大豆疫霉选择性分离技术研究

 由大豆疫霉(Phytophthora spiae)引起的大豆疫霉根腐和茎腐病广泛分布于世界大豆主产区。是大豆毁灭性病害之一。     

大豆疫霉病的症状与分离技术

大豆疫霉病的症状与分离技术李宝英（黑龙江省农科院合江农科所佳木斯１５４００７）大豆疫霉病Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｍｅｇａｓｐｅｒｍａｆ．ｓｐ．ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅａＫｕａｎ＆Ｅｒｗｉｎ也叫大豆疫霉根腐病，是一种分布较广、危害极其严重的土传性病害。产量损失一...     

大豆疫霉病发生危害及影响其发生因素的探讨

经1995～1998年对黑龙江省大部分大豆产区调查明确,大豆疫霉病在黑龙江大豆产区的发生面积及危害程度有逐年扩大和加重趋势,田间发病率一般为3%～5%,严重达75%,甚至绝产。其发病严重原因除受品种抗病性的因素影响外,主要取决于降水的多少及土壤积水时间的长短。此外,耕作、栽培方式、茬口等因素也不同程度影响发病。大豆在整个生育期间都可受到疫霉菌的侵染。     

广州局从进口大豆中检出大豆疫霉菌

2003年3月7～12日,广州局新沙办事处从一批美国进口的58,782t大豆中检出一类危险性病害大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann).     

大豆疫霉菌检测技术研究进展

由大豆疫霉菌（Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann ＆ Gerdemann）侵染大豆引起的大豆疫霉根腐病（Phytophthora Root Rot of Soybean）是大豆生产上的毁灭性病害之一。该病害于1948年在美国印第安纳州首次发现，1955年公开报道后，日本、澳大利亚、新西兰、印度、加拿大、巴西、阿根廷、前苏联、匈牙利、德国、英国、法国、意大利、瑞士、埃及、尼日利亚等国家相继有了报道。     

从日本进境大豆种子中检出大豆疫病菌

从日本进境大豆种子中检出大豆疫病菌高秀兰种焱李文利陈洪俊（北京动植物检疫局１０００２９）１９９７年１月７日，在国际邮件交换局截留的１袋大豆种子中（４个品种，７１０ｇ），检查出了大豆疫病菌Ｐｈｙｔｏｐｈｔｈｏｒａｍｅｇａｐｅｒｍａ（Ｄｒｅｃｈｓ．）ｆ．...     

防城港首次截获大豆疫病菌

大豆疫病是大豆生产中的毁灭性病害之一 ,自1 948年在美国首次报道该病以来 ,已先后在美洲、欧洲、日本和澳大利亚等 2 0多个国家发生。目前该病引起的根腐和茎腐病已成为美国大豆较为普遍的病害 ,其造成的损失也是巨大的 ,如 1 989～ 1 991年间仅在美国中北部 ,在使用抗病品种的情况下 ,平均每年造成的损失仍达 93万 t,价值 1 .87亿美元。　　 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,防城港某公司从美国 RESERVE港进口大豆 5 8443 .2 1 9t,经我局检验检疫人员抽样鉴定出一种我国禁止进境的危险性病菌——大豆疫病菌 Phytophthora sojae Kaufmann & Gerdemann,…     

从进口美国大豆土壤中发现的疫霉菌的鉴定

2003年3月初,辽宁出入境检验检疫局下属大窑湾局在对美国进口大豆中收集到的土壤进行大豆疫霉诱集检测时,在300多个叶碟中,发现其中1个叶碟的边缘有4个类似疫霉菌(Phytophthora sp.)的孢子囊.     

张家港局检出大豆疫霉病

2005年1月,张家港局对一批来自美国的6万t大豆实施检疫时,抽取了样品和其中携带的土壤颗粒,经过PCR快速检测方法和传统的叶碟诱集法的两次相互验证检测,确认该批大豆中携带大豆疫霉病菌.现已对该批大豆进行了除害处理.     

