饲养密度对秋季多层平养密闭鸭舍环境参数、生产性能与血清生化指标的影响

本研究旨在确定秋季多层平养密闭鸭舍适宜的肉鸭饲养密度。选取3栋条件相同的鸭舍,3个饲养密度设为12、13、14只/m2,0～14日龄为预试期,试验期为15～40日龄。在38日龄对3个鸭舍纵向不同位置的环境参数、肉鸭体重、血清生化指标进行监测分析,并评估40日龄生产效益。结果发现:随着饲养密度增加鸭舍内湿度和氨气浓度逐渐增加(P<0.01);鸭舍纵向从湿帘端到风机端的温度、CO2和NH3浓度均逐渐升高(P<0.05);随着饲养密度和纵向距湿帘距离增加,肉鸭38日龄体重均呈线性降低(P>0.05);饲养密度增加导致肉鸭血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖、总蛋白和尿酸升高(P<0.05);随着饲养密度增加,肉鸭个体出栏体重和毛利降低,饲养密度为13只/m2时总盈利最高。综上,秋季饲养密度能著影响多层平养密闭鸭舍的环境参数和肉鸭的生长发育,饲养密度为13只/m2时整栋鸭舍的总盈利最优。     

圈养鸭养殖技术

正1分群青年鸭圈养规模以500只左右为宜。鸭应按日龄、大小、品种、性别分群。饲养密度随鸭龄、季节和气温的不同而不同。一般4~10周龄鸭每平方米养20~12只,11~20周龄鸭每平方米养12~8只。冬季气温低,每平方米可适当多养几只,夏季气温高,每平方米可少养几只,鸭生长快的饲养密度略小些,生长慢的饲养密度略大些。2饲养饲料多样化,保持能量、蛋白质平衡,含硫氨     

提高蛋鸭养殖效益的技术措施

1合理分群与确定密度青年鸭圈养时每群数量以500只左右为宜,分群时要做到:日龄相同、大小一致、品种一样和性别相同。饲养密度为:4～10周龄12～30只/m2;11～20周龄8～12只/m2;冬季每平方米可适当多养几只;夏季每平方米可少养几只。鸭生长快时饲养密度略小些,生长慢时饲养密度略大些。2科学选择饲料青年鸭生长期内所需的各种营养都要满足,饲料要多样化,保持能量、蛋白质的平衡。日粮中蛋白质不宜太高,钙含量要适宜。生产中要根据鸭生长发育具体情况增减必需的营养物质,如绍兴蛋鸭,正常开产日龄是130～150天,开产体重为1400～1500克,若体重超…     

肉种鸭育成期的饲养管理

1转群和分群 肉用种鸭育成期一般采用半舍饲管理方式。 转群前1星期,应准备好育成鸭舍,并在转群前12～24小时加满29日龄的饲喂量,加满池水。每群140～280只鸭,各群之间用0．7米高的物件隔离,以防混群。可公母混养,也可分开饲养。公母分开饲养,能够准确控制其体重,但必须要在公鸭群内混少量的母鸭,其目的是使公鸭在生长过程中有“性的记忆”,否则会导致受精率降低。一般每10只公鸭配1只母鸭,此时的密度以每只鸭0．4平方米鸭舍＋0．6平方米运动场（含0．1平方米水池）计算。     

种鸭育成期的饲养技术

1转群和分群肉用种鸭育成期一般采用半舍饲管理方式。转群前1周,应准备好育成鸭舍,并在转群前12～24h加满29日龄的饲喂量,加满池水。每群140~280只鸭,各群之间用0.7m高的物件隔离,以防混群。可公母混养,也可分开饲养。公母分开饲养,能够准确控制其体重,但必须要在公鸭     

浅谈肉鸭育成期饲养管理

从21 d后到出栏为肉鸭的育成期,此阶段是饲养肉鸭的关键时期,重点是促进肉鸭快速增长.首先要对鸭群进行分栏饲养,每栏饲养200只左右,每平方米3～4只,公母鸭要分开饲养,弱小鸭要挑出单独饲养.经常打扫鸭舍,保持清洁、干燥.此外,还应增加全价饲料供给,并补充青绿饲料.公鸭体质量达到3.5 kg左右,母鸭体质量达到2 kg左右就可以上市.由于此阶段开始换羽,易出现啄癖现象,应注意断缘和遮光.     

圈养蛋鸭饲养管理技术

1.鸭舍的选址与建造鸭舍地址宜选择地势较高且干燥、地面平坦、阳光充足、坐北向南、距市区或住宅较远、无污染、无噪音、靠近河流湖滨或较大的山塘、水库的坡地。按每平方米饲养6～8只,每幢鸭舍饲养300只来确定建舍的面积,可建成长4.5米、宽8米,北墙高2米、南檐高2.2米、顶高4～5米的鸭舍。鸭舍顶部后坡长,顶设通气窗,留足窗户,保证冬季易保温,夏季能防暑。鸭舍需附建一个运动场,其地面要平坦、坚实,向水面一方倾斜度以20°～30°为宜,运动场的面积应是鸭舍的1.5～2倍。运动场内按每100只鸭设置1个食槽和1个水槽,运动场连接水滩距离3～4米,…     

断喙对肉鸭啄羽及其生产性能的影响

选择400只1日龄樱桃谷肉鸭,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组200只。试验组于14日龄断喙,对照组正常饲养,观察肉鸭在饲养过程中啄羽情况,测量试验鸭增重、科肉比、死亡率等指标。结果表明,肉鸭断喙能有效防止啄羽,提高生产性能,减少死亡率,试验组比对照组每只多增重173g(P<0.05),死亡率降低4％,经济效益显著。     

圈养蛋鸭高产的要领

一、鸭舍选址与建造 鸭舍宜选择在地势高爽，地面平坦而坚实，阳光充足，距街市、住宅区较远，无污染，无噪音且靠近河、湖滨或较大池塘的地方建造。鸭舍要坐北朝南，按每平方米饲养6～8只，每间鸭舍饲养300只来确定鸭舍的大小，建成长45米、宽8米、北墙高2米、南檐高22米、顶高4～5米的鸭舍。鸭舍顶部后坡长，顶设通气窗，留足窗户，保证冬季易保温，夏季能防暑。鸭舍前建一个运动场，其地面要平坦而坚实，地势向水面一方倾斜，坡度以20°～30°为宜，运动场应是鸭舍的15～2倍。运动场内按每100只鸭设置一个食槽和一个水槽。运动场接…     

浅谈夏季肉鸭饲养管理要点

在炎热夏天,在生理上由于鸭没有汗腺又由于有羽毛的覆盖,鸭体的散热受到限制,在未搞好防暑降温的情况下,鸭发生急性热应激甚至热昏厥的现象时有发生,同时高温、高湿的环境还使鸭舍粪便易于分解,造成鸭舍内有害气体含量过高,危害鸭体健康。为使夏季饲养的肉用仔鸭健康生长,笔者通过多年的实践,认为抓好以下关键措施,有利于促进夏季肉鸭的生长、提高经济效益。1抓好饲料供应,保证营养需要1.1调整饲料配方由于鸭的采食量随环境温度的升高而下降,所以应配制夏季高温用的、不同生长阶段的肉鸭日粮,适当提高饲料营养浓度,以保证鸭每日的营养摄取量…     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.