复合纤维素酶制剂对育肥羊的增重效果

选择24只育肥羊,按品种、年龄、体重、性别相同或相近的原则,配对分为对照组和试验组,每组12只,两组羊在基础日粮及饲养管理完全相同的情况下,试验组羊日粮中添加含有复合纤维素酶制剂的预混料,对照组添加不含纤维素酶制剂的预混料,经90 d饲喂试验,结果表明:对照组和试验组羊只均增重分别为11.76 kg和15.59 kg,试验组比对照组只均多增重3.83 kg,差异极显著(P<0.01),增重提高32.6%。试验组和对照组羊只获利分别为40.54元和1.11元,试验组比对照组多收入39.43元。     

复合预混料对育肥羊增重效果的试验

选择40只周岁的青海半细毛幼羊,随机分为两组进行育肥试验,每组20只,公母羊各10只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加占精料量2％的复合预混料,经30d育肥,结果表明:试验组羊均日增重174g,对照组为125g。差异极显著（P<0.01）;试验组料重比为4.02,对照组为5.44,试验组平均增收9.30元,经济效益显著。     

生长毛兔复合添加剂配方筛选试验

选择年龄相近 ,健康无病 ,体重约 1kg的珍珠系长毛兔 1 0 0只 ,根据体重、性别 ,按组间相似的原则分为 4组 ,每组 2 5只 ,A、B、C 3组为试验组 ,分别添加 1 ,2 ,3号复合添加剂 ,D组为对照组 ,添加市售微量元素、多维素添加剂 ,蛋氨酸。试验各组基础日粮完全相同。60d的饲养试验结果表明 ,对照组的发病率显著高于试验组 ,而成活率则低于各试验组。B、C两组的平均增重显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;3个试验组相比 ,B、C组比A组增重分别提高1 0 34%和 1 4 94% ,差异显著 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而B、C两组间增重差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

复合预混料添加剂饲喂雏鸡效果观察

为探讨复合预混料添加剂饲喂雏鸡效果,试验选用健康、体重均匀一致1日龄海兰褐商品代蛋鸡4800只,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组2400只,每组分4个重复,每重复600只鸡,分别饲喂含自主研制5%雏鸡复合预混料添加剂的试验日粮和含市售5%雏鸡复合预混料添加剂的对照日粮,饲养试验6周。试验结果表明:试验组鸡只成活率、增重、群体体重均匀度、饲料转化率等生产性能均高于对照组(P0.05),且有较好的经济效益。自主研制的雏鸡复合预混料添加剂在雏鸡生产中应用效果良好。     

黄须菜对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响

本试验旨在评估黄须菜作饲料添加剂在生产中对肉仔鸡生长性能的影响。试验选择同一批次、21日龄、体重相近的AA肉食鸡2448只,随机分为A、B、C、D4组,每组设置6个重复,每个重复102只鸡。试验共进行21d。试验饲粮分别为:A组为对照组,只饲喂基础日粮;B组饲喂基础日粮+盐霉素(40～60mg/kg饲料);C组饲喂基础日粮+5%肉鸡复合预混料;D组饲喂基础日粮+5%黄须菜,以观察其对肉仔鸡日增重、饲料利用率、屠宰率和健康状况的影响。结果表明:与对照组比较,黄须菜能显著增加肉仔鸡的日增重和饲料利用率(P<0.05),而添加黄须菜组与添加预混料相比较差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

中草药添加剂对松山滩肉羊生产性能影响的研究

为了进一步探明中草药添加剂对松山滩肉羊生产性能的确切影响,选取60只体重30kg左右的甘肃高山细毛羊×南非美利奴F1代公羔,将60只肉羊随机分成对照组和使用不同配方中草药添加剂的2个试验组,每组20只,进行了研究日粮中添加120g/d.只中草药添加剂对肉羊育肥效果的影响。结果表明:试验组肉羊平均日采食量较对照组分别提高6.6kg和7.11kg,提高了8.23%和8.87%;试验组肉羊总增重分别比对照组高出3.83kg和4.65kg;平均日增重比对照组分别高出47.87g和58.12g,分别高于对照组14.9%、18.08%,其中试验Ⅱ组平均日增重最高,显著高于其它组(P0.05);试验组料肉比比对照组分别降低了6.09%、8.01%。由此可见,对中草药添加剂合理配伍、正确选药,对提高肉羊的生产性能具有较好的效果。     

复方中草药添加剂对育肥猪肉品质的影响

试验选用杜长大三元杂交猪145头,分为3组,对照组26头,中草药组75头,复合添加剂组44头,体重(60±1.6)kg。试验组A饲喂基础日粮加4%复方中草药添加剂,试验组B饲喂基础日粮加复合添加剂,对照组饲喂基础日粮加常规添加剂。试验进行52d,体重达到90kg左右试验结束。测定试验各组平均日增重、血相、屠宰测定评定肉品各项指标。试验结果表明:试验组与对照组日增重差异不显著,血相淋巴细胞明显增加,而肉品品质测定8项指标均位优良,肉品安全性检测未检验出重金属、抗生素、呋喃唑酮和β-兴奋剂均未超过国家部颁标准规定,认为是合格产品达到安全肉标准。     

日粮中添加硒铁对青海藏羊断奶羔羊增重效果试验

选用3～4月龄的青海藏羊断奶羔羊20只,随机分为对照组和试验组两组。在基础日粮和饲养方式完全相同的情况下,在试验组日粮中添加硒0.15 mg/kg,铁60 mg/kg,对照组只饲喂基础日粮,进行45 d舍饲试验。结果表明,试验期对照组、试验组只均增重和平均日增重分别为4.02±0.68 kg、5.84±0.83 kg和93.34±15.18 g、129.78±18.50 g,试验组羊只的增重明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。在整个试验期间,试验组每只羊毛利润比对照组多13.12元,经济效益明显。     

含黄腐酸复合添加剂对肉羊生产性能的影响

为检验含黄腐酸复合添加剂对肉羊生产性能的影响,试验选择40只平均体重19.81 kg的寒细杂交羔羊,按体重差异不显著的原则,随机分为2组,每组20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加1.6%含黄腐酸的复合添加剂。育肥期90 d。试验结果表明:平均日增重提高52 g/d,饲料转化效率提高了17.49%,每千克增重节省饲料成本0.76元。     

羊用添加剂预混料在农户育肥羊中的应用

选择4月龄左右的巴音布鲁克羊33只,将其随机分为2组,分别为对照组16只和试验组171只。对照组限制饲喂常规精料,试验组在常规精料中添加4％羊用添加剂预混料。试验进行30d,试验组比对照组平均日增重提高了45．2g,差异极显著（P〈0．01）;只均可增收毛利38.50元。结果表明,在农户育肥羊饲料中添加4％羊用添加剂预混料后育肥羊增重明显,经济效益可观。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.