畜力集材措施的探讨

畜力集材可降低生产成本。有利于森林资源培育,提出了畜力集材措施     

国有林场木材采集工艺技术研讨

国有林场是生产商品材的重要基地,针对国有林场当前木材采集生产状况,研讨在新形势下如何提高国有林场采集工艺技术,合理组织木材采集生产作业,以提高木材生产效率、降低木材生产成本.     

小型环境友好集材装备的研究进展

在集材过程中,集材作业不当会造成林地的土壤压实,会对幼苗、保留木造成损伤,影响森林生态环境。本文介绍国内外集材拖拉机和集材拖车的研究进展,对国内外的集材装备存在的问题进行总结和陈述,根据以上分析得出今后集材装备设计的理念和发展方向。     

Time consumption, productivity, and cost analysis of skidding in the Hyrcanian forest in Iran

The performance of the skidder Timber jack 450 C was presented in timber skidding of non-coniferous trees in hilly and mountainous conditions.An empirical time study was conducted to evaluate the current skidding system in Hyrcanian forest in northern Iran for improving production rate of skidding and finding out the production cost for planning.Based on the identified elements of skidding work phase and 130 recorded cycles,we calculated the models for effective time consumption,total productivity,and unit cost.The validity of the model was tested at 95% confidence interval.The average load volume per cycle was 2.82 m 3,average one way skidding distance was 450 m,and the average slope was 18%.The average travel speed of unloaded skidder was 5.8 km·h-1,and the average speed of loaded skidder was 0.1 km·h-1 higher than the speed of the unloaded ones.The travel speed was predominantly affected by longitudinal slopes and types of strip roads.The average speed of pulling the cable was 1.16 km·h-1,and that of load winching was 0.74 km·h-1.The average outputs in skidding was 10.6 m 3 ·h-1 and the unit cost was 12.1 US$ per hour.The time consumption and productivity of skidding depends on distances and slope,number of logs per cycle,volume,log length,etc.However,the influence of variables is not the same.     

对人工林生态集材的几点思考

我国的森林资源中人工林已逐渐成为主导林分,科学合理的生态集材方式对人工林的可持续发展具有重要的意义.本文就如何实现人工林的生态集材问题,分别从选择集材方式和确定采育模式两个方面进行探讨.     

拖拉机集材对林地土壤的影响

本文从环境保护的观点出发.分析了拖拉机集材造成的林地土壤压实、水土流失。并对集材前后迹地土壤营养成份流换情况进行对比。结果表明,拖拉机集材对森林生态环境破坏较为严重。不符合生态效益对林业生产的要求。     

亚布力林业局适宜集材方式的探讨

本文根据几种集材方式的特点,结合亚布力林区的实际情况,对目前亚布力林业局适宜的集材方式进行了探讨。通过比较论证,认为畜力原木集材是目前亚布力林区适宜的集材方式。今后集材方式的改革应是机畜结合,以畜力原木集材为主,机械原条集材为辅。     

富尔河林区山帽材采伐与集材方式的选择

本文针对富尔河林区山帽材的特点和林分结构，论述了应该采用的采伐方式和集材方式。     

考虑环境保护的集材方式选择

通过对农用车、板车和人工集材3种集材方式的集材效率和集材成本比较，对森林环境因子和采伐后对山体滑坡影响的对比研究，从经济效益及生态效益2个方面综合考虑，为合理地选择集材方式提供科学依据。     

JZ50型集装机

本文介绍了一种即能进行集材作业又能进行装车作业的采运机械。该机结构简单，操作方便，作业效率较高，且投资较小，有较好的推广使用前景。     

轻型索道集材与开路集材三大效益对比分析

为了研究科学合理的生态采运技术,在邵武二都林业采育场开展轻型索道集材与传统盘山开路集材方式的对照试验。以122-1-3伐区972m3的出材量计算,人工费按每工每日100元计,则索道集材的单位成本为104.65元·m-3,可比开路集材单位成本148.44元·m-3节约29.50%。随着人工费的增加,按每工每日80～140元计,开路集材成本增加明显,单位成本差额为34.47～67.03元·m-3。通过生态、经济与社会效益的比较分析,轻型索道集材优势明显,是一种有利于资源、环境、经济和社会可持续协调发展的生态集材作业模式,在当前劳动力成本剧增情况下,展望轻型索道集材在木材生产技术中的广阔应用前景。     

发挥集材机械在山地伐区的作用与效率探讨

对现有的J50系列集材机通过加装起重架,在牵引钢绳的头部设计一个北方雪橇形状的工具铁撬、加装绞盘卷筒等对其进行改装,使其成为适应山地林区作业的集材机械,达到一机多用,从而降低购置设备的成本。     

