枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳酸杆菌的复合菌提高了犊牛8周龄的体躯指数,添加益生菌对犊牛血清生化指标没有显著影响.     

Field evaluation of the effect of a probiotic-containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis spores on the health status, performance, and carcass quality of grower and finisher pigs

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of BioPlus 2B, a probiotic containing Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis spores, on the health status and productivity of pigs, during weaning, growing and finishing stages of growth. On a commercial farrow-to-finish farm, five experimental groups were formed, each of 54 weaned piglets. The pigs of the first group (double controls) received normal feed with no probiotic and the pigs of the second group (untreated controls) received BioPlus 2B only during the weaning stage. The pigs of the third, the fourth and the fifth group received the same as the second group feed but, at the growing and at a part of the finishing stages, supplemented with three different doses of Bioplus 2B, a low, medium and high dose, respectively. The results have shown that, compared with the double controls, BioPlus 2B-treated pigs had a lower morbidity and mortality during the whole trial period, compared with the double controls (range from 9.26 to 14.81% versus 25.93% and from 0.00 to 3.70% versus 11.1%, respectively), as a result of the lower incidence of post-weaning diarrhoea due mainly to Escherichia coli. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio and carcass quality of the BioPlus 2B-treated pigs were significantly improved compared with the double controls, whilst the beneficial effects of the probiotic were more pronounced when the medium and high doses were used.     

不同类型芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能和排泄物氨逸失的影响

本试验旨在研究不同类型芽孢杆菌制剂对肉鸡生长性能和排泄物氨逸失的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机理。将840只1日龄岭南黄肉用公鸡按试验要求随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复70只鸡。对照组在基础饲粮中添加维吉尼亚霉素和洛克沙胂,试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌(丁酸梭菌组,CBG)、地衣芽孢杆菌(地衣芽孢杆菌组,BLG)和枯草芽孢杆菌制剂(枯草芽孢杆菌组,BSG)。试验期为50 d,分1～21日龄和22～50日龄2个阶段。结果表明:1)地衣芽孢杆菌制剂和枯草芽孢杆菌制剂能显著提高1～21日龄肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),却有增加料重比的趋势(P>0.05);试验组肉鸡1～50日龄和22～50日龄的各生长性能指标与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05),但在试验组中以CBG效果最优。2)试验组盲肠大肠菌群数、需氧菌总数、厌氧菌总数、pH与对照组均无显著差异(P>0.05),但丁酸梭菌制剂能显著提高21日龄和50日龄时的乳酸杆菌数(P<0.05);盲肠内容物和粪便中pH均以CBG最低。3)与对照组相比,试验组血清黄嘌呤氧化酶活性和尿酸含量不同程度地提高,血清尿素氮含量不同程度地降低;盲肠和粪便中尿酸含量也不同程度地降低,而粪便尿素氮含量不同程度地升高;50日龄时BLG和BSG粪便中氨态氮含量显著升高(P<0.05),CBG与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)各组肉鸡12、19和26日龄排泄物氨逸失差异不显著(P>0.05),33、40和47日龄以BSG排泄物氨逸失最高,CBG较对照组有降低排泄物氨逸失的趋势(P>0.05)。结果提示,芽孢杆菌制剂能调节肠道菌群,影响体内氮代谢,并降低盲肠与粪便pH,在本试验条件下以丁酸梭菌制剂效果最优,能在一定程度上降低排泄物氨的逸失。     

复合芽孢杆菌对桑叶发酵品质的影响

现有的饲料添加剂目录中,枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌均被允许用于养殖动物.因此,本研究选择实验室收藏的枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌按不同比例制成复合菌液协同发酵桑叶饲料,并检测发酵第7天、第28天和56天的桑叶品质.桑叶青贮发酵后,发现枯草芽孢杆菌/地衣芽孢杆菌都具有降解纤维、分解脂肪,提高粗蛋白含量的能力,其中,H2组的...     

