竞争优势及其基本形式探讨

竞争规律是优胜劣汰,适者生存.在市场竞争中,竞争优势强,则企业生,竞争优势弱,则企业亡.本文阐述了竞争优势的内涵及其四个基本特征,分析了竞争优势的成本优势和差异化优势两种基本形式,以及他们的驱动力和可能出现的风险.     

平湖市葡萄产业现状与发展对策

简述了平湖葡萄生产现状,从区位优势、适生优势、效益优势、品牌优势等方面分析了平湖葡萄产业发展的优势,针对产业发展存在的问题,提出平湖葡萄产业发展的关键是培育主导品种,加大科技投入和扶持力度,培育龙头企业和产业优势,完善社会化服务体系,促进葡萄产业健康发展.     

黑龙江省观光农业的开发优势与发展对策

作为全国农业大省和北部边陲的黑龙江省,发展观光农业具有许多优势条件。分析了黑龙江省发展观光农业的自然资源优势、区位及客源市场优势、民俗民风优势、绿色食品和农业资源优势;同时根据黑龙江省观光农业的发展现状,提出了黑龙江省观光农业的发展对策。     

四明山森林公园开发设想

从四明山森林公园的生态环境气候优势、人文景观优势、地域区位优势、品牌特产优势出发,对四明山森林公园的森林资源和旅游开发背景进行分析,提出了四明山森林公园的开发设想。     

白蜡优树选择方法与标准的研究

通过对白蜡人工林生长状况的调查,探明了同龄白蜡雄株生长量明显大于雌株生长量。采用雄株和雄株对比的选优方法对候选优树和优势木生长量数据进行分析,确定了雄树选优标准为：树高≥优势木平均树高1.1倍,胸径≥优势木平均胸径1.1倍,单株材积≥优势木平均单株材积1.5倍;雌树选优标准为：树高≥优势木平均树高1.15倍,胸径≥优势木平均胸径1.14倍,单株材积≥优势木平均单株材积1.6倍。     

国家植物博物馆建设的必要性及解读

结合国家发展需求和云南省实际,阐述国家植物博物馆建设的必要性和重要性,以及其落户昆明市的先天优势:地缘优势、资源优势、技术优势、气候优势和人和优势。对博物馆的分类和植物园的发展历史进行分析,提出了"植物园就是活的植物博物馆"的"馆园一体"国家植物博物馆的基本形态,并探讨其展陈形式和建设布局,提出了国家植物博物馆选址的几大核心要素以及"国际一流,国内领先"的建设目标。     

优势集聚理论框架下新疆特色农业的发展

全球化时代,资本、劳动力、知识和人才的综合竞争催生了优势集聚理论.新疆具有发展特色农业得天独厚的优势,但单一的比较优势难以形成持久竞争力,依据优势积聚理论,通过实行"东联西出,西来东去",寻求外部优势资源,可有效提升产业层次,使自身优势继续加强,劣势得以弥补.     

海南省民营天然橡胶生产县域尺度分布研究

根据比较优势原理分析了海南省各市县民营天然橡胶生产比较优势状况,并通过CAD和PS绘图软件进行空间表达,结果表明:海南有8、11、7个县(市)民营天然橡胶生产分别具有规模优势、效率优势和综合比较优势,主要分布在海南中北部区域。海南省应按照比较优势的原理进行民营天然橡胶生产结构的调整,实现天然橡胶产业的合理布局,稳定产业发展。     

优势学科辐射在普通高校研究生培养过程中的作用探析

指出了普通高校的研究生培养能力与培养质量与重点院校存在一定距离,削弱了我国研究生阶段的人才培养水平。提出了充分发挥学校自身优势学科对普通学科的带动和辐射作用,利用优势学科的软硬件实力促进一般学科的发展,同时普通学科与优势学科的结合又可增强优势学科的广度和外延,将优势学科转变为优势学科群,提高禁体硕士研究生的培养质量。     

黑龙江省森林旅游资源开发探讨

论述了黑龙江省森林旅游资源开发的独特优势;并指出开发工作中应注重资源区域优势和地域优势,坚持森林资源的保护和可持续发展原则;同时提出相关建议.     

云南橡胶树选育种工作进展和成就

概述云南橡胶树选育种工作50年,在引进国外优良品种,实现云南植胶良种化,收集、保存、利用橡胶新种质,选育高产抗寒新品种和新技术育种等方面取得的成就和对天然橡胶产业做出的重要贡献。     

印楝的世界地理分布与引种栽培概况

印楝在原产地和广泛引种的地区被誉为神奇之树，在热带干旱和半干旱地区的植被恢复和环境治理中发挥了重要作用。印楝的起源地被认为是印－巴次大陆及和东南亚的干旱地区，约一百年前引种非洲和拉丁美洲。中国最早于20世纪80年代引种于雷州半岛和海南，1995年引种云南干热河谷地区，种植面积正迅速扩大。     

