灵芝多糖提取物胶囊对小鼠免疫功能的影响

通过设3个浓度的药物组和空白对照组,分别进行脏器指数测定,ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化试验,绵羊红细胞诱导小鼠DTH试验,小鼠血清溶血素测定,抗体生成细胞检测,小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞试验,小鼠碳廓清试验,NK细胞活性测定试验。结果表明,灵芝多糖提取物胶囊能增加ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖能力和小鼠左后足跖部厚度差24 h测量值,提高小鼠血清溶血素抗体积数和溶血空斑数。表明灵芝多糖提取物胶囊具有较强的免疫调节作用。     

不同来源灰树花多糖免疫活性初探

采用体外免疫细胞培养法,比较了用不同方法制备的灰树花子实体和菌丝体多糖的免疫活性。结果显示,稀碱提取的灰树花子实体多糖(GFAP)能够显著提高小鼠淋巴细胞的转化增殖率,同时能够显著激活小鼠巨噬细胞,并刺激巨嗜细胞产生大量一氧化氮(NO)。稀碱提取的灰树花菌丝体多糖(GMAP)对小鼠淋巴细胞与巨嗜细胞的作用与GFAP相似。热水提取的灰树花子实体多糖(GFP)与菌丝体多糖(GMP)对小鼠巨噬细胞有一定的激活作用,并能促使巨嗜细胞生成NO,但提高小鼠淋巴细胞转化增殖率的作用均不明显。     

三生灰树花多糖通过省级检验

青岛三生生物有限公司生产的灰树花多糖胶囊通过山东省卫生防疫站的各项检验 ,认为 ,该产品有极显著的免疫调节和抑制肿瘤活性功能 ,具有很高的安全性。原载《微生物学通报》 /徐泽平等报道三生灰树花多糖通过省级检验     

灰树花多糖的生物活性与研究进展

灰树花是一种常见的大型食用真菌,其主要功能性成分为多糖,具有抗肿瘤、增强免疫功能、抗HIV等多种生物活性。从灰树花多糖的生物活性、多糖分子结构以及灰树花深层发酵现状等几方面论述了灰树花在国内外的研究状况,为综合开发利用灰树花多糖资源奠定了基础。     

鳞盖红菇菌丝体多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

研究鳞盖红菇(Russula lepida)菌丝体多糖对昆明种小鼠免疫功能的调节作用.结果表明,鳞盖红菇菌丝体多糖能提高小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬功能及血清白细胞介素2(Interleukin 2, IL-2)、免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G, IgG)的含量,提高小鼠的免疫功能.     

茶树菇多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的初步研究

通过水、酸、碱三种浸提法从茶树菇子实体提取粗多糖，分别腹腔注射（200mg／kg）免疫小鼠，观察三种提取物对小鼠免疫器官重量和腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响。结果显示：碱提法多糖得率最高（1．45％）。三种多糖提取物免疫组小鼠的脾指数、吞噬百分率均显著高于生理盐水对照组（P〈0．01），吞噬指数明显高于对照组（P〈0．05），但其胸腺指数却显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）。     

灵芝含氮多糖对小鼠腹腔吞噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

实验结果表明，灵芝含氮多糖极显著地提高了小鼠腹腔吞噬细胞吞噬中性红的能力。揭示灵芝含氮多糖能提高机体的非特异性免疫功能。     

羊肚菌胞外多糖免疫活性研究

从羊肚菌发酵液中提取多糖并分析其基本生化特征,研究羊肚茼胞外多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响.结果表明,羊肚菌多糖为蛋白多糖,其总糖含量为85.3%、蛋白含量为8.5%、酸性多糖含量为25%.该多糖可促进小鼠胸腺指数和脾指数提升,增加血清溶菌酶含量,提高巨噬细胞吞噬能力,并能在体外促进T淋巴细胞增殖及巨噬细胞NO量增加,作为一种蛋白多糖,羊肚菌多糖可以显著增强小鼠的非特异性免疫及细胞免疫.     

灰树花复方制剂降血糖功能的研究

研究了灰树花复方制剂对正常小鼠的空腹血糖和体重以及对四氧嘧啶诱导高血糖小鼠的空腹血糖、体重和糖耐量的影响.灰树花复方制剂对正常小鼠的空腹血糖和体重无显著影响,对四氧嘧啶诱导高血糖小鼠具有抑制空腹血糖升高和提高糖耐量的作用,对体重无影响.表明,灰树花复方制剂具有降血糖的保健功能.     

灰树花深层发酵及菌丝体成分分析研究

本文报道了灰树花菌丝体的深层发酵及有效成分提取和分析。分别从菌丝体及发酵清液中提取得到了灰树花多糖和胞外多糖 ,同时还测定了菌丝体成分 :灰树花多糖 7 82 % ,蛋白质 2 1 7% ,总糖 5 7 2 % ,灰分6 0 5 % ,其中菌丝体灰树花多糖及总糖含量明显多于子实体。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.