Assessment of dietary supplementation with probiotics on performance, intestinal morphology and microflora of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella

We evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with different preparations of probiotics on the performance of broiler chickens experimentally infected with 2 × 10(4) sporulated oocysts of Eimeria tenella at 14 days of age. Three hundred, day-old, Cobb-500 chicks, as hatched, were separated into 10 equal groups with three replicates. Two of the groups, one challenged with E. tenella oocysts and the other not, were given a basal diet and served as controls without medication. The other challenged groups were given the anticoccidial lasalocid (60 mg/kg) or Enterococcus faecium (5 × 10(8) or 5 × 10(9)cfu/kg feed), Bifidobacterium animalis (5 × 10(8)cfu/kg feed), Lactobacillus reuteri (5 × 10(8)cfu/kg feed), Bacillus subtilis (5 × 10(8)cfu/kg feed), or a multi-species probiotic mix at 5 × 10(8) or 5 × 10(9)cfu/kg feed, respectively. The trial lasted 6 weeks. Individual body weight, feed intake per pen and feed conversion ratio values were recorded weekly, along with the extent of bloody diarrhea, excreta oocyst numbers and bird mortality. Caecal lesions were assessed and intestinal samples were taken for histopathological and bacteriological evaluation from ileum and caecum. Overall growth performance of chickens fed the multi-species probiotic mix at both levels was higher (P<0.05) compared to the infected control. Overall oocyst shedding was lowest (P<0.05) in the lasalocid supplemented group. Villous height was higher (P<0.05) in Bacillus supplemented groups compared to infected controls. The Lactobacillus supplemented group had the highest (P<0.05) numbers of both Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in ileum and caecum. In conclusion, dietary probiotics are promising for further investigation on improving intestinal health and growth performance of broiler chickens experimentally challenged with E. tenella.     

不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和消化代谢规律的影响

本试验旨在研究不同组合益生菌对育成期水貂生长性能和营养物质消化率及氮平衡的影响。选择96只60日龄、健康状况良好的水貂,随机分为4组,每组24只,公、母各半。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别在基础日粮中添加0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌、6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌、0.06 g地衣芽孢杆菌+0.06 g枯草芽孢杆菌+6 g安琪酵母+12 mL乳酸菌。在水貂育成期内进行饲养与消化代谢试验,分析不同组合益生菌对水貂平均日采食量、平均日增重、料重比、粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率及沉积氮、蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验1组公貂的干物质消化率和试验2组公貂的脂肪消化率显著下降(P<0.05),但不同组水貂的生长性能和氮平衡及母貂的营养物质消化率未受到益生菌的影响(P>0.05)。提示,日粮中添加益生菌不会显著改善育成期水貂的生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮平衡,故在水貂健康的前提下,无需在育成貂日粮中添加益生菌。     

多菌种混合发酵棉籽饼粕制备益生菌生物活性饲料

以棉籽饼粕、麸皮、苹果渣为原料,经霉菌XH001、霉菌XH002、地衣芽孢杆菌E01、枯草芽孢杆菌E02、乳酸菌SR01、酿酒酵母和饲料酵母混合发酵生产益生菌饲料。最佳工艺条件为:发酵温度32℃,原料含水量50%,芽孢杆菌接入时间为发酵后12 h,乳酸菌接种量10%,发酵时间48 h。发酵后饲料粗蛋白含量由原来的27.58%提高到37.92%,氨基酸态氮含量达到1.88%,乳酸菌活菌数达2.3亿cfu/g(干基),芽孢杆菌达18.4亿cfu/g(干基)。     

Assessing dairy potential of western white-faced ewes

Two experiments were conducted to examine the milk producing ability of Western White-Faced sheep and to identify traits that correlate well with milk production. In Exp. 1, 31 Targhee ewes were milked and five samples were taken during 107-d lactations in which the ewes nursed twin lambs. Milk yield and composition, lamb weights, ewe weights, wool growth, and udder size also were measured. In Exp. 2, 24 ewes (Rambouillet x Finn-Dorset) were separated from their lambs at 7 wk and milked twice per day for eight more weeks, during which milk yield and composition, feed consumption, udder width, and ewe weights were measured. Results from Exp. 1 showed that lamb 30-d weights, ewe weights at breeding time, and udder width at peak lactation were highly correlated with suckled milk yield (r = .81, .75 and .66, respectively). Results from Exp. 2 indicated that lamb weights and ewe weights were not useful for predicting milk yield in dairy ewes, but feed intake and udder width were (r = .74 and .86, respectively). Single-day milk yield measurements were excellent estimators of total lactation yield in both experiments. Milk yields averaged 1,714 g/d in the suckled ewes and 477 g/d in the dairy ewes.     

