Four glucosides ofp-hydroxyphenyl derivatives from birch leaves

The extractive of shirakamba (Betula platyphylla Sukatchev var.japonica Hara) leaves was investigated. Four glucosides ofp-hydroxyphenyl derivatives were isolated, and their structures were indentified as betuloside (I), 3,4-dihydroxy-propiophenone-3--d-glucopyranoside (II), salidroside (III), and arbutin (IV). Arbutin was newly found in the leaves of shirakamba.     

长白山桦树上一种新腐朽病害

本文报道了我国长白山林区桦树上一种新腐朽病害，其病原菌为斜生纤孔菌Ｉｎｏｎｏｔｕｓｏｂｌｉｑｕｕｓ。该病主要发生在海拔较高的成熟桦树上，主要特征是在树干上形成黑色肿瘤，造成心材白色腐朽；受害树极易风折，后期全株死亡。对病原菌的宏观、显微结构及病害的症状进行了详细描述，并与欧洲的标本进行了比较。     

白桦低产林改造效益评价

在根河林业局角刀木林场1991年、1992年等带皆伐白桦营造的落叶松人工林和保留带中,设立6块0.04hm2标准地(更新改造的落叶松林带和保留对照的白桦林带各3块)。通过主要林分因子调查和解析木(每块标准地选择1株解析木)分析,从林分质量、出材量和经济、生态方面对白桦低产林改造效益进行评价。研究表明:更新改造后30 a生的林分平均胸径约为未改造林分的4倍,林分平均高差异不大,而林分蓄积量提高约11倍,木材产品质量明显改善,林分经济效益、生态效益提高,低产林改造效益显著。     

不同培养基类型和植物生长调节剂配比对白桦愈伤组织中三萜积累的影响

白桦(Betula platyphylla)为桦木科(Betulaceae)桦木属植物,在我国分布范围广,适应性强,资源丰富(杨传平等,2004).白桦树皮提取物成分复杂,药理作用多样.目前研究证实白桦中富含白桦酯醇、白桦酯酸等三萜类物质.白桦酯酸及其衍生物具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、降酯、利胆和保肝等作用,促进巨噬细胞和脾细胞分泌TNF,增加巨噬细胞的细胞毒活性,提高机体的非特异性免疫功能(李薇等,2000;Bahina,2003;Li etal.,2000).     

白桦和新疆杨树干茎流变化规律及与环境因子的关系

对白桦和新疆杨在7～10月的树干茎流速率变化规律及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究,结果表明：白桦的茎流日变化过程呈现单峰曲线,且变幅大,而新疆杨则呈现多峰曲线;茎流速率与环境温度呈显著正相关,与环境湿度呈显著负相关,与大气气压无显著相关性。两树种树干茎流到达峰值的时刻均表现为秋季比夏季晚约1 h,且新疆杨比白桦到达峰值的...     

Dihydroroseoside, a new cyclohexanone glucoside, from the leaves of shirakamba (Betula platyphylla Sukatchev var.japonica Hara)

A new cyclohexanone glucoside (II) and a known cyclohexenone glucoside roseoside [I, (6S, 9S)-6-hydroxy-6-(9--D-glucopyranosyloxy-trans-7-butenyl)-1,5,5-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenone] were isolated from an ethanol extract of shirakamba (Betula platyphylla Sukatchev var.japonica Hara) leaves. The structure ofII was determined to be (6S, 9R)-6-hydroxy-6-(9-O--D-glucopyranosyloxy-trans-7-butenyl)-1, 5,5-trimethyl-1-cyclohexanone by¹H-NMR and¹³C-NMR spectroscopic analyses. It was named dihydroroseoside.     

白桦长纤维性状SCAR标记的分析与鉴定(英文)

以东北林业大学帽儿山实验林场天然白桦为研究群体,通过分析其中有代表性的100株个体的纤维长度与RAPD分子标记间相互关联性,筛选出一条与长纤维长度相关性系统为0.6144、显著性达1%水平的片段"BFLR-16",对此片段进行克隆、测序后,并将其转化成与长纤维性状相关的SCAR标记。此标记对长纤维白桦的鉴定效率高达92%,说明此SCAR标记对长纤维个体具有高度特异性,与控制纤维性状长度的基因高度连锁,它的存在与白桦纤维长度的增加有明显的相关性。图6参16。     

DNA extraction of birch leaves by improved CTAB method and optimization of its ISSR system

Introduction Betula, including more than 30 species, widespread distributes in almost all provinces of China. The complexity of genetic variation in Betula was mainly due to the variable climate and complicated geographic conditions in birch habitants (Ji…     

外源糖溶液和高浓度CO_2处理对白桦叶片糖和蛋白质含量的影响(英文)

