农业机械化是农业发展的重要基础

农业规模经济对农业发展非常重要,农业经济规模水平的高低决定了农产品成本。提高劳动生产率,才能有效地降低农业成本,增强市场竞争力。农业规模经济可以有多种模式,但不管哪一种模式,其生产都离不开农业机械化。农业机械化水平越高,要求经济规模的水平就会相应提高。因此,可以说农业机械化是农业规模经济的必要条件。农业机械化已经成为农业规模经济发展的迫切要求,也成为国内     

农业观光园发展模式研究

农业观光园是农业与旅游业有机结合的载体，是现代农业发展的一种新思路，正在成为新的旅游热点，其健康发展和成功运作对于建立敏的“农游合一”的农业发展模式具有重要意义。为此，阐述了农业观光园的内涵与特征，总结了其发展现状及存在的问题，指出了企业、政府、科研机构、旅游组织机构、游客等是农业观光园成功运行所必不可少的要素，并在此基础上对园区创新发展模式进行了初步探讨。     

现代节水农业理念与技术探索

从人类农业生产方式发展历程出发,在分析论证灌溉农业与节水灌溉技术、旱作农业与旱作高效用水技术、节水农业与节水农业技术的基础上,提出了现代节水农业的理念,并对现代节水农业及技术进行了有益探索,初步提出了现代节水农业技术体系框架。提出所谓现代节水农业就是指在确保区域生态健康与环境安全的前提下,以维持植物生命健康实施精量给水与智能化配水,尽量减少植物生命过程和给水过程中的无效水量,提高农业综合用水效益的一种农业生产方式。支撑现代节水农业发展的技术称其为现代节水农业技术,现代节水农业技术体系应包括节水植物品种鉴选、植物生命健康需水过程调控、植物精量给水、土气界面聚墒抑蒸、气植界面水循环、异源水植物利用、区域智能化配水等7大技术,这7项技术基本上构成了现代节水农业技术体系框架。     

农村经济与农机化服务

结合当前农村经济的特点,分析了农业机械化对农业和农村经济的作用,探索一种新型的农机服务形式—农机租赁。租赁是一种古老而又崭新的交易方式,把其引用到农业机械上,会在农村经济、农民增收方面起到积极的作用。为此,论述了其可行性和具体运行机制。     

农业生态旅游及其旅游地的可持续发展

农业生态旅游是生态旅游的一种,是农业、生态旅游和休闲娱乐的一种结合体.我国农业生态旅游正在起步阶段.为此,对农业生态旅游的涵义进行了界定,并找出目前存在的问题;提出了农业生态旅游地概念、特征及其类型;最后指出,农业生态旅游地是农业生态旅游发展的空间载体,农业生态旅游地作为这个整体存在的区域,它的发展才是真正意义上的"农业生态旅游可持续发展".     

利用设施农业技术带动种植效益的思考应用

设施农业作为一种现代化农业作业方式主要应用于动植物高效生产范围,包含设施种植、养殖及食用菌等方面,其核心设施在于运用工程技术手段,在相对可控的条件下达到环境安全型温室、菇房。随着我国农业现代化建设发展进程的加快,设施农业技术的有效应用能够最大程度地实现农业科学种植、科学养殖,不断提升种植效益,设施农业技术也成为推动农业现代化科学发展的重要途径和手段。通过对设施农业发展现状及其作业技术展开详细分析,对如何利用设施农业技术带动种植效益进行了全面分析探讨。     

发展我国农业企业的电子商务探析

电子商务作为一种崭新的商务运作方式,带来了一次新的产业革命,也成为了经济增长的推动器,对提高我国农业企业的竞争力产生了重大影响。随着INTERNET在我国的飞速发展,上网人数在急剧增加,网络基础设施在不断完善,各行各业电子商务发展已经初具规模。然而,我国农业企业发展电子商务仍然存在制约因素,并影响其发展进程,因此必须采取相应的对策与措施来解决这一问题,从而促进电子商务在我国农业企业健康、迅速发展。     

旱作农业的重点应放在机械化

旱作农业是指干旱、半干旱和半湿润地区在不能发展灌溉的条件下,主要利用天然降水,通过建立合理的旱作农业结构和采取一系列旱作农业技术措施发展农业生产的一种农艺技术。大力发展旱作农业已经成为各级领导和农民的一致目标。 各种模式的旱作农业都是围绕多蓄水、保住水、用好水展开各项农艺措施的。要使旱作农业达到较高层次,并使其在农业生产中发挥作用,所耗费的动力     

探析农业专业合作社在促进农业经济发展中的重要作用

农业专业合作社是目前基层地区农业发展中较为常见的一种经营模式,也是非常重要的一种主体类型,农业合作社的发展对于农业经济水平的提升有非常重要的促进作用,就传统的农业专业合作社组织情况来看,其发展优势是非常显著的,能够对现有的农村环境以及农业生产状况进行正向的调节以及促进。主要从当前农业专业合作社的实际发展情况入手进行分析,并就其在农业经济发展中的作用进行了简单介绍。     

基于物联网的智能农业系统运用

物联网智能农业系统是随着互联网高速发展而形成的一种现代农业运作方式。从物联网智能农业系统的基本原理出发,探究了物联网智能农业系统的运作方式,指出了其发展趋势和存在的问题,阐述了物联网农业系统的总体结构构成、硬件设施设计和软件设施设计。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。