建筑外环境园林植物种植设计研究——以延安市区为例

建筑外环境园林植物种植是改善城市建设和生态环境的重要举措。从提升城市生态品味的角度,探索建筑外环境园林植物的种植,对同类型城市建设有一定的借鉴意义。文章以延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植为例,在对延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植的现状和存在的问题调研的基础上,提出适合延安市建筑外环境园林植物种植的思路和对策。     

Environment Principle in the City Illumination

Through the analysis on components of the environment,the essential factors affecting the city illumination,such as human beings,light and objects,are discussed in this paper with the help of environment psychology.On the basis of people's visual characteristics and psychological needs,the characters of illumination of the city in whole,city square,buildings and garden landscape are summarized and the laws of city illumination are revealed.It is found that designing the city illumination should create not only a visual environment but coordination with city spatial elements and physiological sense of human beings,offering a psychological environment in harmony with function atmosphere.The author finally puts forward his thinking on city illumination which combines the natural condition,object form,people's visual characteristics and environmental features based on the environment principle.     

温室地上环境因子模型研究综述

为了完善温室环境模型，实现生产过程最优控制，本研究从温室地上环境模型类型入手，以环境因子、静动态模型为划分依据，分析总结了单因子环境模型、多因子综合模型、静、动态模型的研究进展和存在问题，归纳了温室模型的简化方法。指出温室环境控制的主要问题仍是缺乏精确的环境模型。最后在以能量、质量和物质等平衡关系基础上，考虑作物品质、产量及经济成本，提出了运用现代优化控制理论，建立精准的温室环境模型，将成为今后的研究方向。     

Research on Thermal Environment of Healthy City Residence

After "SARS", people introspect on the human settlement, and the health conception becomes the focal point of attention.The thermal environment is the important content of the human settlement and a good thermal environment is the premise of healthy city, healthy residence and people's health.In this paper, the property and affection of the thermal environment are analyzed and the principle and the way to improve the thermal environment of city residence are investigated.All play an important role in the healthy human settlement.     

区域土壤环境质量的可拓物元评价

为了更加客观评价区域土壤环境质量,使土地资源得到合理规划和利用,将物元法引入土壤环境质量评价体系中,构建土壤环境质量评价的物元模型。通过实地土壤取样、测量,用物元分析法得出土壤中各种影响因子对一定区域内土壤环境质量的影响程度。实验结果表明：评价区内土壤中Cu含量为II级,其他重金属含量均符合I级标准,综合土壤环境质量评级结果为I级,具体等级值为1.342,即精确的等级是介于I级和II级之间,更偏重于I级。该评价方法可以科学、有效地应用监测数据,评价结果较为可信,能较科学地判定土壤环境质量级别,同时也可反映各污染因子对土壤环境质量的影响程度,并对污染程度加以区分和量化。     

辽河流域水环境预警研究

建立科学的预警系统是解决中国水环境危机的重要手段,为解决正确、快速而又直观预警的问题,引申并利用韦伯-费希纳定律,结合熵权法,以辽宁段内的三合屯、阿吉堡作为研究实例,选取与辽河流域水环境关系密切的水质评价指标。在此基础上利用熵权法确定各指标的权重,计算2个断面的水环境预警值,进而建立水环境质量等级与水环境综合影响指数之间的水环境预警模型。结果表明：三合屯预警级别为超重警,阿吉堡为无警,此模型可以较好地用于辽河流域水环境预警与评价。     

欧盟与我国农业环境评价方法比较研究

随着人口增加、农用化学品投入不断增加等,农业环境保护在全球范围内受到广泛重视,构建农业环境评价方法已成为评价农业环境变化的重要工具,为更好地构建我国农业环境评价方法体系以衡量不同区域尺度农业环境变化。采用比较研究法,从农业环境影响评价指标选择标准、理论以及指数体系组成、评价模型等方面,对我国与欧盟农业环境评价研究成果进行了比较。研究表明,我国在农业环境评价研究方面取得了巨大成果,但是在建立全国统一的农业环境指数指标选择原则及指标,创建农业环境数据库,并在农业环境指数评价模型构建等领域还有待于进一步努力完善,继续深入开展科学研究工作,以期为评价我国农业环境质量变化以及农业环境政策应用效果等服务。     

Research on Lighting Luminous Environment for Older People Living Areas in Residence

This paper probes into visual characters of older people, analyzes circumstance of lighting luminous environment under their living condition and then, beginning with visual physiology and visual psychology, it studies the illuminance and design methods of lighting luminous environment for older people living areas in residence.     