3年生白桦同时接受3种外源糖溶液(蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖)和3种高浓度CO2(700、1400、2100μLL-1CO2)处理。处理1个月后,测定了叶片的总糖、蔗糖、果糖和蛋白质含量。结果表明:在700μLL-1和1400μLL-1 CO2下,外源糖溶液增加了叶片的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量,其中外源蔗糖的效果最好;外源糖溶液与2100μLL-1CO2结合,会抑制叶片积累总糖和蛋白质;在700μLL-1和1400μLL-1CO2下,喷施葡萄糖、果糖的叶片在蛋白质含量上没有明显差别;;同700、1400μLL-1CO2相比,除喷施果糖植株外,2100μLL-1CO2明显增加了叶片的总糖、蔗糖、果糖和蛋白质含量;;在喷施同种外源糖溶液的情况下,叶片的糖含量与CO2浓度呈正相关性。图6参7。     

New lignan, isoactifolin, fromChamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea

A new lignan isoactifolin was isolated from young shoots (with leaves) ofChamaecyparis obtusa cv. Breviramea. The structure of the compound was determined based on spectroscopic evidence.Parts of this report were presented at the 44th lignin symposium, Gifu, October 1999     

干扰对天然红松林植物多样性的影响

对长白山林区受不同程度干扰（择伐）的红松林与红松林被皆伐后形成白桦次生林的植物多样性进行了研究，结果表明，白桦群落及其下木层的多样性高于各类型的红松林。不同类型的红松林中，以轻度干扰的红松原始群落及其立木层和草本层的多样性最大，这是群落长期演容、物种适应的结果。白哗群落处于演替的第二阶段，群落中侵入了较多的耐荫树种，加之林内光照条件好，故而有发达的下木层，致使树种的多样性很高。本文还分析了多样性与均匀度及生境条件的关系。     

Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration enhances the development of photosynthetic capacity beyond the temperature effect for silver birch in simulated future climate

We conducted an experiment to find out how future climate conditions will impact the spring development of photosynthetic capacity of silver birch leaves. We had two greenhouse conditions. In the simulated future climate condition, we had both elevated temperatures and CO₂ concentration, while for reference we had trees growing under current climate conditions. We used two methods to measure the development of photosynthetic capacity: first, the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II with a fluorescence meter; and second, the CO₂ assimilation rate with gas exchange measurements. The development of full photosynthetic capacity took around two weeks following the bud burst. The maximum quantum efficiency developed slightly faster than the CO₂ assimilation rate. Both measurement methods showed that an elevated CO₂ concentration enhanced the development of photosynthetic capacity beyond the impact of temperature only. The enhancement under the conditions of our simulated climate change translates to achieving photosynthetic capacity up to five days earlier, which impact should be taken into account in simulations of photosynthetic productivity.     

Distribution of ectomycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum with soil depth in a birch forest

The distributions of ectomycorrhizas and ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum with soil depth (0–45 cm) were determined in a 40-year-oldBetula platyphylla var.japonica forest. Mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fine roots were measured in each soil core sample that was collected at soil depths of 0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–20, 20–25, 30–35, and 40–45 cm. The ectomycorrhizas were mainly distributed (>50%) in the top soil (0–5 cm) of organic forest floor horizons. Below 5 cm the quantity of ectomycorrhizas decreased sharply. The percentage of fine roots which were ectomycorrhizal gradually declined with the depth of soil. The ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum was evaluated by a bioassay method, measuring the lengths of the entire root system and of the ectomycorrhizal roots of birch seedlings planted in each soil sample. The soil samples were collected from 0–5, 10–15, 20–25, 30–35, and 40–45 cm depths of the soil profile. Ectomycorrhizal formation on birch seedling roots in the bioassay was high in both the soil depth intervals 0–5 cm and 10–15 cm, while the amount was lower in the soil depth interval from 20–45 cm. The results of these investigations show that the amount of the ectomycorrhizas in soil, and the ectomycorrhizal fungal inoculum potential as determined by bioassay, are not always consistent with each other.     

辣韭矢竹的出笋及幼竹生长节律

辣韭矢竹(Pseudosasajaponica var.tsutsumiana)于1934年在日本的水户市被发现(林弥栄,1985).我国在一些植物园有引种栽培.辣韭矢竹为混生竹,秆型奇特,呈佛肚状,与小佛肚竹(Bambusa ventricosa)相似,高0.5～2 m,较耐寒,主要用于庭园绿化和盆栽.     

