Anti-inflammatory activity of patchouli alcohol isolated from Pogostemonis Herba in animal models

Pogostemonis Herba has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Patchouli alcohol (PA), a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from Pogostemonis Herba, is known to possess a variety of pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to investigate the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of PA using two common inflammatory animal models i.e., xylene-induced ear edema in mice and carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. The degree of edema in both inflammatory animals, as well as the protein and mRNA expression of some inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) and nitric oxide (NO) in the hind paw of carrageenan-treated rats were measured. Results showed that PA (10–40 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the ear edema induced by xylene in mice and the paw edema induced by carrageenan in rats. In addition, treatment with PA (10–40 mg/kg) also dose-dependently decreased the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE₂ and NO in the hind paw of carrageenan-treated rats. Furthermore, PA treatment also suppressed the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the hind paw of carrageenan-treated rats. These results suggest that PA possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity, which may be mediated, at least in part, by down-regulating the mRNA expression of a panel of inflammatory mediators including TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS and COX-2.     

西藏喜马拉雅红豆杉的分布及繁殖技术初探

阐述喜马拉雅红豆杉在西藏的分布及其生物生态学特性,以及繁殖方法,提出就地建立自然保护小区和异地繁殖培育增加资源总量等建议。     

大关野生喜马拉雅红豆杉的生境特点及生物学特性

2002年5月在云南省大关县的2镇1乡首次发现有零星的喜马拉雅红豆杉不均匀地分布在崇山峻岭中.为给以后人工造林及经营管理提供理论依据,对喜马拉雅红豆杉的生境特点及生物学特征进行了多年和多处的实地调查与分析.结果表明:野生喜马拉雅红豆杉,其立地条件差,处于自生自灭状态;海拔越高其植株越高大,为乔木,处于林冠上层,属于优势...     

须弥红豆杉的研究进展

对须弥红豆杉的栽培育种、组织与细胞培养、植物化学、种群生物学与遗传多样性、生殖生态学以及资源保护等方面的研究进展进行综述,提出今后在不同海拔及气候类型下开展须弥红豆杉幼苗形态可塑性及其他方面研究的设想.     

Variation in rooting behavior of stem cuttings in relation to their origin in Taxus wallichiana Zucc.

The present study investigates optimal conditions for the vegetative propagation of Himalayan yew Taxus wallichiana Zucc., an important medicinal tree, during spring. Effect of four treatments: (a) sex of donor plant (male and female), (b) age/type of shoot (1, 2, 3 year old, long and dwarf shoots), (c) auxin treatment (IBA and NAA at 0, 0.5, 1.25, 5.0 & 50.0 mM) and (d) rooting environment (raised beds/polythene bags) on percentage rooting in stem cuttings was studied. Randomized complete block (RBD) designs were used for experimentation. Rooting ability of cuttings was significantly influenced by all these treatments. The overall rooting response was higher in long shoot cuttings taken from female tree. Age of shoot also influenced the rooting response and was highest in 1 year old long shoot cuttings of female tree. Exogenous application of auxin, α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3 butyric acid (IBA), had significant positive effect on the percentage rooting. IBA significantly enhanced the rooting percentage in 1 year old long and dwarf shoots at lower doses and 2 and 3 year old long shoots from female tree at higher doses. Maximum percent rooting (90% ± 2.8) was obtained with interactive effect of 0.5 mM, NAA (22 h) × 1 year old long shoot from female tree; followed by the interactive effect of 50 mM IBA (5 s) × 3 year old long shoot from female tree (83% ± 4.1). Cuttings planted in soil: sand medium in polythene bags showed earlier rooting response (12 weeks) than cuttings planted in raised nursery beds (24 weeks). Overall, the findings of this study suggest that 0.5 mM IBA treatment is suitable for enhancing adventitious rooting in 1 year old long and dwarf shoots of male and female trees. IBA at higher doses is suitable for enhancing the rooting percentage of 2 and 3 year old long shoots from female tree. This study provides a significant lead towards the development of a simple and inexpensive technique for large scale propagation, aforestation of elite genotypes and raising of bush type plantation under ex-situ conditions.     