一种适用于大豆疫霉菌研究的培养基

 1989年沈崇尧和苏彦纯首次在我国分离到大豆疫霉菌(Phytophthora sojae M.J.Kaufmann&J.W.Gerdemann)。目前,该菌已成为三江平原大豆产区影响大豆生产的重要病原菌。在国外,用于P.sojae研究的主要培养基之一是利马豆(Phaseolus lunatus L.,Lima bean)培养基,而国内利马豆很少,一般不易获得,为此,我们尝试用与利马豆同属的粒用菜豆(芸豆)(P.vulgaris L.,Common bean)制作培养基代替利马豆培养基用于大豆疫霉菌的研究。     

Bioassay to assess root rot in pea and effect of root rot on yield

Infection of pea roots by soil-borne pathogens causes foot and root rot. In 1985 research was started to develop a method to predict the root rot likely to occur in prospective pea fields. In a bioassay the pea cultivar Finale was sown in a composite soil sample from each field in pots under standardized conditions in the greenhouse. The plants were removed at the green bud stage and the severity of root rot recorded. Between 1985 and 1988 approximately 200 field pea crops were monitored for root rot development. Forty-eight fields were bioassayed in 1986, 51 in 1987 and 30 in 1988. Each year, root rot readings in the bioassay and disease severity readings at field sampled plants at flowering and green pod were linearly correlated (P<0.001). As the degree of root rot in the field crop increased, there was a proportional lower yield. In heavily infested fields, up to a 50% yield reduction occurred.The bioassay in pots proved to be a reliable method for predicting root rot severity in sampled pea fields.     

龙血树根腐病病原菌的鉴定

龙血树根腐病是一种系统性病害,该病引起植株地上叶片由黄色变为褐色,根部的皮层和木质部分离,木质部表面有白色的霉层,维管束呈红棕色坏死,后期病根褐色腐烂。从发病的植株根部分离、纯化病原菌,经致病性测定、形态学、培养性状观察和rDNA-ITS序列的分析鉴定表明,引起龙血树根腐病的病原菌为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporumSchl.)。     

Phytophthora root rot of sweet pepper

Phytophthora capsici proved to be the causal agent of a root and crown rot of sweet pepper in the Netherlands.P. capsici was pathogenic on sweet pepper, tomato and sometimes on eggplant but not on tobacco Xanthi. Of these test plants only tomato was infected byP. nicotianae.No different symptoms in plants infected with eitherP. capsici orP. nicotianae were found. Dipping the roots of tomato and sweet pepper plants in a suspension ofP. capsici resulted in a more severe attack than pouring the suspension on the stem base.Resistance in tomato toP. nicotianae did not include resistance toP. capsici. A method to distinguishP. capsici fromP. nicotianae after isolation from soil is described. Both species were able to infect green fruits of tomato and sweet pepper.p. capsici survived in moist soil in the absence of a host for at least 15 months.Samenvatting Phytophthora capsici bleek de oorzaak te zijn van een voet-en wortelrot in paprika op twee bedrijven in 1977 in Nederland.P. capsici was pathogeen op paprika, tomaat en soms op aubergine maar niet op tabak Xanthi.P. nicotianae tastte van deze toetsplanten alleen tomaat aan. Verschillen in symptomen tussenP. nicotianae enP. capsici werden bij tomaat niet waargenomen.Het dompelen van de wortels in eenP. capsici suspensie gaf een ernstiger aantasting dan het begieten van de wortelhals met deze suspensie.Resistentie in tomaat tegenP. nicotianae bleek geen resistentie tegenP. capsici in te houden. P. capsici kan in grond worden aangetoond door groene paprikavruchten als vangsubstraat te gebruiken.P. capsici enP. nicotianae kunnen beide zowel vruchten van tomaat als paprika aantasten. P. capsici overleefde een periode van 15 maan den in vochtige grond waarop geen waardplant werd geteeld.     

Causes of root rot in maize on sandy soil

In an outdoor pot trial the causes of root rot im maize were studied with a nematicide (oxamyl) and fungicides (captafol and metalaxyl). Root rot is particularly severe with continuous cropping of maize on sandy soil. There was clear evidence ofPythium spp. being the main, cause of it.Fusarium spp. may contribute to root rot at a later stage in the growth of the crop. The parasitic root nematodesPratylenchus crenatus andTylenchorhynchus dubius were harmless in the present trial. Application of metalaxyl significantly increased the population ofT. dubius. No interaction was found between fungicides and a nematicide.     