施用磷肥对环境的影响探讨

磷肥的施用与环境质量密切相关。本文讨论了过量施用磷肥加剧了农业非点源污染,农业非点源磷的累积增加了水体富营养化的风险,同时,磷肥中的重金属随磷肥的施用进入土壤环境,对土壤环境质量和农产品品质以及人体健康也有一定的影响。     

Heart of Landscape and Contribution of Building Environment: Discussions about Landscape Construction of Outdoor Environment Water Circulation System

Recently, the increasing concern about the environmental quality of human settlements makes people realize that the attractive environment given by natural ecology also deficiently needs the feedback and protection of nature in some forms so that the natural ecology can be endlessly cycled on its own. Taking the project of German Enterprise Center in Qingdao Sino-German Ecopark as an example, this paper discussed construction of outdoor environment water circulation system using the landscape building method.     

Design of Rural Residence Based on Thermal Comfort: A Case Study of Chengdu Area

With the improvement of living standards, peasants have attached increasing attention to quality of living environment, indoor thermal comfort of rural residence has become a functional need of new countryside residence. Chengdu is a foggy area with shorter sunshine hours, humid air, more foggy but fewer windy days, so local residence is likely to be muggy, which influences comfort of residents seriously. According to relevant researches, most rural residences in Chengdu use only natural ventilation, and the indoor thermal comfort is poor. In view of this, this paper tried to improve indoor thermal comfort and quality of living environment from the perspective of residence functional design.     

Evaluation of Natural Ecological Environment in Guangzhou City Based on Remote Sensing Technology and Comprehensive Index Method

Based on the ETM remote sensing images of Guangzhou City in 2014, the spatial distribution results o f three environmental factors including vegetation coverage(NDVI), soil index(vegetation index of bare soil) and sl ope were obtained. By using comprehensive index method, the normalized environmental factors were weighted and superimposed, and the fi nal evaluation results of ecological environment in Guangzhou City were obtained. The results showed that overall situation of natural ecological environment in Guangzhou was not optimistic, that is, the area of land with bad, moderate, good and superior environment accounted for 59.70%, 35.79%, 4.50% and around 0.01% of total area of land in Guangzhou City respectively. Ecological environment was generally poor in the central urban districts in the south of Guangzhou City, while it was relatively better in the north and northeast. Attaching importance to the constr uction of greenbelts and greenways is an effective way to improve regional environmental quality and natural ecological e nvironment level.     

陕西省资源环境承载力时空差异分析

利用陕西省资源、环境及社会经济数据,采用主成分分析方法建立了陕西省资源环境承载力评价指标体系,并提取了四个资源环境承载力主成分即资源供给、环境质量、社会经济和基础设施。通过ArcGIS 自然断点分级将承载力分为五个等级,即高承载地区、较高承载地区、中等承载地区、较低承载地区和低承载地区,分析了陕西资源环境承载力的时空特征。结果表明：综合承载力分布表现为关中高,陕北次之、陕南低的特征;资源供给承载能力关中最高,陕北中等,陕南承载能力最低;环境质量承载能力为渭南、榆林为属高承载力,安康及商洛最低;社会经济承载力陕北高,关中及陕南较低;基础设施承载力为宝鸡和咸阳高,铜川低。陕西省资源环境承载力空间分布不均,整体上各区域承载力表现出微弱的增加趋势,其中陕北地区承载力增加最大。陕西资源环境承载能力的变化与能源利用、耕地面积、工业废气排放量、人均GDP等因素密切相关。这些研究为区域经济和生态环境均衡发展规划提供了依据。     

On the Design of Roof Garden

Building roof garden can widen the green area and expand the green space effectively.It has the ecological function for improving the environment, beautification function for molding a person's sentiment and colorful practical function. It can promote the ecological balance of the city and optimize the environment for human residence to meet the needs of people to approach the nature and return to the nature. In designing roof garden, the favorite factors, such as wide field of vision, good illumination, large temperature difference, little pollution, small people flow as well as adverse factors concerning the field, bearing capacity, soil and wind power should be taken into account. In the meantime, to create an outer ecological space with abundant cultural connotation, it is necessary to take safety as prerequisite, ecology as basis,artistic quality as its core, function as its purpose and economy as its guarantee.     