云南红豆杉优树选择研究

在云南红豆杉天然林分布区,以及3个重点栽培区的云南红豆杉人工林中,经广泛布点调查初选,采集初选林木小枝叶样品,进行紫杉醇、10-去乙酰巴卡亭Ⅲ(10-DAB)、巴卡亭Ⅲ、三尖杉宁碱(cephaloma-nine)、10-去乙酰-7-差向紫杉醇(10-DAET)、7-差向紫杉醇等6种紫杉烷类含量的检测,并通过扦插繁殖培育出初选优树的扦插苗栽培于立地条件一致的优树汇集区内,经2~2.9年再检测苗木的紫杉烷含量及测定苗木的生物量。以其紫杉烷含量、生物量、紫杉烷产量(紫杉烷含量×生物量)为云南红豆杉优树的评选指标,依此在云南全省的云南红豆杉天然林中评选出优树38株(1级8株、2级11株、3级19株),在云南红豆杉人工林中评选出优树17株(1级4株、2级13株),其选择增益很显著。根据优树的分布,在云南全省寻找到10个云南红豆杉紫杉烷高含量的种源区,这是以林木枝叶紫杉烷的含量为主要选择对象,进行云南红豆杉优树选择的一个新尝试。     

云南红豆杉及其药用原料林培育技术

系统地阐述了云南红豆杉的资源状况,并对云南红豆杉药用原料林在良种选育、采穗圃营建、种苗繁育、人工林营建与原料采收等关键技术环节所取得的研究进展情况进行了阶段性总结.     

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Trewia polycarpa roots

The alcoholic extract of Trewia polycarpa roots, when administered orally to rats at doses of 50-400 mg/kg, exhibited a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models. It also showed a significant antinociceptive action mice in the dose range of 25-200 mg/kg. The extract did not reveal any toxicity in rats up to a dose of 3.2 g/kg (p.o.). It showed the presence of terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones and glycosides on phytochemical screening.     

云南红豆杉紫杉烷优良无性系的筛选

在天然林选优的基础上,结合云南红豆杉人工林复选,建立优质无性系圃,再针对圃中各无性系的紫杉烷类物质含量进行分析测试,最终获得3个云南红豆杉的紫杉烷高含量优良无性系。推广云南红豆杉优良无性系将有利于天然资源的保护。     

须弥红豆杉育苗基质的筛选试验

在滇西北须弥红豆杉的主要天然分布区丽江市,结合生产实践中广泛使用的几种育苗基质,开展了腐殖土、腐殖土+圃地土、圃地土、泥炭基质4种育苗基质对须弥红豆杉实生容器苗生长影响的试验.苗木培育586天后对其成苗率、全株长度、苗高、根系长度及1～3级根数目等生长指标进行统计分析,结果表明:腐殖土+圃地土的育苗效果最佳,单独使用腐殖土作为育苗基质的效果最差;证明了传统认为的泥炭基质、腐殖土育苗效果最好、圃地土效果最差的观念并不正确.研究结果对滇西北地区开展须弥红豆杉壮苗培育具有实际应用价值,对其他地区的红豆杉苗木生产有参考意义.     

天然云南红豆杉林木及其派生扦插苗枝叶紫杉烷含量性状的遗传分析

对从云南红豆杉主要分布区评选出的52株天然云南红豆杉林木及其派生的扦插苗枝叶的6种紫杉烷含量性状进行了母株-无性系间的相关分析。其单株间枝叶紫杉烷含量的相关系数r=0.556 0,按海拔高度分组的林木枝叶紫杉烷含量的相关系数r=0.896 7,均达到极显著(α=0.01)水平。按基因型变量占总变量的百分数,计算出天然云南红豆杉母株-无性系间该性状的广义遗传力H2=0.81。依枝叶紫杉烷含量高于此52样株平均值为标准,从中评选出13株枝叶紫杉烷高含量优树。其优树枝叶紫杉烷含量的选择差为0.320 g/kg。优树所派生的扦插苗枝叶紫杉烷含量的实际遗传进展提高了0.251 g/kg,其现实遗传力hr2=0.78。依此认为天然云南红豆杉林木-无性系间的枝叶紫杉烷含量性状具有较高的遗传传递力。     

云南红豆杉枝叶紫杉烷含量在林分间与单株间差异的分析

对13个云南红豆杉天然林分所选的39株林木枝叶的6种紫杉烷含量,在林分间和林分内单株间的差异,进行了方差分析,其结果表明,枝叶中的6种紫杉烷总含量,或是单一的紫杉醇、10-DAB、10-DEAT的含量,在林分间的差异均达到极显著的水平,而在林分内的单株间差异则不显著。说明云南红豆杉枝叶紫杉烷含量性状的群体遗传力是显著的和稳定的。这一结果,为云南红豆杉药用成分高含群体选择提供了依据。     

不同育苗基质对须弥红豆杉幼苗根系生物量的影响研究

使用4种不同育苗基质进行须弥红豆杉育苗试验,通过分析不同基质小苗(1 a龄)根系生物量状况,选出最适合红豆杉根系生长的育苗基质.结果表明,用腐殖土(50%)+红土(50%)做基质较适合须弥红豆杉苗木粗根生长,用腐殖土做基质较适合须弥红豆杉苗木细根生长,这2种育苗基质在云南省来源广泛,成本低廉,可在须弥红豆杉育苗中推广使用,丹麦基质最不利于须弥红豆杉苗木的根系生长.     

Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antifungal furanosesquiterpenoids isolated from Commiphora erythraea (Ehrenb.) Engl. resin

The topical anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antifungal activities of essential oils and extracts of Commiphora erythraea (Ehrenb.) Engl. resin were investigated. The hexane extract significantly inhibited oedema when applied topically in Croton oil-induced ear oedema assay in mice. The same extract showed antioxidant activity in DPPH radical scavenging assay. A bioguided separation of the hexane extract led to the isolation of furanosesquiterpenoids 1 and 2 that showed a weak antifungal activity, while compounds 3-5 resulted to be antioxidant (EC₅₀ 4.28, 2.56 and 1.08 mg/mL, respectively) and anti-inflammatory (30, 26 and 32% oedema reduction, respectively).     

云南红豆杉的地理分布与气候关系

在广泛收集云南红豆杉地理分布资料的基础上，利用国际上比较流行的研究植被与气候相互关系的指标和方法，包括Kira温暖指数、寒冷指数和徐文铎湿度指数，Penman可能蒸散、干燥度，Thomthwaite可能蒸散和水分指数，Holdridg生命地带分类系统指标生物温度和可能蒸散率，以及年平均气温、1月平均气温、7月平均气温、极端最高气温、极端最低气温、≥10℃积温、年降水量和年相对湿度等单一气象因子，研究了云南红豆杉在中国的地理分布及其与气候的关系，讨论了云南红豆杉垂直分布的上限、下限以及北界热量指标状况。通过主成分分析，找出了影响云南红豆杉地理分布的主要因子，按作用大小的排序是：低温条件〉湿度因子〉高温条件〉光照因子。     

南方红豆杉种源遗传多样性和遗传分化

利用ISSR分子标记对来自10省区15个南方红豆杉代表性种源,研究揭示其种源遗传多样性及地理变化、种源遗传分化等。结果表明：南方红豆杉具有丰富的遗传多样性,物种水平上的遗传多样性为0.4192,多态百分率（PPL）、Nei＇s基因多样性（HE）和Shannon信息多样性指数（I）分别变化在80.00%-93.33%、0.3393-0.3873、0.4926-0.5615。南方红豆杉种源遗传多样性受其产地经度和纬度非线性共同影响,偏南和偏西地区种源的遗传多样性较低,而偏东和偏北地区种源遗传多样性则较高。因试验的南方红豆杉种源其原产地种群皆是较大的古树种群,且片断化的时间较短,加上其特有的繁育特性,种源间基因分化系数为0.1211,仅有8.75%的遗传变异存在于种源间,而91.25%的遗传变异来自于种源内。UPMGA聚类结果还显示,除福建武平和武夷山2个较小种群的种源外,试验种源可按地域大致划分为偏东和偏北,及偏南和偏西2个种源区。     

连山县南方红豆杉开发利用探讨

南方红豆杉属国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生植物，是集材用、观赏、药用于一体的优良树种。文章概述了连山县南方红豆杉的分布、保护现状和存在问题，并根据现存的资源状况提出了保护和综合开发利用措施。     

大关野生南方红豆杉资源保护及开发利用

对湖南双牌遭县及云南大关县林区的野生南方红豆杉资源进行了调查。结果发现双牌、道县的野生南方红豆杉的长势与云南大关低海拔地区生长的野生南方红豆杉长势相同,与高海拔地区长势不一样,另外,调查地发现野生南方红豆杉数量极少,都处于自生自灭状态,因此,建议对国家这一珍稀一级植物所处的生存环境要加强管理与保护,加大宣传力度,打击破坏行为,建立种苗培养基地,达到开发与利用的目的,让野生南方红豆杉为当地经济建设和社会发展作出贡献。     

南方红豆杉播种育苗技术

文章介绍了南方红豆杉播种育苗的圃地选择及整地、种子育苗等方面的技术,并介绍了实施“连山县南方红豆杉良种选育与繁育”项目取得的成效。     

昆明树木园须弥红豆杉幼苗生长特征研究

在昆明树木园开展了须弥红豆杉幼苗的露地栽培试验,通过连续观测及数据收集,分析了该试验点须弥红豆杉幼苗的各项生长指标的变化情况,结果表明:1)当年的8—9月是须弥红豆杉幼苗高生长的最佳时期。2)幼苗侧向生长旺盛。3)幼苗的高径生长特征之间存在极显著的正相关性;最大分枝长与地径之间存在明显的正相关性。4)有少量的偏冠现象。