蛋鸡传染性鼻炎的诊治

一 发病情况及临诊症状 各种目龄的产蛋鸡都有发病,以4-12月龄的鸡发病最多;2月龄以上的育成鸡也有个别发病。当空气不流通、湿度较大、气温突然变化时,在鸡舍角落的鸡首先发病。     

肉鸡传染性鼻炎的诊治

发病情况 2011年3月2日,章丘市绣惠镇三户养鸡专业户饲养的肉鸡发病。发病前,该鸡群均进行了新支、法氏囊、禽流感等疫苗的免疫。发病初期,仅出现零星鸡发病,在5～7d内在鸡群内90％以上的鸡出现临床症状,同时还出现零星死亡病例,病死率为5％左右。曾用环丙沙星、强力霉素、禽菌灵、阿莫西林等药饮水对发病鸡群进行救治,均无明显疗效。     

仔猪水肿病的防治

正1发病情况2011年4月间黄骅市一养殖专业户,从本市某规模猪场引进15千克左右的断奶仔猪88头,接连出现发病现象。起初见有几头发病,而后不断增加,3天内有20多头仔猪发病,发病主要为10～20千克断奶后不久的小猪,中、大猪未见发病。由于此病发病迅     

仔猪副伤寒的诊断与防治

2007年6～7月,甘肃省临夏市和临夏县的4个乡的5个猪场饲养的仔猪群中先后发生8起以突然发病、高热、腹泻、急性死亡为特征的疫病。共发病123头,死亡67头,病死率为54．47％,大多数仔猪发病后1～4d内死亡,发病不分年龄大小均可发病,但以30～50日龄仔猪发病死亡率最高。根据流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理剖检变化、试验室检验,被确诊为仔猪副伤寒。     

兔大肠杆菌病与球虫病混合感染的诊治

<正>1发病情况某养殖场共饲养獭兔497只,按常规进行了兔瘟、巴氏杆菌病、魏氏梭菌病疫苗免疫。从7月6日个别兔开始发病,至7月20日共发病138只,发病率为27.7%,其中1~2月龄发病101只,占发病只数的73.2%,3月龄以上发病37只,占26.8%,共死亡35只,死亡率为25.4%。     

猪高热病的诊治

猪高热病流行的季节性明显（主要发生于高温、高湿季节）,且具有发病急、发病率高、治疗效果差、死亡率高等特点;不同日龄、不同品种猪均可发病,发病猪场主要为饲养管理和卫生条件较差的散养户以及中、小型养猪场;免疫不到位、免疫程序和用药不合理的猪场发病更为严重。此外,距离仔猪交易市场和屠宰场较近的猪场发病情况较为严重。发病猪场以散养户和中、小型猪场为主体,且该病有由小规模猪场逐步向大规模猪场蔓延的迹象。     

兔腹胀病病因浅析

兔腹胀病是一种以家兔胃肠鼓气为主要特征的疾病,近年我公司的服务人员在山东、河南、河北、江苏、安徽走访过程中均了解到本病的发生病例。而且本病各个季节均有发病,发病兔不分品种,肉兔、獭兔均可发病。以断奶后至3月龄兔发病为主,特别是1~2月龄兔发病率高,死亡率高;成年兔很少发病,断奶前兔未见发病。目前根据我公司临床检测实验室近几年的检     

一起猪流行性感冒的诊治及讨论

猪流行性感冒主要是由A型流感病毒引起的急性、热性、高度接触性传染病。该病可导致发病猪生长率降低,甚至死亡。1发病情况该猪场共存栏200只生猪,其中哺乳仔猪50只、育肥猪150只。均按常规免疫程序进行预防注射。4月初,部分育肥猪开始发病,并且传播迅速,到4月中旬,育肥猪全部发病,部分哺乳仔猪也出现发病症状,发病率达60%,死亡率达4%。发病后曾用青霉素、"安乃近"(氨基比林、亚硫酸钠)等药物治     

肉鸡传染性鼻炎的诊治

发病情况2011年3月2日,章丘市绣惠镇三户养鸡专业户饲养的肉鸡发病。发病前,该鸡群均进行了新支、法氏囊、禽流感等疫苗的免疫。发病初期,仅出现零星鸡发病,在5～7d内在鸡群内90%以上的鸡出现临床症状,同时还出现零星死亡病例,     

自咬病水貂脑肝肾中13种矿物质元素含量的测定

为探索水貂自咬病的发病原因,本文对自咬病发病和未发病标准水貂的脑、肝和肾中13种矿物质元素含量进行了测定。测定结果表明,发病水貂和未发病貂脑、肝和肾中铜和钙的含量不同,发病貂脑中铜含量较高,而钙含量却较低;发病貂肝和肾中铜、钙含量高于未发病貂。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …