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从日本进境大豆种子中检出大豆疫病菌 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
从日本进境大豆种子中检出大豆疫病菌高秀兰种焱李文利陈洪俊(北京动植物检疫局100029)1997年1月7日,在国际邮件交换局截留的1袋大豆种子中(4个品种,710g),检查出了大豆疫病菌Phytophthoramegaperma(Drechs.)f.... 相似文献
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大豆疫霉病菌是我国重要的对外检疫对象之一,而栽培大豆又起源干我国。依据植物病理学中寄主与病原菌在原产地长期共存共同进化的原理,在我国极有可能有大豆疫霉病菌的存在,只是因为分离检测技术以及生态等方面的原因,较长时间内一直未能在我国分离到此病原菌。1989~1990年我们从大豆病组织中分 相似文献
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大豆疫霉病菌在中国的发现及其生物学特性的研究 总被引:25,自引:2,他引:25
本文通过对从黑龙江、吉林和北京等地的大豆上分离的7个疫霉菌株的一系列生物学特性的研究,并以美国的Phytophthora megasperma标准菌株为对照,将该7个菌株鉴定为Phytophthoramegasperma f.sp.glycinea。接种试验表明,该菌在不同大豆品种上致病力表现差异明显,而且对三叶草和紫花苜蓿不侵染。用MTT染色法定期检测埋在不同处理的土壤中的卵孢子活性。经一年后,所有处理中90%以上的卵孢子均处于活性状态;而温度对卵孢子的休眠期有较大的影响。 相似文献
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从进境的美国大豆豆秆样品中分离到2株疑似大豆茎褐腐病菌Phialophora gregata的分离物247-8和8300-5,2株分离物在PGM培养基上菌落圆形,边缘规则,白色至暗褐色,表面隆起,粗糙,轮纹状。分生孢子卵形至椭圆形,无色,平滑,单胞,平均大小4.3 μm×1.9 μm。分生孢子梗具有瓶梗状结构,无色,无隔膜或有隔膜,大小(5~16)μm×(2~3) μm,呈桶型或长颈瓶型。特异性引物BSRIGS1/2、BSR1/2和Pgl/4分别扩增分离物247-8的DNA得到预期1 022 bp、483 bp和499 bp的产物;分离物8300-5的DNA经PCR扩增分别得到834 bp、483 bp和499 bp的预期条带。2株分离物的ITS区序列完全一致,与GenBank中大豆茎褐腐病菌(登录号AB190396、DQ459387、DQ459386和AF132804)的序列相似性为100%。人工接种大豆幼嫩植株茎基部均产生大豆茎褐腐病菌的典型症状。根据分离物形态特征、PCR检测、序列分析以及致病性测试结果,将进境美国大豆样品中的分离物247-8和8300-5鉴定为大豆茎褐腐病菌P. gregata。 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Soybean rust, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has been considered a threat to the production of the U.S. soybean, Glycine max. During the past decade, this disease gradually spread to Africa, South America, and recently to the United States. Previous soybean rust risk assessments with an assumption of availability of spores early in a season showed that weather conditions (dew and temperature) during a growing season, in general, are suitable for disease development in U.S. soybean-growing regions. Predicting the time of rust appearance in a field is critical to determining the destructive potential of rusts, including soybean rust. In this study, comparative epidemiology was used to assess likely rust incipient time in four locations within the U.S. Soybean Belt from south to north: Baton Rouge, LA; Charlotte, NC; Indianapolis, IN; and Minneapolis, MN. Temperature effects on the infection cycle of five rusts occurring in the Midwest were evaluated using a general disease model. The likely incipient times were examined with the modeling results. Among the rusts studied, early-appearing rusts had suitable conditions for development earlier in a season. However, a lag period of several weeks to more than 3 months was found from the time when conditions are suitable for a rust to develop or when hosts are available to the time when the rust was detected in fields. Length of the lag period differed among the rust species examined. If nature of long-distance dispersal is not significantly different among the rusts, implications of our study to the expected seasonal soybean rust incipience in fields lead to two possible scenarios: (i) average appearance time of soybean rust across the Soybean Belt should be somewhere between appearance times of common corn rust and southern corn rust, and (ii) with late appearance of the disease, late-planted soybean in the south has greater risk. 相似文献
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北京口岸奥运前后进境植物检疫截获疫情分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2005~2010年间,恰值北京奥运会前后,在这一期间北京口岸植物检疫共检出有害生物4 298种次,其中以2005年最多,达到1 261种次、其次为2007年880种次和2009年724种次,而2008年奥运年出现最低点为441种次。有害生物来源涉及64个国家和地区,其中美国最多,达到776种次,其次为荷兰为373种次。涉及不合格植物及产品259种次,其中苗木中不合格批次最多的竹芋达到100批次,占到总不合格数的3.27%,此外凤梨和百合不合格批次也较多,分别达到87批和67批。而截获检疫性有害生物频次最多的是芒果果核象,达到73次,其次为辣椒果实蝇、苹果蠹蛾分别达到33、32次。本文通过对2005~2010年间北京口岸检疫截获疫情的汇总、分析,为同行提供参考。 相似文献
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四川口岸从美国进口白蜡木板材中首次截获外来有害生物刺海小蠹。本文叙述了刺海小蠹的鉴定特征、生物学特性、危害情况,并对防治进行了介绍。 相似文献