6株芽孢杆菌的生物学特性比较研究

以实验室分离保存的6株芽孢杆菌为材料,对其主要生物学特性进行了研究,包括产酶活力,对NaCl、牛胆盐、人工胃液和人工肠液的耐受性及对抗生素的敏感性。结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌1、凝结芽孢杆菌和蜡样芽孢杆菌均能产生较高活性的中性蛋白酶和淀粉酶;2株枯草芽孢杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌能耐较高浓度的NaCl;枯草芽孢杆菌2、凝结、纳豆和蜡样芽孢杆菌对牛胆盐的耐受性较强;除地衣芽孢杆菌外,其他5株芽孢杆菌对胃液和肠液的耐受性较好;6株芽孢杆菌均对常用饲用抗生素敏感。结果表明,枯草1、凝结、蜡样芽孢杆菌是优良的候选益生菌菌株。     

比较益生菌和中药组合对鸡源大肠杆菌抑菌效果分析

试验比较多种益生菌和中药组合对鸡源大肠杆菌的抑菌效果,并对其抑菌机理进行分析.结果 表明:益生菌中,枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌对鸡源大肠杆菌具有明显的抑菌活性,但地衣芽孢杆菌没有效果.中药组合中,黄连和茯苓、赤芍、金银花、鱼腥草、桂枝分别配伍时抑菌效果明显,但中药组合的抑菌效果明显低于益生菌.进一步研究益生菌中的抑菌成分...     

枯草芽孢杆菌在发酵饲料中的应用研究进展

枯草芽孢杆菌是一种益生菌，在粗饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌进行发酵处理得到的饲料为发酵饲料。本文对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料，几种发酵饲料原料和发酵饲料工艺，以及固态发酵、液体发酵和枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料在不同领域内的应用进行综述，并对枯草芽孢杆菌发酵饲料的应用前景进行展望。 [关键词] 枯草芽孢杆菌|发酵饲料|研究进展     

对妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊补饲秸秆全价颗粒饲料效果的研究

试验采用放牧+补饲的方式,分别利用玉米秸秆和小麦秸秆全价颗粒饲料在冷季对妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊进行补饲,测定妊娠后期母羊体重、血清生化指标、瘤胃液发酵参数及羔羊初生重。试验选取体况相近且健康的妊娠后期母羊60只,随机分为3组,每组20只。试验组补饲营养量根据中国美利奴羊妊娠后期母羊的饲养标准确定（扣除放牧采食量）,试验组Ⅰ补饲小麦秸秆全价颗粒饲料（1.19 kg/（只·d））,试验组Ⅱ补饲玉米秸秆全价颗粒饲料（1.19 kg/（只·d））,对照组按牧民传统方式（玉米0.05 kg/（只·d）、燕麦草0.2 kg/（只·d））补饲,正试期60 d。结果表明,试验组妊娠母羊的平均日增重、羔羊初生重均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而两试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组妊娠母羊血液总蛋白、白蛋白、葡萄糖、总胆固醇浓度及谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;试验组妊娠母羊瘤胃液中总氮、蛋白氮、挥发性脂肪酸浓度和丙酸摩尔比均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,而乙酸摩尔比显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。综上所述,补饲小麦秸秆或玉米秸秆全价颗粒饲料均可改善妊娠后期甘肃高山细毛羊营养状况,促进羔羊的生长发育。     

