2022年四川省市级兽医系统实验室布病检测能力比对分析

为评估四川省内兽医系统实验室对布鲁氏菌病的检测能力，我们于2022年开展了全省市级兽医实验室比对工作，共20个市级兽医系统实验室参与比对。布鲁氏菌病抗体检测项目通过虎红平板凝集试验比对，11个市（州）使用A厂家试剂，9个市（州）使用B厂家试剂。结果得出：布鲁氏菌病抗体检测项目结果总体符合率为68.75%,A厂家符合率为81.82%,B厂家符合率为52.78%。本研究表明，四川省市级兽医系统实验室对动物布鲁氏菌病的检测能力有待提高，实验试剂对实验结果的影响很大。     

2013—2015年贵州省市、县两级兽医实验室检测能力比对考核结果分析

对2013—2015年由贵州省动物疫病预防控制中心组织实施市、县两级兽医实验室检测能力比对考核工作结果进行分析,参加比对考核的市级兽医实验室9个,占全省市级实验室的100%(9/9),参加比对考核的县级兽医实验室60个,占全省县级兽医实验室的68.2%(60/88),全省比对考核的实验室占市县实验室总数的71.1%(69/97).比对考核实验涉及ELISA、布病虎红平板凝集试验、RT-PCR和H5亚型-HI 4个检测项目,均是当前动物疫病诊断与监测的重要检测方法,3年中ELISA、布病虎红平板凝集试验、RT-PCR、H5亚型-HI的正确率分别是92.8%、86.7%、84%、80.5%.表明本省市级实验室基本掌握了血清学和病原学检测,县级实验室也基本掌握了血清学检测,但与全国省级实验室检测平均水平比较还有一定差距,需加强专项技能培训与学习.     

市县级兽医实验室布鲁氏菌病诊断方法的比较

布鲁氏菌病,是由布鲁氏菌引起的人畜共患病,属于二类动物疫病,对人类健康和畜牧业发展具有很大危害。针对市县级兽医实验室常用的虎红平板凝集试验、试管凝集试验与世界动物卫生组织(OIE)推荐使用的ELISA试验进行比较,文章分析三者在市县级兽医实验室的诊断意义。结果显示,CELISA在敏感性和特异性均优于试管凝集试验、虎红平板凝集试验。笔者认为虎红平板凝集试验适合大量样本的初筛,ELISA比试管凝集试验更适合在我国市县级兽医实验室布鲁氏菌病大量样本监测、诊断中推广应用。     

川西北牦牛布鲁氏菌病血清流行病学调查

同时采用间接ELISA、虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验三种血清学方法调查川西北牦牛布鲁氏菌病血清流行情况。对1070份采自川西北阿坝州8个草地县的牦牛血清样品经三种血清学方法检测,间接ELISA检测阳性率为25.4%（272/1070）,虎红平板凝集试验检测阳性率为12.7%（136/1070）,而试管凝集试验检测阳性率为9.1%（97/1070）。8个县均发现阳性布鲁氏菌病血清。与间接ELISA相比,虎红平板凝集试验的相对敏感性和特异性分别为50%和100%,而试管凝集试验的相对敏感性和特异性分别为35.7%和100%。布鲁氏菌病在川西北地区广泛存在,血清学方法是检测和监测布鲁氏菌病最常用和最简便的方法,其中间接ELISA方法最为敏感。     

融水县家畜布鲁氏菌病血清学调查

为进一步了解融水县家畜布鲁氏菌病防控成果,全面了解融水县家畜布鲁氏菌病的流行病学情况,2013年,笔者采用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验法对辖区内20个乡镇的猪100份、牛100份、羊75份血清进行了检测。结果发现：采用虎红平板凝集试验法检测的275份血清检出15份阳性（其中猪5份、牛5份、羊5份,且均来自同一个乡镇）,其余260份血清均为阴性;但采用试管凝集试验法对虎红平板凝集试验阳性的20份样品进行检测,结果均为阴性。     

某地区羊布鲁氏菌病血清学调查与4种血清学检测方法的比较应用

为更好地开展羊布鲁氏菌病防控技术指导,对某地20家养羊场、户采集羊血样328份,同时应用虎红平板凝集试验与胶体金检测卡进行初步检测,并将上述2种方法初检为阳性的样品与随机选取的阴性样品共计60份,分别应用试管凝集试验及cELISA进行确诊。结果显示,虎红平板凝集试验、胶体金检测卡、试管凝集试验与cELISA方法检测结果的总符合率分别为97.0%、98.3%和98.3%,该地区个体阳性率0.91%,群体阳性率10.0%。在此基础上,应用布鲁氏菌病国家标准阳性血清对4种方法的敏感性进行了测定,结果显示,cELISA检测方法敏感性最高,其次为试管凝集试验与胶体金快速检测卡。综上得出,胶体金检测方法既可以作为布病血清学检测的初筛试验,也可以与cELISA检测方法共同用作布病血清学检测的复核试验。     

济宁地区猪布鲁氏菌病流行病学调查及3种检测方法比较

为了解济宁地区猪布鲁氏菌病的感染状态,从该地区随机选择5个猪场,采集600份血液样本,以上猪场均未免疫猪布鲁氏菌病疫苗。先用布病虎红平板凝集试验(RBPT)筛选,再用试管凝集试验(SAT)和ELISA(酶联免疫吸附试验)复核。结果表明,虎红平板凝集试验共检出阳性血清样本13例,阳性率为2.17%;试管凝集试验检出阳性血清样本12例,阳性率为2.00%,与虎红平板凝集试验符合率为92%;ELISA试剂盒检出阳性血清10例,阳性率为1.67%,与虎红平板凝集试验符合率为77%。结论为:济宁地区的猪场存在布病感染,种猪的阳性率最高,其次是肥育猪和仔猪,并且在3种检测方法中,RBPT最敏感,而ELISA特异性最好。     

改良试管凝集试验和虎红平板凝集试验检测羊布鲁氏菌病结果比较

虎红平板凝集试验方便、快捷,目前已广泛应用于养殖场羊布鲁氏菌病的普查,但其假阳性情况有待探究。利用改良试管凝集试验对虎红平板凝集试验检出的阳性个体进行分析,发现阳性率仅为88.8%。表明虎红平板凝集试验存在假阳性,可先用虎红平板凝集试验进行大面积普查,阳性样品再用改良试管凝集试验复核。     

2017—2021年新疆伊吾县牛羊布鲁氏菌病血清学监测

为掌握伊吾县羊牛布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)的流行特点和净化效果,依据国家标准《动物布鲁氏菌病诊断技术》,用虎红平板凝集试验(RBT)初筛,试管凝集试验(SAT)确诊的方法,2017—2021年连续5年对伊吾县养殖场户所有牛羊采集血样进行布鲁氏菌抗体检测,共检测牛羊血清样品1040792份,检出阳性样品7005份,平均阳性率...     

虎红平板凝集试验与试管凝集试验检测奶牛布鲁菌病的比较

布鲁菌病主要采用凝集试验来检测,本试验用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验对江苏海安、江都、无锡和兴化地区的660头奶牛的血清样品进行平行检测,虎红平板凝集试验的阳性检出率为9.7%,试验管凝集试验的阳性检出率为5.5%;与后者相比,虎红平板凝集试验的敏感性为100%,特异性为95.3%,符合率为95.6%。这些数据表明,江苏地区某些奶牛场存在布鲁菌感染,虎红平板凝集试验可以用于布鲁菌病初步检测。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.