甘薯根腐病病原菌鉴定

采用形态学、分子生物学和柯赫氏法则验证技术,对引起内蒙古甘薯根腐病的腐霉菌进行了鉴定。2012年从内蒙古通辽市科尔沁左翼后旗甘薯种植区采集的病样中分离获得45个菌株,经形态学观察和rDNA-ITS序列分析,确定其中43个菌株为Pythium ultimum var.ultimum,分离频率高达95.6%。致病性测定结果表明,回接后观察到与田间自然发病症状相同,并从发病根部重新分离到初始接种的腐霉菌株。腐霉菌引起甘薯根腐病在内蒙古为首次报道。     

Influence of iron on cylindrocarpon root rot development on ginseng

ABSTRACT Cylindrocarpon root rot, caused by Cylindrocarpon destructans, is an important disease on ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) in Canada. We studied the effects of iron (Fe) on disease severity and pathogen growth. When Hoagland's solution was amended with Fe at 56 and 112 mug/ml compared with 0 mug/ml, disease initiation and final severity on hydroponically maintained ginseng roots was significantly (P<0.0001) enhanced. Under field conditions, wounding of roots with a fine needle followed by application of 0.05% FeNaEDTA to the rhizosphere of treated plants significantly enhanced Cylindrocarpon root rot in 2003 and 2004 compared with unwounded roots with Fe or wounded roots without Fe. Foliar applications of Fe (as FeNaEDTA) to ginseng plants three times during the 2002 and 2003 growing seasons significantly increased Fe levels in root tissues. These roots developed larger lesions following inoculation with C. destructans in vitro. When radioactive Fe ((59)Fe) was applied to the foliage of ginseng plants, it was detected in the secondary phloem and in cortical and epidermal tissues within 1 week. Artificially wounded areas on the roots accumulated more (59)Fe than healthy areas. Diseased tissue also had threefold higher levels of phenolic compounds and Fe compared with adjoining healthy tissues. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed enhanced levels of protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, phloridizin, and quercetin. Phenolic compounds produced in diseased and wounded tissues sequestered Fe in vitro. The effects of Fe on mycelial growth, conidial germ tube length, and secondary branching of germ tubes of C. destructans were examined in vitro. When grown on Chrome-azurol S medium, Fe also was sequestered by C. destructans through siderophore production, which was visualized as a clearing pigmented zone at the margin of colonies. Mycelial dry weight was significantly increased in glucose/ yeast broth containing Fe at 56 or 112 mug/ml. Conidial germ tube length and secondary branching of hyphae also were enhanced after 8 and 16 h by Fe. Colony growth of C. destructans was not enhanced by Fe, but significantly greater spore production was observed with Fe at 56 and 112 mug/ml compared with no Fe in the medium. Although these levels of Fe had no effect on fungal pectinase enzyme activity, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity was significantly (P <0.0001) enhanced. We conclude that Fe enhances Cylindrocarpon root rot through enhanced pathogen growth, sporulation, and PPO enzyme activity. Fe sequestered by phenolic compounds produced in wounded tissues can enhance Fe levels at the site of infection. The pathogen also has the ability to sequester Fe at these sites.     

豌豆根腐病研究进展

根腐病是豌豆根部的重要病害之一,在世界各地豌豆产区均有发生,是制约豌豆产业持续健康发展的因素之一。世界上尚未发现对根腐病完全免疫的豌豆品种,防治方法主要以农业防治和化学防治为主。本文从豌豆根腐病的发生与分布、病原菌的分类及特点、抗性鉴定及评价标准、种质资源、分子标记及防治策略等方面对国内外豌豆根腐病研究现状进行综述。并提出抗病育种和未来豌豆根腐病综合防治的研究方向。     

玉竹根腐病病原鉴定

从湖北省农科院蔬菜研究所蔬菜试验基地采集玉竹病样标本,采用常规组织分离法分离玉竹茎基部病原菌菌株。经过柯赫氏法则致病性测定和18S rDNA分子鉴定。结果表明,湖北玉竹根腐病的根腐症状和病原菌与前人文献描述不同,为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)和烟曲霉菌(Aspergillus fumigatus)2种致病菌复合侵染。     

一种马铃薯根茎腐烂病病原鉴定

正马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)为茄科茄属植物,是全世界广泛种植的重要粮食作物~([1])。马铃薯为人们提供了丰富的营养物质,如碳水化合物、多种微量营养素和有利于健康的膳食纤维~([2,3])。马铃薯根茎腐烂病由多种病原菌引起,是马铃薯采后的主要病害~([4])。甘薯长喙壳菌也引起多种植物果实腐烂,如巴西首次报道甘薯长喙壳菌侵染鸡蛋