Stereochemistry and biosynthesis of (+)-lyoniresinol, a syringyl tetrahydronaphthalene lignan in Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica I: isolation and stereochemistry of syringyl lignans and predicted precursors to (+)-lyoniresinol from wood

Steps leading to the biosynthesis of syringyl lignans and tetrahydronaphthalene and naphthalene lignans, especially the formation of the C2–C7′ linkage, have not been elucidated. Lyoniresinol is a typical syringyl lignan, as well as a tetrahydronaphthalene lignan found in Lyonia ovalifolia var. elliptica. To demonstrate the biosynthetic pathway for (+)-lyoniresinol, three putative biosynthetic intermediates of lyoniresinol, syringaresinol, 5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol, and 5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol, were isolated from wood. The identity of the putative intermediates was confirmed by spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison of spectral and chromatographic data with those of authentic samples previously synthesized. The stereochemistry (enantiomeric composition and absolute configuration) of the isolated lignans were determined as (±)-syringaresinol, (8S,8′S)-(−)-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinol [46% enantiomeric excess (e.e.)], (8S,8′S)-(+)-5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinol (91% e.e.), and (8R,8′R)-(+)-lyoniresinol (42% e.e.). The absolute configurations of (+)-and (-)-5,5′-dimethoxylariciresinols, and (+)-and (-)-5,5′-dimethoxysecoisolariciresinols were determined by their synthesis (catalytic reduction) from (8R,8′R)-(+)-and (8S,8′S)-(-)-syringaresinols and by subsequent chiral high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. This report was presented at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, March 2005     

大兴安岭北部主要树种生长季根际土壤氮素含量特征

为了探讨大兴安岭地区主要树种(樟子松、兴安落叶松、白桦和山杨)根际土壤氮素的富集程度和差异性,选用抖落法采集根际和非根际土壤样品,对其全氮、铵态氮与硝态氮含量特征进行研究。结果表明:1)4个树种根际土壤全氮含量5—10月波动在1.22～5.43 g·kg-1之间,最大值均在5月;根际土壤铵态氮和硝态氮分别波动在22.41～53.75 mg·kg-1和0.79～2.06 mg·kg-1之间,含量均在7、8月较低,且兴安落叶松根际土壤月平均铵态氮和硝态氮含量均为最高。2)研究区无机氮素以铵态氮为主,占95%以上;根际土壤全氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量均显著(P <0.05)高于非根际土壤,分别高出101.77%、29.26%和9.07%;兴安落叶松根际土壤全氮富集率达101.25%,铵态氮、硝态氮富集率均最高为39.37%和15.34%;樟子松根际土壤全氮、铵态氮、硝态氮富集率分别为95.98%、34.86%和7.84%;白桦全氮的富集率最高为125.73%,铵态氮、硝态氮富集率为30.30%和7.31%;山杨根际土壤氮素富集率最小。3)根际土壤铵态氮与全氮、硝态氮均呈极显著正相关,而全氮与硝态氮之间相关性不显著。4)4个树种根际土壤对氮素养分含量均具有明显的正根际效应,其中针叶树种对无机氮素的富集能力强于阔叶树种,且兴安落叶松对氮素的富集能力最强。因此,在森林经营和调整林分结构时可适当调整兴安落叶松树种比例,以提高森林生产力。     

红金银花组织培养外植体灭菌的研究

在单因素预试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计,筛选出了植物组织培养中红金银花外植体最佳灭菌方法,总结出外植体的类型、酒精浸泡时间、升汞质量分数、升汞浸泡时间等对红金银花外植体的污染程度及成活率均有显著影响。采用L8(4×24)正交试验表明,对红金银花外植体先用75%的酒精消毒30 s,再配合0.2%的升汞溶液处理5 m in,能达到理想的灭菌效果。     

春榆优良家系的苗期选择

本文对大兴安岭地区的春榆在苗期进行了优良家系的初步选择。结果表明:家系平均遗传力为0.61;从50个供试群体中选择出5个优良家系,分别是21号、40号、2号、39号、16号家系,遗传增益为17%。     

龙爪槐套袋嫁接育苗技术

对龙爪槐嫁接苗进行套袋育苗试验的结果表明：采用套袋育苗技术有利于嫁接苗接穗枝条幼芽萌发、展叶，促进新枝生长，提高嫁接苗的成活率、保存率。套袋嫁接育苗的时间宜在每年的4月下旬至5月1日前后进行。     

天师栗叶片DNA提取方法的建立

提取高质量的基因组DNA是开展分子生物学研究的重要前提之一。天师栗由于叶片含有较多的多糖、多酚类物质,常常导致DNA 的提取质量不高,严重影响了后续的分子生物学操作。本研究以树龄分别为600年、50年和4年的天师栗植株的成熟叶片为材料,建立了适合于天师栗叶片DNA 的提取方法(M1),并将其与3种常见植物DNA提取方法(M2～M4)进行了比较。结果表明:M1提取DNA的浓度范围介于207.19~488.98 ng·μL -1之间,平均值为308.42 ng·μL -1;纯度A260/A280比值介于1.90~1.98,平均值为1.93;A260/A230比值介于1.72~1.95,平均值为1.86;DNA电泳条带清晰,亮度适中,点样孔干净无污染;ISSR-PCR能扩增出条带清晰、稳定性好、多态性高的PCR产物。M1提取出的DNA在浓度、纯度、DNA条带、ISSR-PCR扩增产物方面均明显优于其它3种方法(M2～M4),适合用于天师栗叶片DNA 的提取。