人造板有机挥发物(VOCs)释放的影响及研究

作为室内主要装饰、家具制作、建筑使用的人造板从原料到加工,直到使用过程都会有不同程度VOCs的挥发,其中成分比例较大的有甲醛、萜类、酮类及苯系物等。居住环境内部人造板释放出的VOCs是影响室内空气质量的重要因素,笔者系统论述了近年来国内外学者在人造板VOCs释放研究方面取得的成果,其中包括：人造板VOCs的来源,人造板VOCs的释放对室内空气质量(IAO)的影响,人造板VOCs的采集检测方法,国内外相关机构研究取得的进展,在此基础上,分析论述了国内相关领域未来的研究重点。     

小型环境舱法检测中纤板挥发性有机化合物的研究

为了降低人造板释放挥发性有机化合物(VOC)的检测成本,设计并制作了15L小型环境舱,进行中密度纤维板VOC的主要成分及其释放趋势的检测和考察,并与1m3环境舱检测数据进行对比。结果表明:芳香烃、烷烃和烯烃是中纤板的主要挥发性有机化合物,小型环境舱检测TVOC和芳香烃类的质量浓度值略高于大型环境舱,小型环境舱性能符合要求,可用于人造板释放VOC的检测。     

声发射技术在木质材料损伤监测中的应用研究进展

木质材料损伤演化特征的监测一直是木材科学的研究热点。声发射技术是一种具有实时性、连续性的监测技术,在木质材料损伤监测研究中得到广泛应用。文中围绕声发射技术在木质材料损伤监测领域研究中的应用情况,总结了声发射技术原理与分析方法,归纳了木质材料特性对声发射信号的影响因素,并分别从木质材料损伤源定位、实木和木基复合材料损伤监测以及发展前景3个方面进行分析与讨论,以期为声发射技术在木质材料领域的进一步应用发展提供参考。     

竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响

为探究竹木复合砧板基材对其硬度和甲醛释放量的影响,分别选择基材为木材、竹材和人造板的3类竹木复合砧板,测定并分析其硬度与甲醛释放量。结果表明：基材为木材和竹材的竹木复合砧板硬度大于基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板硬度;基材为人造板的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量大于基材为竹材和木材的竹木复合砧板甲醛释放量。研究结果可为生活中选择竹木复合砧板提供参考。     

Current Research and Development on Deformation and Fixation of Bended Wood and Wood-based Composites

There are many advantages of bended wood,such as good-looking shape,simple process and low cost.The product,however,is easy to get recovery,which is urgent to be dealt with.This paper concludes the features of deformation and recovery of bended wood and wood-based composites and summarizes four treating methods to keep dimensional stability.Compared to bended solid wood,some elementary perspectives on the research of bended wood-based composites are presented.The purpose of this paper is to suggest:1)to investigate the optimum heating time and temperature that bended wood and wood-based composites need from the formation of deformation to the recovery and to the permanent fixation,according to its changes of dimensional stability such as curvature radius;2)to measure the composites comprised of wood and adhesives on the changes of stress relaxation,dynamic viscoelasticity and crystal1ization field;3)to quantitatively analyze changes of the major components in wood cell wall polymers as well as the composites under heat/steam treatment and untreated conditions.It will be helpful for subsequent research to clarify on the mechanisms of permanent fixation of bended wood and also contribute to that of wood-based composites.     

Review on Preservative Treatment and Decay Resistance of Wood-based Composites

INTRODUCTIONWood-based composites are widely used as woodindustry is developing rapidly. It is quite necessary toimprove the decay resistance of wood-basedcomposites with preservatives or protect them in othermethods to meet the durability requirements. Therefore,many investigations are conducted in this field. Thispaper summarizes the previous and presentinvestigations on the methods of preservative treatmentand the decay resistance of different categories oftreated wood-based composites…     

废弃木质材料的利用

保护环境、维护生态平衡是全人类共同关心的研究课题。材料界和技术界正在努力使工业材料和产品具有更好的环境协调性。废话弃木质材料利用是提高木质材料环境协调性的方法之一。本文主要阐述了利用废弃实体木材和废弃人造板的背景、方法、应开展的研究和意义。     

发展木质复合建筑的探讨

21世纪将是一个知识经济时代。林业比以往更依赖知识的生产、扩散、应用,其中木质复合材料作为一种高性能的环境材料在建材行业占有越来越重要的位置,从新材料带来新产品、新技术带来新设计、新问题带来新思考三个方面,探讨了开发木质复合建筑这一特有的林产品市场,提出了原材料工业化生产,构件产品标准化供应和适度发展木质复合建筑工业化的途径。     

实体木材中甲醛释放研究

甲醛释放限量是人造板及其制品健康环保的重要指标。确定科学合理的绿色人造板及其制品甲醛释放限量值,必须研究实体木材中甲醛的释放规律。为了制定绿色人造板及其产品的评价标准,文中介绍了实体木材的甲醛含量、甲醛的来源以及影响因素,分析木材中醛和酮的释放机制,并基于制定绿色人造板标准的需要提出了研究展望。     

木材干燥中有机挥发物的研究

随着人们环保意识的加强,有机挥发物VOC对环境的危害受到越来越多的重视,文中概述了木材干燥中有机挥发物 VOC的来源、成分、挥发量、挥发浓度及浓度变化过程、影响挥发量和挥发浓度的因素,并介绍了测量和控制木材干燥中VOC挥发的几种方法。旨在加强对木材干燥工业中有害气体研究的重视,为木材干燥的VOC挥发研究提供新思路。     

TiO2在木材工业中的应用与展望

介绍TiO2光催化性能的基本原理,并在综合分析文献的基础上,总结国内外木材工业中TiO2的应用研究现状,指出:TiO2优异的环境特性和使用性能尚未被木材工业很好地研究和利用,在制备多功能型环保材料、抗紫外线材料和性能增强型材料等方面应用前景广阔.     

