亚侧耳菌丝营养特性的研究

研究了亚侧耳菌丝的培养特性。结果表明：亚侧耳菌丝生长的最佳碳源是葡萄糖；最佳氮源是硫酸铵、硝酸钙、硝酸铵；最适宜碳氮比是15：1-20：1；最佳无机盐和微量元素是钙[Ca（NO3）2]、和铜（CuSO4）；最适宜的酸碱度是pH6；最适宜温度是26-28℃。     

金顶侧耳不亲和性因子多样性的研究

按照传统不亲和性因子测定方法,通过真、假锁状联合的有无,鉴定6个金顶侧耳菌株的不亲和性因子,结果表明,金顶侧耳菌株具有不亲和性因子多样性的特点,6株金顸侧耳菌株除蕈谷2号榆黄蘑与张榆具有相同的A1A3B1B3不亲和性因子外,榆黄P103、RYH1、RYH2、榆黄菇分别具有A1A2B1B2、A4A5B4B5、A4A6B4...     

黄白侧耳栽培条件优化

对影响黄白侧耳(Pleurotus cornucopiae)子实体生长发育的4个因素进行研究.试验结果表明,黄白侧耳出菇期间最适宜的通风时间为每次1.5 h,早晚各通风一次;黄白侧耳在单层遮阴网遮盖下生长良好,优质商品菇比率较高;双"C"型开口较常规全开口的生物转化率高;转潮补液使用尿素营养液(50 g尿素,10 g葡萄糖,1 kg水)效果最佳.     

金顶侧耳种质资源的遗传多样性鉴定及农艺性状评价

以20个金顶侧耳(Pleurotus cituinopileatus)菌株作为研究材料,其中8株为栽培菌株,12株为野生菌株。利用ISSR分子标记技术分析金顶侧耳菌株种内遗传多样性,并对其菌丝长速、生物学效率、子实体形态等多个农艺性状进行评价。结果表明:20个金顶侧耳菌株具有丰富的遗传多样性,10条ISSR引物共扩增出92条条带,平均多态性条带频率为98.91%;在相似度0.65水平上绝大部分菌株按照中国北方和南方来源地不同聚为两大类群,显示较强的地域性。金顶侧耳平板上的菌丝长速与生物学效率(产量)不存在显著相关性,而生物学效率(产量)与采收时间显著负相关,菌盖直径、菌盖厚度及菌柄直径三者显著正相关,亲缘关系较远的菌株的农艺性状差异较大。根据评价结果,筛选出采收时间短、生物学效率高的菌株Pc6、Pc7及菌盖大、菌肉厚的菌株Pc13等携带优势性状菌株,可作为下一步育种研究的亲本材料。     

贵州2株野生侧耳的鉴定、生物学特性及驯化试验

以2株野生侧耳属菌株ZY-P和SH-P为试验材料，结合形态学与ITS序列分析，构建系统发育树进行鉴定。设定不同因素对菌丝体生物学特性进行研究，筛选出适合菌丝体生长的最佳条件，并通过驯化试验探究野生菌株的出菇特性。结果表明，菌株ZY-P和SH-P分别为糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus）和哥伦比亚侧耳（Pleurotus columbinus）。菌株ZY-P菌丝体生长最佳碳源为葡萄糖，最佳氮源为酵母膏，最适pH为7，最适生长温度为30℃，在全黑暗条件下生长最好。菌株SH-P菌丝体生长最佳碳源和氮源分别为甘露醇和酵母膏，最适pH为7～8，最适生长温度为30℃，在全光照条件下生长最好。经出菇试验，菌株ZY-P和SH-P第一潮菇生物学效率分别达46.36%、49.89%。     

南方地区栽培金顶侧耳高产技术

<正>金顶侧耳又称黄金菇、榆黄蘑、玉皇蘑等,其色泽金黄、味道鲜、香味独特、营养丰富。金顶侧耳抗逆性强、适应性广、栽培周期短、产量高,可床栽或袋栽,通常以袋栽为主。现将南方地区栽培金顶侧耳技术总结如下。1栽培季节及菌株选择金顶侧耳属广温偏高温型菌类,南方可以周年栽培。菌株选择吉林省蛟河市食用菌研究所金顶一号。2培养料配方选择木屑、玉米芯、甘蔗渣作为主料(成本低)。配方:木屑30%,玉米芯30%,甘蔗渣25%,麸皮10%,     