微生态制剂对肉鸭生长性能的影响

本试验利用枯草芽孢类微生态制剂饲喂樱桃谷肉鸭,通过检测鸭增重和料重比,探索枯草芽孢类微生态制剂对肉鸭生产性能的影响,为合理开发利用枯草芽孢类微生态制剂提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

2株益生菌对皖南黄鸡生产性能影响的研究

分别用0%,0.2%,0.4%,0.6%和0.8%水平的益生菌(由地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌2菌株组成)添加于基础日粮中。每组实验鸡分别饲喂1种日粮,饲喂6周。通过对皖南黄鸡生长性能和屠宰性能分析,研究益生菌对皖南黄鸡生产性能的影响,并对不同水平的益生菌组进行比较。0周龄~3周龄和第6周龄添加益生菌的各组鸡的平均体重和对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。第4周龄和第5周龄末,0.4%和0.6%水平的益生菌组鸡的平均体重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),0.2%和0.8%水平的益生菌组与对照组差异不显著;各益生菌组间差异不显著。从整个饲养期来看,0.4%和0.6%水平益生菌组的平均日增重较高,平均日采食量较低,料重比较优;0.2%和0.8%水平益生菌组的平均日增重和料重比差于对照组。益生菌对皖南黄鸡的屠宰性能指标无显著影响。     

枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC 1.921对蛋鸡生产性能、血常规指标、血清生化指标及免疫球蛋白含量的影响

本试验旨在研究枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC 1.921对蛋鸡生产性能、血常规指标、血清生化指标及免疫球蛋白含量的影响。选用27周龄健康的海兰褐壳蛋鸡360只,随机分为5个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复12只鸡。对照组(1组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(2~5组)分别在基础饲粮中添加1.0×105、1.0×106、1.0×107和1.0×108CFU/g枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC 1.921。试验期24周。结果表明:各组产蛋率、采食量、蛋重、只产蛋量及死淘率均无显著差异(P0.05),但试验2、4、5组料蛋比显著低于对照组(P0.05);饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC 1.921显著升高了血清葡萄糖含量(第2、3、12、16、20周)(P0.05),显著降低了血清尿素含量(第2、3、8、12周)(P0.05);饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC 1.921显著提高了血液白细胞(第1、3、4、8、12、16、20、24周)和淋巴细胞数目(第2、3、4、8、12、16、20、24周)(P0.05),显著升高了血清免疫球蛋白G(第1、4周)和免疫球蛋白M含量(第2、4、8、16周)(P0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加枯草芽孢杆菌CGMCC 1.921降低了料蛋比,对血清葡萄糖、尿素含量和血常规指标指标有一定改善作用,且在一定程度上促进了蛋鸡免疫力的提升。     

Potential Bacillus probiotics enhance bacterial numbers, water quality and growth during early development of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Epidemics of epizootics and occurrence of multiresistant antibiotics of pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture have put forward a development of effective probiotics for the sustainable culture. This study examined the effectiveness of forms of mixed Bacillus probiotics (probiotic A and probiotic B) and mode of probiotic administration on growth, bacterial numbers and water quality during rearing of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in two separated experiments: (1) larval stages and (2) postlarval (PL) stages. Forms of Bacillus probiotics and modes of probiotic administration did not affect growth and survival of larval to PL shrimp. The compositions of Bacillus species in probiotic A and probiotic B did not affect growth and survival of larvae. However, postlarvae treated with probiotic B exhibited higher (P<0.05) growth than probiotic A and controls, indicating Bacillus probiotic composition affects the growth of PL shrimp. Total heterotrophic bacteria and Bacillus numbers in larval and PL shrimp or culture water of the treated groups were higher (P<0.05) than in controls. Levels of pH, ammonia and nitrite of the treated shrimp were significantly decreased, compared to the controls. Microencapsulated Bacillus probiotic was effective for rearing of PL L. vannamei. This investigation showed that administration of mixed Bacillus probiotics significantly improved growth and survival of PL shrimp, increased beneficial bacteria in shrimp and culture water and enhanced water quality for the levels of pH, ammonia and nitrite of culture water.