术质复合材料作为建筑结构用材的应用

简要介绍了复合材料的种类、特点和木质复合材料的基本概念，并说明了木质复合材料作为建筑结构构件的优点。     

木工刀具硬质合金应用现状和发展趋势

介绍了木材切削加工用硬质合金刀具材料的性能以及研究和应用现状,重点阐述了涂层硬质合金的研究成果和应用领域。结合木材和木质复合材料切削加工特点,探讨硬质合金木工刀具在木材加工工业中应用的可行性。     

超临界CO_2流体携带戊唑醇对木质材料的防腐处理工艺

以杉木、马尾松木材和中密度纤维板、刨花板为试材,利用超临界CO2携带戊唑醇对试材进行防腐处理,研究超临界CO2流体辅助防腐处理工艺对戊唑醇的留着率以及分布状况的影响。结果表明,随着处理压力的增大,试材中戊唑醇的平均留着率和分布梯度都增大;温度对戊唑醇剂的留着率影响较复杂,处理温度45℃,留着率最高,同时温度与戊唑醇分布梯度没有明显的相关性;处理时间以30 min为宜。     

国外人造板甲醛散发研究现状

本文根据大量的国外文献资料综述了人造板中游离甲醛产生的原因、甲醛散发量的定量测试方法、影响甲醛向外界散发的诸种因素以及降低人造板甲醛散发量的各种措施。     

基于SVM的CFRW导电性建模预测研究

针对碳纤维增强木质复合材料（CFRW）导电性具有非线性的特点,采用基于支持向量回归机（SVM）的机器学习方法建立碳纤维增强木质复合材料导电性预测模型。结果表明,所建模型的预测精度高、泛化能力强.     

人造板中的甲醛释放及其检测方法

对人造板产品中的游离甲醛问题列出了近年来抽查检验的结果及其统计分析，介绍了甲醛释放机理和６种检测方法及降低人造板中游离甲醛的具体措施。     

Microscopic structure and properties of wood-based foaming composites

In order to reduce the density of wood-based composites without causing a deterioration of their mechanical properties, we studied the process of manufacturing wood-based composites. A combination of polymer foaming technology and flat hot-pressing technology was used. The microscopic structure of the various wood-based composites was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), impact strength, and thickness expansion rate of water sorption (TS) were all measured. The results showed that fibers loosely interweave, and fibers had been connected by micropore. They also showed that spaces between fibers had big micropore structure. MOR, MOE and impact strength were the highest among three levels of ratio. When the total content of resin and foaming agent were 20% by weight, TS was higher. A hot-pressing temperature of 120°C was optimal. At the low temperatures of 80°C, the foaming process was uncompleted. At a higher temperature, micropores burst at a certain pressure. Based on the variance analysis and maximum difference analysis, a significance test shows that the optimum conditions for the total content of resin and foaming agent is 20% by weight, with a hot pressing temperature of 120°C for 15 min. Under these conditions, the properties of wood-based foaming composites all achieved the industry standard. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(3): 154–158 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

2种浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛释放量研究

采用1 m3气候箱法测试2种浸渍胶膜纸饰面人造板甲醛释放规律以及不同处理条件对板材甲醛释放浓度的影响。结果表明,热压工艺、基材结构可能是影响甲醛释放周期的关键因素,2种饰面人造板的平衡周期基本相同;封边处理可有效降低甲醛含量得释放;温度和相对湿度与板材甲醛释放量呈正相关,空气交换率与板材甲醛释放量呈负相关。     

Feasibility of supercritical carbon dioxide as a carrier solvent for preservative treatment of wood-based composites

 Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) was tested for its potential as a carrier solvent for preservative treatment of solid wood and wood-based composites. A preliminary trial showed that the treatability of solid wood varied with its original permeability and that the SC-CO₂ treatment was not promising for refractory timber species such a Larix leptolepis Gordon. In contrast, 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC)/SC-CO₂ treatment resulted in enhanced decay resistance without any detrimental physical or cosmetic damage in all structural-use wood-based composites tested: medium density fiberboard, hardwood plywood, softwood plywood, particleboard, and oriented strand board (OSB). Further trials under various treatment conditions [25°C/7.85 MPa (80 kgf/cm²), 35°C/7.85 MPa, 45°C/7.85 MPa, 35°C/11.77 MPa (120 kgf/cm²), and 45°C/11.77 MPa] indicated that although small changes in the weight and thickness of the treated materials were noted the strength properties were not adversely affected, except for a few cases of softwood plywood and oriented strand board. The results of this study clearly indicated that the treatment condition allowed SC-CO₂ to transport IPBC into wood-based composites, and the optimum treatment condition seemed to vary with the type of wood-based composite. Received: October 24, 2001 / Accepted: February 15, 2002 Part of this work was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 2001; and the 32nd Annual Meeting of the International Research Group on Wood Preservation, Nara, May 2001 Correspondence to:M. Muin