基于灰色聚类法的大庆市油田开发区湿地水环境质量评价

探讨灰色聚类法在水质评价中的科学性,为大庆市油田开发区湿地水环境质量评价提供了方法学参考,并为松花江中下游水环境保护提供了相关依据。首先,分析了灰色聚类法、单因子污染指数法的基本原理,然后采用相关数学方法对各监测断面水质监测数据进行评价。结果表明,除万宝泡东北侧进水口、出水口桥下的水质为II类水质标准,龙凤湿地安肇新河为III类水质标准,水质较好外,其余监测点水质均为V类水质标准,水体污染严重。研究实例表明,相对于单因子污染指数法,灰色聚类法对水环境质量数据具有更高的利用能力及客观性。由于大庆市油田开发区周边有很多重要的湿地保护区,因此大庆市油田开发区湿地水质污染问题已不容忽视。     

The Research on the Construction of Concentrative Residence and Ecological Human Habitat Environment in the Rural Area of Rapidly Urbanizing Region

Under the background of the new rural construction in China, it is an important scientific question and an urgent social task to construct the harmonious society and to achieve the sustainable regional development on how to construct concentrative residence and manage the human habitat environment in the fast industrializing and typically urbanizing area. This paper analyzed the problems in the construction of the human habitat envi- ronment in the rural area of southern Jiangsu, discussed the methodologies of planning and design for rural con- centrative residence, researched the human habitat environment improvement technologies, and put forward the resolution of the recycling community for the rural inhabitation, which aimed at demonstrating the practicing in rapidly urbanizing regions.     

Development and Application of the Modelbase in Water Pollution Control Planning Geographic Information System

Modelbase(MB) takes an important role in Water Pollution Control Planning Geographic Information System(WPCPGIS),which endows the system with functions of water environmental simulation,data analysis,predicting,and providing feasible advices.Modelbase(MB) is the focus of this paper,with VB as the programme language,GeoMedia as the system developing platform and Microsoft Access as the database software.At the same time,the WPCPGIS Modelbase is applied in the water pollution control planning of Daxi River in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region,the water environment system relatively is simulated well,provicling planning-maker and decision-maker numerous useful informations:the distribution of pollution source,the situation of water quality,the environmental capacity of water,the situation of water quality in designing year,etc.The result of Modelbase can also be visually displayed in the digital map of GIS,therefore WPCPGIS can be directly applied to the decision-making of Water Pollution Control Planning.     

The Environment

The 1990s represented a decade of immense changes in environmental management in New Zealand. This paper outlines the challenges of implementing the widespread reforms started in the 1980s. In terms of the environment, reforms came in the form of a large volume of new legislation and a new system of decentralised planning and management. This paper discusses these changes in the context of a shift toward a new environmental paradigm. Key issues and initiatives of the 1990s are discussed which address sustainability, integration, environmental leadership, and public involvement. Specific strategies are outlined in reference to biodiversity, which has been identified as New Zealand's most pervasive environmental issue. Ongoing challenges for the future include how to better involve stakeholders to incorporate alternative values in decision making.     

On Noise Control of the Environment in Advanced Living District

The living environment is becoming more and more important,one of the main elements which affect it is noises.This paper takes the Zhonghuafang for example,to research how the whole planning and the designing for the living district affect the control of noises.Applying architectural technology,in order to cut down noises,a sound screen around the site is made and the distinctive constitution for the buildings is designed.The methods of disposing noises are proposed to make sure that the residents of the advanced living district are content with the living environment.     

甘肃经济与环境协调发展度评价研究

随着经济的快速发展,环境对经济发展的阻碍作用日益明显,可持续发展越来越引起人们的关注。虽然各学科领域的学者作了大量的研究工作,但理论上环境与经济协调发展的定量评价仍处于探索研究阶段。本文在对甘肃省经济与环境现状进行分析后,通过经济与环境协调度评价模型的研究,揭示出甘肃省环境状况与经济发展之间的关系,对当地环境政策的制定和评价具有一定参考意义。