基于遥感技术的苕溪流域水土流失动态监测研究

以多源遥感影像为信息源，基于ArcGIS平台的空间分析与数据管理等功能，获取苕溪流域土地利用、植被覆盖、水土保持措施等数据，对降雨、土壤、地形、植被、水土保持措施等数据进行处理，提取各土壤侵蚀因子，应用中国土壤流失方程(CSLE)计算土壤侵蚀模数，得到苕溪流域水土流失动态监测成果。监测结果表明，2020年苕溪流域土地利用以林地、建设用地和耕地为主；耕地主要分布在≤2°坡度级；植被覆盖状况良好，九成以上的园、林、草地植被覆盖度大于60%;流域水土流失总面积304.45 km~2,侵蚀强度以轻度侵蚀为主；水土流失主要分布在茶园、人为扰动用地、其他林地及旱地，其中极强烈及以上侵蚀主要分布在人为扰动用地、茶园和坡耕地；整体来看，土壤侵蚀强度改善的区域面积大于加剧的区域面积。     

基于RUSLE的引黄入晋北干线沿线地区土壤侵蚀定量研究

[目的]分析引黄入晋北干线沿线地区土壤侵蚀时空分布特征及其主控因子,为当地水土保持和生态环境建设提供科学的理论依据。[方法]以引黄入晋北干线沿线地区为研究区,基于GIS和RS技术,利用2005,2010,2015年3期Landsat遥感影像,DEM,LUCC,月降水资料,计算土壤侵蚀模数,并分析研究区土壤侵蚀强度的时空变化特征及与主控因子间的关系。[结果]2005,2015年为轻度侵蚀,2010年为中度侵蚀,从2005—2010年土壤侵蚀模数增长80.91%,2010—2015年土壤侵蚀模数降低47.87%,呈先增后减,总体减小的趋势;以北干线为界,界线两侧土壤侵蚀差异显著,朔州市辖区的土壤侵蚀面积和土壤侵蚀量最大。R因子与土壤侵蚀呈正相关,当土壤类型为栗褐土,坡度为8°~15°,土地利用类型为耕地时土壤侵蚀面积最大,当坡度大于25°,土地利用类型为草地和林地时土壤侵蚀量最高。[结论]引黄入晋北干线的施工加剧了沿线地区土壤侵蚀,降雨、土壤类型、坡度、土地利用类型作为主控因子与该地的土壤侵蚀分布联系紧密。因此应确定水土保持重点区域,有针对性地制定水土流失防治措施,改善生态环境。     

阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀的时空变化及驱动力

[目的]分析2000—2020年阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀时空变化及其影响因素,为该区土壤侵蚀治理与国土空间规划提供科学指导。[方法]基于降水、土地利用、土壤和遥感影像等数据,采用GIS技术和RUSLE模型开展研究。[结果](1)2000—2020年阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀强度主要以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主,高等级侵蚀面积不断增加,阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀状况十分严峻;(2)阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀严重区主要分布在阴山山脉沿线和内蒙古多伦县大部分地区;(3)土地利用类型是阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀主要影响因子,各因子解释力大小依次为：土地利用类型>植被覆盖度>降雨>坡度。土地利用类型为耕地,植被覆盖度小于0.3,坡度在15°～20°和降雨量在365～413 mm之间的地区为高风险侵蚀区域。[结论]阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀程度整体偏高。植被覆盖度低的耕地和草地应为阴山北麓地区土壤侵蚀治理重点区域,应采取植树造林种草,扩大林草覆盖面,改善植被覆盖率,降低地表径流速率,提高下渗能力,来控制土壤侵蚀发生。     

本溪县水土流失重点治理区土壤侵蚀评价

以本溪县水土流失重点治理工程万利项目区为例,采用2009—2019年土地利用数据、土壤类型数据、DEM数据、水文站月降雨量等数据率定CSLE方程的相关参数,运用ArcGIS技术计算万利项目区土壤侵蚀强度,进一步分析土壤侵蚀与坡度、土地利用变化间的关系。结果表明:土壤侵蚀强度在不同坡度带上存在较大差异,土壤侵蚀敏感区以15°～25°坡耕地为主;草地、耕地和林地为项目区主要土地类型,具有草地与林地面积逐渐增大、耕地面积不断减少的变化特征;小流域退耕还林措施的实施,可在一定程度上降低土壤侵蚀强度和面积;土壤侵蚀强度与土地利用变化之间的关系密切,草地和林地土壤侵蚀强度较弱、耕地土壤侵蚀相对较强。耕地的减少、林地和草地面积的增大能够明显减弱侵蚀;坡度和土地利用方式为制约土壤侵蚀空间分布的主要因素,15°～25°坡耕地为今后水土保持的重点治理区。     