博落回的生物学特性与生态价值

阐述了博落回的形态特征、生物学特性、生态价值、药用价值及经济效益。大量研究表明,博落回根、茎萌发能力强,覆盖度高,具有适生性强、喜钙、旱生和岩生等特性,可提高山地植被覆盖率、防治水土流失,促进土壤和植被恢复,是集生态价值与经济、社会效益于一体的喀斯特石漠化治理的先锋植物。     

越北腹露蝗生物学特性及防治技术的研究

越北腹露蝗Fruhstorferiola tonkinesis Willemse是广西桂林市危害森林的主要害虫.该虫在桂林1a发生1代,以卵在土中越冬,翌年4月中旬开始孵化,4月下旬为孵化盛期,成虫于6月中旬开始羽化,6月下旬至7月上旬为羽化盛期,8月中旬为产卵盛期,产卵期一直到10月中旬.选择在湿润的河滩地产卵.在跳蝻期喷施2%苏·阿维、18%甲氰菊酯等进行防治,防治效果可达95%以上.     

我国木片生产的发展与展望

本文对我国木片生产的发展历史进行了扼要回顾，对国内外木片生产现状进行了分析与评述，结合我国国情及国外木片生产的发展趋势，对我国木片生产提出决策，并展望了我国木片生产的发展前景。     

Bending strength and toughness of heat-treated wood

The load-deflection curve for static bending and the force-time curve for impact bending of heat-treated wood were examined in detail. The effect of oxygen in air was also investigated. Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis Carr.) was heated for 0.5–16.0h at a temperature of 160°C in nitrogen gas or air. The dynamic Young's modulus was measured by the free-free flexural vibration test, the static Young's modulus and work needed for rupture by the static bending test, and the absorbed energy in impact bending by the impact bending test. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The static Young's modulus increased at the initial stage of the heat treatment and decreased later. It decreased more in air than in nitrogen. (2) The bending strength increased at the initial stage of the heat treatment and decreased later. It decreased more in air than in nitrogen. (3) The work needed for rupture decreased steadily as the heating time increased. It decreased more in nitrogen than in air. It is thought that heat-treated wood was more brittle than untreated wood in the static bending test because W₁₂ was reduced by the heat treatment. This means that the main factors contributing to the reduction of the work needed for rupture were viscosity and plasticity, not elasticity. (4) The absorbed energy in impact bending increased at the initial stage of the heat treatment and decreased later. It decreased more in air than in nitrogen. It was concluded that heat-treated wood became more brittle in the impact bending test becauseI ₁₂ andI ₂₃ were reduced by the heat treatment.     

中国实施清洁发展机制造林和再造林项目的可行性和潜力

分析我国实施清洁发展机制(CDM)林业项目的利弊因素,阐述在我国开展CDM造林项目的可行性;通过对影响CDM碳汇市场主要因素的分析,估计了我国CDM造林项目的潜力。结果表明,在我国实施CDM造林项目是可行的,我国在第1承诺期CDM碳汇市场的份额估计最高可达20%。我国应尽快启动CDM造林试验项目,并开展相关的能力建设以及政策和方法学的研究。     

Discrepancies between targets and achievements in industrial forest production and export in Tanzania

It is important to revisit our plans and compare what was ideally targeted against what was actually achieved in implementation.In comparing the achievements with targets,strengths or weaknesses of established strategies can be accepted or corrections implemented since a plan also outlines some strategies for achieving the targets set.In this study,achievements in production and export of industrial forest products,i.e.,sawn wood,plywood,chipboard and fibreboard,paper and paperboard and industrial round wood,are compared against targeted figures for 1996 for Tanzania.Discrepancies were obtained by subtracting targeted from achieved values and expressed both as absolute and relative differences in terms of the targeted values,with a negative sign for production where achievements were less than targets and a positive sign when achievements were higher than targets.Values achieved ranged from 4%-100% of the targeted values,depending on the product,and were only higher than the targeted value for industrial round wood.Possible causes of the discrepancies are inefficiency of parastatal companies,low private investment,sub-maximal industrial operation and plant inefficiencies.Discrepancies could also result from unrealistic data used in planning due to difficulty in data availability and poor intra-and inter-sectoral coordination.The implications of these discrepancies are low contributions of the wood-based industry to the national economy,increased import substitution of wood-based products,increased socio-economic and environmental degradation and decreased integrity in planning and policy making.     

椰心叶甲传入途径与入侵成因分析

椰心叶甲Brontispa longissima(Gestro)是棕裥科植物的重要食叶害虫．是近年侵入我国的重要外来生物之一。文章分析了椰心叶甲传入途径，并从我国南方气候条件、寄主植物、资源生态位、生态系统结构和生活的微环境等方面分析了椰心叶甲的入侵成因。     

研讨式教学在南方地区“水土保持学”中的探索与实践

针对我国南方水土保持现状,开展了研讨式教学在"水土保持学"课程中的探索与实践,通过调整"水土保持学"教学内容、开展专题研讨式教学、改善教学综合考核制度、开展实践教学,充分发挥了教学双方的作用,提高了学生的科研意识、应用能力、创新能力、分析与解决问题的能力,提高教学效率。