榆干侧耳菌丝培养特性研究

研究了榆干侧耳菌丝的培养特性。结果表明，榆干侧耳菌丝生长的最适碳源为果糖、甘油与葡萄糖；蛋白胨、黄豆粉、酵母膏、玉米粉、麸皮为氮源均适合榆干侧耳生长；最适微量元素为MgSO4与MnSO4，CuSO4抑制菌丝的生长；VB1、VB2、VB6、VC、肌醇均适合榆于侧耳的生长；菌丝生长的最适温度为20-25℃；最适pH7．83；适当的二氧化碳浓度有利于榆干侧耳的生长。     

1株野生亚侧耳的分离鉴定及其生物学特性分析

从西藏林芝市觉木沟采集到一株野生蘑菇,编号为HGHZ01。为明确该菌株的分类学地位及生物学特性,结合形态特征及ITS序列聚类分析对其进行了鉴定,通过单因素和正交试验探讨了不同因素对该菌株菌丝生长的影响。结果表明,该菌株的形态特征与灰白亚侧耳相符,与灰白亚侧耳ITS序列一致性达99%以上,并在系统发育树上聚为一支,确定该菌株为灰白亚侧耳(Hohenbuehelia grisea),是西藏新纪录种。生物学特性研究表明,该菌株菌丝生长的最佳碳源为果糖,最佳氮源为酵母膏,最适pH为9,最适温度为25℃。正交试验表明,该菌株最佳生长条件组合为果糖20 g·L^-1、酵母膏2 g·L^-1、pH 9、温度25℃。     

一株野生肺形侧耳生物学特性研究

对采自湖北省十堰市牛头山国家森林公园的一株野生肺形侧耳(Pleurotus pulmonarius)进行驯化试验,研究其最适菌丝生长和出菇条件,为其开发利用提供参考.结果 表明:该菌株菌丝生长最适条件为温度25℃、pH 6～7、碳源为淀粉、氮源为蛋白胨.用木屑与棉籽壳混合培养基质(木屑68％,棉籽壳20％,麸皮10％,...     

糙皮侧耳831原生质再生株的生物学特性研究

本文对三株糙皮侧耳８３１原生质体再生株进行了温度、光线、ＰＨ及不同碳氮源试验，以探讨各菌株最适宜的生长条件。出菇试验表明再生株８３１－１的生物学效率为１４２％，出菇量比对照８３１高２２．８％，是一株值得推广应用的优良菌株。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Relationship between renal hypertension and cardiac α1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies in rats

AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α₁-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α₁-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α₁-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α₁-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Influence of Mineral Nutrients on Strawberry Fruit Quality and Their Accumulation in Plant Organs

Abstract

This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Mixed-severity fire regime in a high-elevation forest of Grand Canyon,Arizona, USA

Fire regime characteristics of high-elevation forests on the North Rim of the Grand Canyon, Arizona, were reconstructed from fire scar analysis, remote sensing, tree age, and forest structure measurements, a first attempt at detailed reconstruction of the transition from surface to stand-replacing fire patterns in the Southwest. Tree densities and fire-/non-fire-initiated groups were highly mixed over the landscape, so distinct fire-created stands could not be delineated from satellite imagery or the oldest available aerial photos. Surface fires were common from 1700 to 1879 in the 4,400 ha site, especially on S and W aspects. Fire dates frequently coincided with fire dates measured at study sites at lower elevation, suggesting that pre-1880 fire sizes may have been very large. Large fires, those scarring 25% or more of the sample trees, were relatively infrequent, averaging 31 years between burns. Four of the five major regional fire years occurred in the 1700s, followed by a 94-year gap until 1879. Fires typically occurred in significantly dry years (Palmer Drought Stress Index), with severe drought in major regional fire years. Currently the forest is predominantly spruce-fir, mixed conifer, and aspen. In contrast, dendroecological reconstruction of past forest structure showed that the forest in 1880 was very open, corresponding closely with historical (1910) accounts of severe fires leaving partially denuded landscapes. Age structure and species composition were used to classify sampling points into fire-initiated and non-fire-initiated groups. Tree groups on nearly 60% of the plots were fire-initiated; the oldest such groups appeared to have originated after severe fires in 1782 or 1785. In 1880, all fire-initiated groups were less than 100 years old and nearly 25% of the groups were less than 20 years old. Non-fire-initiated groups were significantly older (oldest 262 years in 1880), dominated by ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir, or white fir, and occurred preferentially on S and W slopes. The mixed-severity fire regime, transitioning from lower-elevation surface fires to mixed surface and stand-replacing fire at higher elevations, appeared not to have been stable over the temporal and spatial scales of this study. Information about historical fire regime and forest structure is valuable for managers but the information is probably less specific and stable for high-elevation forests than for low-elevation ponderosa pine forests.This revised version was published online in May 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.