基于GIS和RUSLE的高山峡谷区土壤侵蚀研究——以云南省泸水县为例

[目的]研究区域土壤侵蚀,揭示水土流失的空间分异规律,为区域水土保持和生态农业建设提供理论指导依据。[方法]应用GIS和RUSLE模型对云南省泸水县的土壤侵蚀进行研究。RUSLE模型中的因子包括降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、坡度坡长因子、植被覆盖和水土保持措施因子,运用GIS空间分析模块,获取泸水县土壤侵蚀模数空间分布图,根据SL 190-2007的分级标准进行土壤侵蚀强度分级,并分析该区土壤侵蚀强度空间分布格局。[结果](1)从各强度侵蚀面积上看,泸水县2014年土壤侵蚀以微度侵蚀为主,占总面积的86.86%,但从平均土壤侵蚀模数看,土壤侵蚀量为4.24×10~6 t,平均侵蚀模数为1 373.1t/(km~2·a),土壤侵蚀强度属于轻度侵蚀;(2)土壤侵蚀较严重区与未利用地、耕地空间分布基本一致,在坡度25°~50°的范围内,侵蚀面积占总侵蚀面积的75%,并且在该坡度段上的耕地面积占总耕地的63%,剧烈侵蚀集中分布在未利用地上,中度以上剧烈以下强度侵蚀集中分布在该坡度段上的耕地上,说明该坡耕地、未利用地对土壤侵蚀的贡献最大,要加强对未利用地的生态治理。[结论]坡度大,陡坡垦殖和未利用地的不合理利用是该区土壤侵蚀加重的主要原因,坡度在25°以上的地区不适宜耕种,应优化农业产业结构如实施退耕还林还草等措施,才能有效的保持水土。     

黄土丘陵区县域土壤侵蚀定量研究

为了探讨黄土丘陵区彭阳县的土壤侵蚀状况,以彭阳县为研究区,2015年ZY-3遥感影像、NDVI、降雨量、DEM(25 m)、宁夏土壤普查数据等为数据源,结合GIS和RS,采用中国土壤侵蚀模型(CSLE)对彭阳县土壤侵蚀进行定量研究,从坡度、土地利用类型、植被盖度3个方面分析了研究区土壤侵蚀的空间分布特征。研究结果表明:(1)彭阳县年均侵蚀模数为1027.21 t/(km^2·a),年侵蚀总量为2.6×10^6 t,各侵蚀等级面积占比随侵蚀强度等级的增强而递减;(2)彭阳县土壤侵蚀与坡度密切相关,随着坡度的增加,土壤侵蚀加剧,且在坡度为15°~35°的区域侵蚀总量最大;(3)不同土地利用类型的水土保持效益为:耕地>林地>园地>草地>建设用地>其它用地>未利用地;(4)植被覆盖对土壤侵蚀的抑制作用显著。研究结果表明,定量研究彭阳县的土壤侵蚀状况,可为县域水土流失治理提供科学依据。     

基于CSLE模型的陕北纸坊沟流域土壤侵蚀评价

[目的]对陕北纸坊沟流域土壤侵蚀状况进行评价,为该流域不合理土地利用方式的调整和优化以及水土流失治理措施的合理布设提供科学依据。[方法]以陕西省安塞县纸坊沟流域为研究区,基于ArcGIS技术,利用2005—2016年纸坊沟流域水文站月降雨量数据、DEM数据、土壤类型数据和土地利用数据,率定中国土壤流失方程(CSLE)的相关参数,计算研究区的土壤侵蚀强度,对土地利用变化与坡度和土壤侵蚀强度之间的关系进行分析。[结果](1)研究区内不同坡度带上的土壤侵蚀强度差异较大,15°～25°左右的坡耕地是土壤侵蚀的敏感部位。(2)纸坊沟流域内土地以林地、耕地、草地为主,耕地面积不断减少,林地和草地面积不断增加。该区域实施退耕还林后,土壤侵蚀的面积与强度整体呈现改善趋势;土地利用变化与土壤侵蚀强度具有密切联系,表现为耕地的土壤侵蚀强度较强,林地和草地侵蚀强度相对较弱,说明增加林地和草地面积,减少耕地面积,能够显著减弱土壤侵蚀。[结论]研究区内土壤侵蚀空间分布受土地利用方式和坡度制约,该区今后水土流失治理的重点区域是15°～25°左右的坡耕地。     