吉林柳树河林场集材道植被更新研究

通过对吉林柳树河林场的集材主道、叉道的植被天然更新的调查及分析,结果表明:1)集材主道的更新树种以喜光树种香杨、柳和白桦为主,其中香杨是更新最早的树种;叉道以核桃楸和水曲柳为主。2)从更新株数、主要更新树种平均高、平均年龄及植被平均盖度上看,集材叉道西坡更新状况最好,集材主道次之,集材叉道东坡最差。     

The Method of Calculating Average Skidding Distance

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伐区作业类型划分与集材作业系统相适应性的研究

本应用模糊聚类分析方法,选取作业区坡度、单位面积出材量、集材距离以及地表承载能力等作为因子,对吉林林区伐区作业类型进行了区划。又应用层次分析法,对与每类伐区相适应的集材作用系统进行系统分析。     

可移动装配式林业索道支架受力分析

支架是集材索道系统的重要组件,用以承托钢索,保证索道有足够的净空高度。但传统的南方人工林集材作业中多数采用活立木作为索道支架,活立木受其生长位置限制,难以保证最优集材路线,不适应现代小规模木材采集需求,为解决人工林索道集材中难以寻找合适的活立木作支架问题,研究设计出一种分段组合加绷索固定的可移动装配式钢管支架。通过力学和仿真分析,对承索方式、不同分段比例及绷索固定位置进行了优化。当分段位置于杆件的0.59L处时,效果最好,抗压能力是没有分段时的1.7倍。支架采用索鞍托索,使支架受力由传统的以承受弯矩为主变成以承受压力为主,改善了支架的受力条件。同时支架中间设置绷索固定后,增加了支架的约束条件,减小了支架的柔度,支架的临界载荷比无绷索固定的支架提高3倍以上。支架设计成分段可拆,降低了单个支架部件的重量,单个部件最大不超过50kg,便于在林区转移安装;支架采用标准镀锌管制造,取材方便,成本低廉,有利于降低索道系统成本。经试验及生产验证,可移动装配式林业索道支架转移、架设方便,使用安全可靠,特别适合山地林区择伐与小规模皆伐集材需要,对在人工林集材作业中推广小型索道集材,减小集材作业对生态环境的影响具有重要的意义。     

多功能轮式集材拖拉机搭载板装置的设计研究

通过对我国集材拖拉机发展沿革及目前林业生产作业条件分析,研发一种新型多功能集材拖拉机对目前林业生产具有重要意义.集材装置是集材拖拉机最具有特点的主要工作装置,本文对多功能轮式集材拖拉机集材装置（搭载板装置）整体结构进行设计.首先根据集材拖拉机趟载量要求确定搭载板整体结构尺寸,宽度为1 050 mm,长度为1 219 mm,厚度为20 mm.其次对搭载板辅助结构进行设计计算,使用Solid Works三维绘图软件建立搭载板的3D模型.最后基于有限元校核搭载板的强度,得到搭载板在最大压力载荷下的位移云图和应力云图,结果表明所设计的搭载板满足强度要求.     

FYJ-1型轮式抚育集材拖拉机集材装置的研制

介绍了FYJ-1型轮式抚育伐集材拖拉机集材装置的结构、特点和主要技术参数。该装置结构紧凑、体积小,具有反转等功能,绞集和松绳轻便自如,绞集速度适中,生产效率高。     

福建省国有林场集运材方式选择

本文从分析福建省国有林场集运材生产入手，提出我省国有林场合理的集运材方式。     

Operational impacts to residual stands following ground-based skidding in Hyrcanian Forest, northern Iran

Hyrcanian (Caspian) Forest in northern Iran has a richness of biological diversity, with endemic and endangered species. The usage of ground-based skidding is well accepted practice for the extraction of timber from the forest, but this operation has tended to cause the greatest environmental problems. The aims of the study were to evaluate and comparison of operational impacts, residual stand damage, regeneration, and to quantify these effects such as: the extent of the damage, wounding patterns, size and distribution after logging operations that utilized two different methods: short-log and long-log. A Timberjack cable skidder was used and the study location was in the Kheyrud Forest. Post harvesting assessment of damage to the residual stand was compared along skid trail by 100% inventory method and also for the assessment of regeneration damage along winching strips. The results show that along winching strips the percentage of damage to the regeneration was 44% and 36%, while the tree damages along skid trails reached 2.3% and 4.1% in the short-log and long-log methods, respectively. The greatest average amount of damage to a bole occurred along the first 1 m up from the ground (97%) and also within 4 m of the skidder centerline (80%). These results show that the short-log method causes less damage to the residual stand than the long-log method. Tree location to skidder trail appears to have a significant effect on the number and height of scars on a tree. Well designed and constructed trails should be wide enough to allow wood extraction from the forest. Damage to the residual stand might be reduced by proper planning and training of logging crews.