TaHIPP32与 TaHAK1表达及小麦缺钾胁迫耐性的关系

钾是植物生长发育必需的三大营养元素之一。高亲和性钾转运蛋白（HAK）能加强植物在缺钾胁迫时钾的吸收和转运。本课题组前期研究发现,小麦 TaHAK1基因在缺钾胁迫条件下显著上调表达,并筛选得到可能调控 TaHAK1基因表达的上游转录因子基因 TaHIPP32,但这两个基因在缺钾胁迫中的作用机制尚不清楚。本研究首先对 TaHIPP32基因进行了系统发育和亚细胞定位分析,然后利用双荧光素酶验证 TaHIPP32和 TaHAK1基因的互作,并以河南省大面积推广的小麦品种百农207为试验材料,利用大麦条纹花叶病毒诱导基因沉默（BSMV-VIGS）技术分析缺钾胁迫处理下 TaHIPP32基因沉默对小麦植株的影响。系统发育和亚细胞定位分析表明, TaHIPP32基因与水稻 OsHIPP33基因的亲缘关系最近,且其编码的蛋白定位于细胞膜上。双荧光素酶试验表明,TaHIPP32蛋白能够与 TaHAK1基因启动子互作。通过BSMV-VIGS技术瞬时沉默 TaHIPP32基因,发现该基因沉默后,小麦植株对缺钾胁迫更为敏感,植株生长受到抑制,干重显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高;缺钾胁迫处理下,沉默 TaHIPP32基因的植株中, TaHAK1和 TaHIPP32基因的表达均被抑制,且植株体内钾元素从地下部到地上部的转移系数显著降低,说明 TaHIPP32基因通过调节 TaHAK1基因的表达来影响植株体内钾元素的转运。     

海南胡椒优势区土壤pH值与养分肥力指标的相关性分析

对海南省胡椒优势区胡椒园土壤分0～20 cm和20～40 cm两层取样,用以研究海南胡椒种植区土壤pH值与养分含量之间的关系。结果表明,海南胡椒优势区土壤pH值在3.76～5.26之间,极强酸土壤占样品总数的54％,强酸土壤占样品总数的46％;约98％胡椒园土壤有机质含量在较低含量区间;碱解氮含量有85％在适宜值范围内;有效磷含量有54％低于适宜值范围;约54％胡椒园缺乏速效钾;交换性钙、镁含量均低于适宜值范围。线性相关性分析结果表明,土壤pH值与速效钾、交换性钙、镁含量有显著正相关关系,与有机质、碱解氮、有效磷含量相关性不显著;岭回归分析结果表明,土壤pH值与养分因子的相关性由强到弱为：速效钾>交换性钙>有机质>交换性镁>碱解氮>有效磷。因此,应该适当增施草木灰、石灰和有机肥,以提高胡椒园土壤pH值和培肥土壤。     

Contents of minerals in green leafy vegetables cultivated in soil fortified with different chemical fertilizers

Content of selected minerals in spinach (Spinacea oleracea) andambat chuka (Rumex vesicarius) cultivated in soil fortified withdifferent chemical fertilizers was determined in a pot experiment.Addition of NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) fertilizer alongwith micronutrients, iron and zinc, enhanced the concentration of zinc,iron and magnesium in selected green leafy vegetables markedly (p<0.05),while the concentration of copper was not altered significantly(p>>0.05). Potassium content in the green leafy vegetables was notaffected (p>0.05) by the addition of chemical fertilizers to soil.Spinach and ambat chuka differed remarkably in their mineral contents.Contents of potassium, zinc and copper were significantly high in spinach,while the contents of magnesium and iron were markedly high in ambatchuka (p<0.05).     

Nutrient and antinutrient composition of Amaranthus muricatus

The chemical and nutritional composition of theaerial parts of Amaranthus muricatus wasassessed. This is a wild plant growing well in aridand poor soil, which are not suitable for cereals. Thematerial under study was boiled, dried and ground andthen evaluated for chemical, nutritional andantinutritional properties. Protein concentration ofthe amaranth flour was 15.74 g/100 g and total dietaryfiber content was high (53.81 g/100 g), with 79%coming from insoluble dietary fiber. The calciumcontent was 1533 mg/100 g and the Ca/P ratio (5.94)was markedly higher than the value suggested in the1989 Recommended Dietary Allowances. Fifty-ninepercent of the fatty acids present were unsaturatedwith linoleic acid accounting for 40% of the totalfatty acid content. Nitrate, hemagglutinin, trypsininhibitor and saponin contents were within thenon-critical values. Net protein utilization (NPU),true digestibility (tD) and biological value (BV)measurements indicated a nitrogen gain of 74% that ofcasein. The results of this study indicate a nutritivepotential for the A. muricatus leaves, therefore,domestication of this plant is suggested along withassessment of its chemical and nutritionalproperties.     

Evaluation of <Emphasis Type="Italic">sawah</Emphasis> rice management system in an inland valley in southeastern Nigeria. I: Soil chemical properties and rice yield

Failures in agricultural development in parts of West Africa may have been caused by the inability of the farmers to develop the abundant inland valleys for cultivation of such crops like rice, using appropriate water management systems. An inland valley in southeastern Nigeria was used to evaluate the influence of sawah and non-sawah water management using inorganic and organic soil amendments on the soil chemical properties and rice grain yield. Soil chemical properties tested were soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH, exchangeable K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Others were CEC, percent base saturation and exchangeable acidity while the grain yield of rice was also measured. The soils are loose, low in pH and poor in plant nutrient elements. In spite of that, the sawah-managed system was able to improve the pH of the soil by raising it slightly both in the first and second year of planting. Generally, essential plant nutrients such as exchangeable K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, including fertility index like the CEC, were improved within sawah management within the period. Also, rice grain yield increased significantly (5.62 and 6.25 tons/ha in the first year and 5.32 and 6.53 tons/ha in the second year for non-sawah and sawah, respectively) with sawah system such that about 11 and 23% yield increases were obtained in sawah over the non-sawah in the two years, respectively. Although organic carbon can be used to explain the variation in total grain yield in the first year, it was the CEC that explained the total grain yield in the second year. The study revealed the superiority of sawah over non-sawah in the production of lowland rice in an inland valley in southeastern Nigeria.     

施钾对春玉米产量、养分吸收及分配的影响

通过连续两年田间试验,研究吉林省中部玉米主产区施钾对春玉米产量、养分吸收、转运、分配及钾肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用钾肥可显著提高春玉米产量,在一定施钾范围内,春玉米产量随施钾量的增加而增加,当施钾量超过90 kg/hm2后产量不再增加,根据玉米产量(y)和施钾量(x)拟合,得出最佳施钾量为82.9~86.6 kg/hm2。施钾肥可提高干物质最大积累速率和积累总量、养分最大吸收速率和吸收总量,提前干物质最大积累速率和养分最大吸收速率出现的时间。施钾可提高春玉米氮、磷、钾养分向子粒的转运量及转运率,施钾量30~90 kg/hm2范围内抽雄期养分积累量与子粒转运量和转运率呈正比,当施钾量超过90 kg/hm2后,氮、磷、钾养分转运出现负效应。钾素农学利用率和偏生产力随着施钾量的增加而下降,钾肥当季回收率以施钾量90 kg/hm2处理最高。在吉林省中部玉米主产区,适宜施钾量为82.9~86.6 kg/hm2。     

柳叶刺蓼对玉米生长的影响及其经济阈值研究

柳叶刺蓼是吉林省春玉米田的恶性杂草,严重危害玉米生长发育,降低玉米产量。在大田条件下采用添加柳叶刺蓼密度系列试验和拟合函数关系模型方法,研究柳叶刺蓼与玉米的竞争关系。结果表明,在柳叶刺蓼的竞争干扰下,玉米株高、茎粗、穗长、单穗重、百粒重及产量均随柳叶刺蓼密度的增加而降低,空秆率增加。幂函数y=2.947x~(0.855)能较好地拟合玉米产量损失与柳叶刺蓼密度之间的关系(R~2=0.983;F=287.355;P=0.000 1)。玉米田柳叶刺蓼人工除草的经济阈值为3.97~5.02株/m~2,90%莠去津可分散粒剂或20%氯氟吡氧乙酸乳油化学防除柳叶刺蓼的经济阈值分别为0.45~0.58和0.53~0.67株/m~2。     

芽胞杆菌对玉米幼苗生长及土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响

以解淀粉芽胞杆菌NECC10723(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NECC10723,Bam723)和阿耶波多氏芽胞杆菌NECC10295(Bacillus aryabhattai NECC10295,Bar295)为试验材料,通过盆栽试验,探究接种不同芽胞杆菌对于玉米幼苗的生长指标、土壤酶活性和土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,盐碱胁迫下接种不同芽胞杆菌均对玉米幼苗起到不同程度的促生作用,Bam723和Bar295均在1×10⁷cfu/mL浓度下促生效果最为显著,提高盐碱胁迫下玉米幼苗的株高、茎粗、地上部及地下部干重和根冠比。土壤中施加Bam723可显著提升盐碱胁迫下玉米幼苗种植土壤中的酶活和土壤养分含量,与对照处理相比,土壤中脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性分别提高19.31%、31.77%和45.78%;土壤全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量分别提高137.54%、295.49%和3.19%,增加幅度均大于Bar295处理。     

The effect of seed-and soilborne inoculum ofColletotrichum coccodes on the incidence of black dot on potatoes

Summary Soil in a potato field naturally infested with black dot (Colletotrichum coccodes) was fumigated with methyl bromide at 126 g m⁻² or left unfumigated. Potato seed tubers (cv. BP1) uninfected, lightly infected (1–25% surface affected), severely infected (26–100% surface affected) and severely infected withC. coccodes but dusted with prochloraz manganese chloride as Octave 2.5% DP at 750 g per 100 kg seed were planted in fumigated and unfumigated soil. When harvested, the incidence of black dot on the progeny of infected seed planted in unfumigated soil was twice that of progeny in fumigated soil, with progeny of uninfected seed having a 68.5 times higher disease incidence in unfumigated soil. Black dot on progeny tubers was reduced by pre-treatment of seed with prochloraz in fumigated soil only. With black dot infested fields, planting disease-free seed or treating seed with fungicides would not decrease disease on progeny tubers.     

Accumulation of arsenic and its distribution in rice plant (Oryza sativa L.) in Gangetic West Bengal, India

The presence of arsenic in irrigation water and in paddy field soil were investigated to assess the accumulation of arsenic and its distribution in the various parts (root, straw, husk, and grain) of rice plant from an arsenic effected area of West Bengal. Results showed that the level of arsenic in irrigation water (0.05–0.70 mg l⁻¹) was much above the WHO recommended arsenic limit of 0.01 mg l⁻¹ for drinking water. The paddy soil gets contaminated from the irrigation water and thus enhancing the bioaccumulation of arsenic in rice plants. The total soil arsenic concentrations ranged from 1.34 to 14.09 mg kg⁻¹. Soil organic carbon showed positive correlation with arsenic accumulation in rice plant, while soil pH showed strong negative correlation. Higher accumulation of arsenic was noticed in the root (6.92 ± 0.241–28.63 ± 0.225 mg kg⁻¹) as compared to the straw (1.18 ± 0.002–2.13 ± 0.009 mg kg⁻¹), husk (0.40 ± 0.004–1.05 ± 0.006 mg kg⁻¹), and grain (0.16 ± 0.001–0.58 ± 0.003 mg kg⁻¹) parts of the rice plant. However, the accumulation of arsenic in the rice grain of all the studied samples was found to be between 0.16 ± 0.001 and 0.58 ± 0.003 mg kg⁻¹ dry weights of arsenic, which did not exceed the permissible limit in rice (1.0 mg kg⁻¹ according to WHO recommendation). Two rice plant varieties, one high yielding (Red Minikit) and another local (Megi) had been chosen for the study of arsenic translocation. Higher translocation of arsenic was seen in the high yielding variety (0.194–0.393) compared to that by the local rice variety (0.099–0.161). An appreciable high efficiency in translocation of arsenic from shoot to grain (0.099–0.393) was observed in both the rice varieties compared to the translocation from root to shoot (0.040–0.108).     

Response of plant species composition,biomass production and biomass chemical properties to high N,P and K application rates in Dactylis glomerata‐ and Festuca arundinacea‐dominated grassland

Little is known about the immediate effect of high nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) application rates on sown grasslands cut twice per year. We asked how quickly plant species composition, biomass yield, biomass chemical properties and nutrient balance respond to N, P and K application. An experiment using unfertilized control, P, N, NP and NPK treatments was established on seven‐year‐old cut grassland in the Czech Republic in 2007 and monitored over four years. Annual application rates were 300 kg N ha^?1, 80 kg P ha^?1 and 200 kg K ha^?1. The immediate response of plant species composition to N application was recorded and was found to be different to the response over the four years of the study period. Highly productive grasses (Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea and Phleum pratense) were promoted by N application in 2008 and then retreated together with legumes (Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) in all N treatments where the expansion of perennial forbs (Urtica dioica and Rumex obtusifolius) and annual weeds (Galinsoga quadriradiata, Impatiens parviflora, Lamium purpureum and Stellaria media) was recorded. At the end of the experiment, Festuca rubra was the dominant grass in the control and P treatment, and species richness was lowest in all treatments with N application. Mean annual dry‐matter yield over all years was 3.5, 3.9, 5.8, 5.6 and 6.8 t ha^?1 in the control, P, N, NP and NPK treatments, respectively. Concentrations of N in the biomass ranged from 20.0 to 28.7 g kg^?1 in the P and N treatments; concentrations of P ranged from 3.2 to 3.7 g kg^?1 in the N and P treatments; and concentrations of K ranged from 24.1 to 34.0 g kg^?1 in the NP and NPK treatments. The N:P, N:K and K:P ratios did not correctly indicate the nutrient limitation of biomass production, which was primarily N‐limited, and K‐limitation was only recorded for high production levels in treatments with N applications. On the basis of the nutrient‐balance approach, the balanced annual application rates were estimated as 140 kg N ha^?1, 30 kg P ha^?1 and 100 kg K ha^?1. We concluded that high N, P and K application rates can very quickly and dramatically change species composition, biomass production and its chemical properties in sown cut grasslands. High N application rates can be detrimental for tall forage grasses and can support the spread of weedy species.     

Application of acibenzolar-S-methyl and standard fungicides for control of Phytophthora blight on squash

A plant systemic acquired resistance inducer, acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), was evaluated to determine the efficacy for suppression of Phytophthora blight of squash caused by Phytophthora capsici under field conditions. ASM was applied as foliar sprays before and after transplanting at rates of 17.5, 8.8, and 4.4 g a.i. ha⁻¹. Application of ASM did not significantly reduce final Phytophthora blight incidences in 2 out of 3 field experiments; however, area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were reduced significantly by ASM in all experiments conducted. Disease suppression by the three application rates of ASM was not significantly different. To determine the effect of application of ASM in conjunction with standard chemical fungicides, ASM was applied with mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold), copper hydroxide, and mandipropamid (Revus). AUDPC values and final disease incidences were consistently lower in field plots treated by the combination of ASM and standard fungicides than applications of these chemicals alone. Application of ASM resulted in significantly higher squash yield than the non-treated control in 2 of 3 experiments and plots treated with the combined use of ASM and standard fungicides produced the highest yields. These results suggest that ASM may induce plant resistance under field conditions, providing suppression of Phytophthora blight of squash, and that there may be some benefit to the integration of ASM and standard chemical fungicides.     

Effects of soil solarization on soil-borne populations ofPythium aphanidermatum andFusarium solani and on the potato crop in Tunisia

Summary Soil solarization by mulching with polyethylene for 60 days during summer in Tunisia, was effective in reducing dramatically to a depth of 30 cm inoculum levels ofFusarium solani (Fs) from 3,000 to 450 propagules gram⁻¹ of dry soil. Population densities ofPythium aphanidermatum (Pa) were reduced from 1,700 and 3,000 to 0.5 and 1 propagule gram⁻¹ of dry soil in the top 15 cm and at 1–30 cm depth, respectively. After a subsequent autumn potato crop, populations ofPa remained very low in the previously solarized soil whereas propagule density in non-solarized soils was similar to the initial density. Also, inoculum level ofFs increased by 40% in nonsolarized soils while it remained unchanged in solarized soils, suggesting microbial processes that prevented soil reinfestation. All the annual weeds were eradicated by solar heating but not the perennial weedConvolvulus arvensis. Potato plant growth and yields were improved in solarized plots.     

施钾对小麦/ 玉米产量及土壤钾素平衡的影响

为指导河南小麦/玉米生产中钾肥的合理施用,于2010-2012年在高、中和低三种土壤供钾水平的试验点,研究了施钾量及施钾技术对小麦/玉米轮作产量、钾肥利用效率及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,在高钾、中钾和低钾土壤上施用钾肥,玉米分别增产4.76%～12.49%、7.56%～16.08%和7.01%～22.61%;小麦分别增产6.87%～13.87%、11.19%～18.57%和18.71%～27.49%。在不同供钾水平土壤上小麦钾肥利用效率均高于玉米,钾肥偏生产力表现为高钾点>中钾点>低钾点,高钾点钾肥当季利用率较高,低钾点的农学效率较高;当施钾量为90、135 kg·hm^-2时,小麦和玉米均以钾肥分2次施用效果较好;施钾量为45 kg·hm^-2时,玉米以底施较好,小麦以追施较好。低钾和中钾点在施钾量大于45 kg·hm^-2时,基本就能维持土壤钾素平衡,而高钾点则在施钾量大于90 kg·hm^-2时土壤钾素才有盈余。综合来看,高、中和低钾点适宜的钾肥用量分别在45、90、135 kg·hm^-2左右,以钾肥分2次施用效果较好。     

Phosphorus reduces salinity stress in micropropated potato

The present study was conducted to determine whether varying the sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium could affect radiophosphorus (³²P) uptake, and whether high NaCl stress was moderated by the availability of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) to micropropagated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank). The kinetics of³²P uptake in micropropagated potato plantlets was studied over a 48-hr interval in MS medium containing 1.25 mM Pi and varying concentrations of NaCl (0 to 120 mM). The³²P activity of the top-most trifoliate leaf increased considerably with time, but decreased significantly as medium NaCl concentrations increased. The³²P activity of the root tips at 48 hr was greater, but translocation of Pi into leaves was less, as medium NaCl concentration increased. As medium Pi concentration was increased from 0 to 2.5 mM, in the presence of 120 mM NaCl,³²P activity decreased in root tips but translocation into the topmost leaves occurred more efficiently.     

不同钾吸收类型小麦品种(系)秸秆还田对农田钾素平衡的影响

为明确不同小麦品种(系)秸秆还田对土壤钾素平衡的影响,采用大田试验,研究了32个小麦品种(系)成熟期植株的钾含量及分布,对比分析了秸秆直接就地还田与收获不还田条件下不同小麦品种(系)钾素的携出量、回田量与土壤钾素盈亏量。结果表明,在麦田钾肥施用量为93kg·hm-2条件下,秸秆还田后,小麦植株返还到土壤中的钾素量高达60.4~146.3kg·hm-2。与秸秆不还田相比,秸秆还田多向农田返还钾素44.6~112.6kg·hm-2。在秸秆还田条件下,种植所有品种(系)的土壤钾素均呈现大量盈余状态,其盈余量为65.7~81.3kg·hm-2,占施钾量的70.7%~87.4%。秸秆还田还有利于缩小不同品种(系)种植农田土壤钾素的差异。秸秆不还田条件下农田钾素盈亏状况在品种(系)间差异显著,而秸秆还田条件下不同品种(系)间农田钾素盈亏状况差异较小。钾高效吸收型小麦品种(系)具有较高的钾素携出量和回田量及较低的土壤盈余量,而钾低效吸收型小麦品种(系)则具有较低的钾素携出量和回田量及较高的土壤盈余量。从土壤可持续发展而言,无论小麦品种(系)钾吸收效率高低,秸秆还田条件下麦田均应大幅减少钾肥施用量。     

Biological response of chilli thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), to various regimes of chemical and biorational insecticides

The chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis (Hood) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new invasive pest in the USA, is an economically important pest of certain vegetable, ornamental and fruit crops in southern and eastern Asia, Oceania and parts of Africa. These crops cannot be protected from the pest without resorting to the use of chemical insecticides. In order to forestall or delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis, we continued our focus on the discovery of insecticides with different modes of action for rotational use. In this study we evaluated candidate insecticides to control S. dorsalis on ‘Jalapeno’ pepper, Capsicum annuum L.; these materials belong to different IRAC mode of action classes as follows: (i) 4A – neonicotinoids, i.e., imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and dinotefuran, (ii) 5 – spinosyns, i.e., spinosad and spinetoram, (iii) 3A – pyrethroids, i.e., β-cyfluthrin, esfenvalerate, ζ-cypermethrin and λ-cyhalothrin and (iv) 8D – borax mixed together with orange oil and detergents in the TriCon^® formulation. In addition we evaluated the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Botanigard^®) alone and in combination with the borax formulation at ½ of their usual rates of application. Each of the 3 neonicotinoid insecticides when applied either as a single foliar spray or as a soil drench significantly suppressed both adults and larvae for at least 10 days; indeed imidacloprid did so for 15 days. Dinotefuran was more effective as a foliar spray than as a soil drench. Spinosyns applied as a single foliar spray, significantly suppressed both adults and larvae through 15 days after treatment (DAT). None of the 4 pyrethroids provided significant suppression of either adults or larvae. The borax formulation suppressed adults and larvae through 10 DAT. B. bassiana significantly suppressed only the larvae at 5 DAT and not at 10 DAT. This study brings the number of insecticides known to be effective against S. dorsalis to 10 and these belong to 7 different modes of action classes. The use of such insecticides in rotation belonging to different classes will help delay the development of insecticide resistance in S. dorsalis.     

Efficacy of chloropicrin application by drip irrigation in controlling the soil-borne diseases of greenhouse pepper on commercial farms in Poland

Three demonstration experiments were conducted on commercial greenhouse farms to assess the efficacy of chloropicrin (CP), applied by drip irrigation, in controlling Verticillium wilt and root rot disease complex of bell pepper, in comparison with dazomet at 40 g m⁻². Chloropicrin was applied through drip irrigation system at 20, 30 and 40 g m⁻² of emulsified commercial formulation. The concentration of CP in water was constant, and the required doses were obtained by delivering different amounts of the irrigation water per area unit (from 12.5 to 33 mm). The highest mean efficacy in reducing the inoculum density of Verticillium dahliae in the soil at all locations was obtained after CP application at 30 and 40 g m⁻², about 85 and 86%, respectively. The number of viable microsclerotia recovered from the soil on the day of pepper planting was significantly correlated with the final incidence of Verticillium wilt disease (r = 0.962). The highest mean efficacy in controlling Verticillium wilt of pepper (86.4%) was obtained after soil treatment with CP at 40 g m⁻², and ranged from 80.2 to 95.6%. The yield was stronger correlated with root rot severity (r = −0.849**) than with progression of Verticillium wilt, expressed by AUDPC (r = −0.651**). The dominant soil-borne pathogen responsible for pepper root rot was Colletotrichum coccodes. All chemical treatments provided a significant reduction in root rot severity compared to the untreated control. On-thefarm evaluation revealed that soil fumigation with drip-applied chloropicrin presents a feasible option for pepper growers.     

华山新麦草易位系抗黄矮病的鉴定

小麦黄矮病在田间由麦蚜传播大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)感染引起。为给优质抗BYDV小麦新品种提供重要种质资源,采用堆测法种植材料,利用饲毒蚜虫接种病毒BYDV-GAV的方式,对27份华山新麦草易位系材料进行了抗病性鉴定,比较了接种病毒后各材料的病情指数及其千粒重。结果表明,27份华山新麦草易位系中,5份材料的病情指数介于13.56～18.89,表现为抗BYDV-GAV;9份材料的病情指数是介于27.78～48.89,表现为感BYDV-GAV;其余13份材料的病情指数均大于50.0,表现高感BYDV-GAV。不同华山新麦草易位系对BYDV-GAV抗性差异较大,筛选出的5份抗黄矮病材料可为培育优质抗病毒新品种提供重要种质资源。     

Effects of soil disinfection and potato harvesting methods on stem infection byRhizoctonia solani Kühn in the following year

Summary A two year field experiment was conducted twice to assess effects of chemical soil disinfection at planting and methods of harvesting potatoes on stem infection withRhizoctonia solani in the subsequent year. In the first year of the experiments seven methods. including one with soil disinfection at planting, were applied in August. In the following year,R. solani stem and stolon infection (disease severity) on potato plants were assessed in June. Soil treatment at planting with pencycuron resulted in lowest disease severity in the following year. Compared with chemical haulm killing and haulm pulling. immature-crop-harvesting also resulted in a lower disease severity, but only when black scurf was scarce on tubers at harvest in the preceding year.