基于RUSLE模型的梅河口市土壤侵蚀动态分析

[目的]定量分析区域土壤侵蚀强度动态变化及其影响因素,为区域水土保持工作提供科学依据。[方法]基于3S技术,采用RUSLE模型计算吉林省梅河口市2010年和2017年的土壤侵蚀模数,并从土地利用类型、坡度和水土保持措施3个方面分析土壤侵蚀变化特征。[结果](1)梅河口市2010年、2017年的平均土壤侵蚀模数分别为698.75,678.25t/(km~2·a),土壤侵蚀状况有所改善。(2)梅河口市的土壤侵蚀与坡度和土地利用有关,95%的土壤侵蚀分布在坡度15°坡地,土地利用以耕地和林地为主的区域。(3)2010—2017年,水保项目实施区域的平均土壤侵蚀模数下降了154.08t/(km~2·a),土壤侵蚀量减少了2.65×10~4 t。[结论]水保项目的实施在改善水土保持功能上取得较大的成效,但治理后的区域仍存在一定强度的侵蚀,且土地利用的不利转变加重了区域土壤侵蚀。因此,区域水土流失治理工作需考虑多部门协同,从源头上遏制发生水土流失的不利因素。     

福贡县土壤侵蚀时空变化及其影响因素分析

开展福贡县土壤侵蚀时空动态变化分析,对当地的水土流失防治和国土空间规划具有重要意义。研究基于降雨、土地利用、土壤和植被覆盖度等数据,采用GIS技术和RUSLE模型分析了福贡县2002年、2010年和2018年的土壤侵蚀时空变化和影响因素。结果表明:(1)福贡县土壤侵蚀强度主要以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主; 2002—2010—2018年平均土壤侵蚀模数不断下降,微度侵蚀面积不断增加,福贡县土壤侵蚀状况呈现改善趋势;(2)福贡县土壤侵蚀严重区主要分布在怒江两岸,近16 a福贡县74.73%以上的区域土壤侵蚀强度未发生改变,整体好转,表明退耕还林等工程实施对抑制土壤侵蚀强度有一定效果;(3)土地利用类型是福贡县土壤侵蚀的主要影响因子; 各因子解释力的大小依次为:土地利用类型、植被覆盖度、年均降雨量、海拔、坡度。海拔1 005～1 523 m、坡度>35°、年均降雨量1 482～1 671 mm、植被覆盖度<0.3、土地利用类型为未利用地的区域被识别为高风险侵蚀区。结合福贡县实际,坡耕地应为福贡县土壤侵蚀治理的重点区域。     

基于RUSLE的蔗区小流域土壤侵蚀特征研究

[目的] 探讨广西壮族自治区典型赤红壤集约化蔗区小流域的土壤侵蚀状况,以及土壤侵蚀强度与不同坡度、土地利用类型的关系,为广西集约化蔗区小流域防治土壤侵蚀提供科学参考。[方法] 在GIS空间分析技术支持下,利用修正的通用土壤流失方程（revised universal soil loss equation,RUSLE）对其进行定量估算。[结果] ①那辣小流域坡度在0°~35°之间,坡耕地（甘蔗）、林地（桉树）分别占土地利用总面积的82.85%,10.99%,道路和沟渠共占6.16%。2020年流域平均土壤侵蚀速率为22.97 t/（hm²·a）,属轻度侵蚀水平,是水利部规定的南方红壤丘陵区土壤允许流失量5 t/（hm²·a）的4.6倍;②流域土壤侵蚀主要发生在5°~25°的坡度范围内,是预防和治理水土流失的重点区域;③不同土地利用类型中,平均侵蚀速率最大的是林地（桉树）,为53.59 t/（hm²·a）,分别是坡耕地（甘蔗）、道路、沟渠的2.84,2.12,27.91倍。[结论] 应用RUSLE模型通过借助软件输入相关参数和处理数据,即可估算出蔗区土壤侵蚀及不同坡度、土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀强度分布特征,应合理规划并利用管理好流域的坡耕地（甘蔗）、林地（桉树）、道路等土地利用类型,采取具有针对性的、有效的水土保持措施。     

低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响

【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。     

Pasture Vegetation Elemental Analysis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing.     

Faculty positions:Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Biodiversity and ecogeography of wild Lactuca spp. in some European countries

Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions.     

Macroinvertebrates in North American tallgrass prairie soils: effects of fire, mowing, and fertilization on density and biomass

The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils.     

Properties of anaerobically digested and composted municipal solid waste assessed by linking soil mesofauna dynamics and nitrogen modelling

We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass, soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration, N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially (<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils, indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea.     

Variation in quality parameters between and within 14 Nordic tree fruit and berry species

Abstract

A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species.     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Faculty positions: Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences

正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology,     

Potassium Fixation and Release Characteristics in Rhizosphere and Nonrhizosphere Soils for a Rapeseed–Rice Cropping Sequence

Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L^?1 nitric acid (HNO₃) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L^?1 ammonium acetate (NH₄OAc) and 1.0 mol L^?1 HNO₃ extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils.