甘蓝型油菜轮回选择研究 Ⅰ.向不同细胞质来源的基因型中导入显性核不育基因

以同时携带显性核不育基因Ms和显性不育抑制基因Rf的甘蓝型油菜为父本,含有相应隐性等位基因的同类型油菜为母本,经一代杂交成功地把显性核不育基因导入具不同细胞质来源的基因型中。90％以上的杂种一代、回交和复交组合均表现为1可育:1不育的分离。在第一批转育所用的15个亲本中,有3个对由Ms基因控制的雄性不育性有抑制作用,它们能使相应的杂种在F_1全部可育。不同的细胞质对Ms基因的表达没有影响。尽管遗传背景以及异地和不同生长季节种植造成的环境因素的差异对Ms表达有微弱影响,个别组合中有少量半不育株产生,但由Ms基因控制的雄性不育性在绝大多数情形下是稳定的,完全可以应用于甘蓝型油菜的轮回选择研究。     

白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB恢复系基因型的鉴定

以白菜型油菜双显性核不育896AB为材料，采用成对兄妹交和相应可育株自交，验证显性不育基因的遗传;用恢复系与全不育系测交，测交一代与临保系复交，验证显性恢复基因的抑制作用，并区分F2代育性分离为3:1和13:3的遗传类型。经4个年度的研究认为，育性是由一对显性不育基因MSMS和一对显性可育基因RfRf互作控制，且显性可育基     

一对复等位基因控制的油菜(Brassica napus L.)显性核不育系609AB的遗传验证

在确认609AB不育系类型的基础上,采用临保系测验法和测交后代可育株自交与回交等方法,有效区分了甘蓝型油菜显性核不育的一对复等位和两对显性基因互作控制的两种遗传模式。不育系类型鉴定结果表明609AB是纯合型显性核不育系;遗传分析证明所测恢复系的抑制基因均与Ms等位,不育系可育株的抑制基因也与不育基因等位,确认其     

大白菜显性核不育材料9405A的育性遗传初步研究

大白菜自交系(9209)与显性核不育两用系(9405AB)的不育株(9405A)测交,F1代全部植株恢复可育,F2 代育性分离株行与不分离株行之比为11,在育性分离株行中,大部分株行内的育性比贴近13(可)3(不).这一现象表明9209与9405AB的育性与呈相对显隐关系的3个育性基因Mf(可)＞Ms(不)＞mf(可)或4个育性基因Mf(可)＞Ms(不)＞mf(可)＞ms(不或可)和两对非同源染色体上的两对等位点相关,由此构成MsmfMfmf、MsmsMfmf和MsmfMfms三类型的双基因杂合体,它的自交S1代均能产生13(可)3(可)育性比的抑制效应,若ms为不育属性时,可用具有复等位基因性质的双隐性不育基因纯合体msmsmsms(不)进行判别其前述三类型.9203AB应归属何型?尚待鉴定.     

“Ch型”谷子显性核不育的遗传及其应用研究（Setaria italica）

通过对“Ch型”谷子显性核不育的遗传研究,证实“Ch型”的不育性与“澳大利亚谷”的细胞质无关,其育性是受两对显性连锁基因Ms-和Rf-上位互作控制的。其中Ms是显性不育基因,Rf是显性上位基因,当二者共同存在时,显性上位基因能抑制显性不育基因的表达,从而使不育表现可育。这种由杂交而来,并能找到“恢复系”的显性核不     

矮败小麦的遗传研究

矮败小麦是具有矮秆基因标记的显性核不育材料,显性雄性不育基因Ms2与显性矮秆基因Rht10连锁十分紧密,其连锁交换值仅为0.18,而紧密连锁基因Ms2和Rht10与着丝点间的遗传距离为31.17个交换单位。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育性的遗传研究——Ⅰ.隐性核不育系9012A的遗传

研究结果表明:(1)甘蓝型油菜核不育系9012A不同于显性上位互作核不育,是一种新的基因互作核不育类型,其不育性受2对隐性重叠不育基因和1对隐性上位抑制基因互作控制,当隐性上位基因纯合时,对隐性不育基因起上位抑制作用。(2)在甘蓝型油菜中存在至少2套独立的不同隐性重叠不育基因,隐性上位基因与不同的隐性重叠不育基因之间的互作是非专一性的,这对于现有双基因隐性核不育杂种优势利用具有重要意义。 隐性上位互作核不育完全保持系的分离解决了传统隐性核不育杂种优势利用难点,为隐性核不育杂种优势利用开辟了新途径。这类核不育不仅在杂优育种实践中具有较高的开发利用价值,同时也是研究植物细胞核雄性不育机理的理想材料。     

谷子Ch型显性核不育性恢复可育机制的探讨

谷子Ch型显性核不育性是由两对显性基因通过上位互作控制的。其中一对为显性不育基因,另一对为显性上位基因;显性上位基因的存在掩盖了显性不育基因的表达,从而使不育性恢复可育。同时这两对基因是连锁的,二者之间的交换率约为9.4％。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育性的遗传研究：I.隐性核不育系9012A的遗传

研究结果表明：（１）甘蓝型油菜核不育系９０１２Ａ不同显性上位互作核不育，是一种新的基因互作核不育类型，其不育性受２对隐性重叠不育基因和１对隐性上位抑制基因互作控制，当隐性上位基因纯合时，对隐性不育基因起上位抑制作用。（２）在甘蓝型油菜中存在至少２套独立的不同隐性重叠不育基因，隐性上位基因与不同的隐性重叠不育基因之间的互作是非专一性的，这对于现有双基因隐性核不育杂交优势利用具有重要意义。隐性上位互作     

谷子核显性基因互作雄性不育系的选育与配套

一、不育系的选育与配套方案1978年赤峰市农科所胡洪凯等在澳大利亚谷×吐鲁番谷的杂交后代中得到一份不育材料78182,1979年又在同一组合的后代可育株中得到78181-5系,对其不育性具有全恢能力。经过多年研究确认:其育性是受核内两对显性连锁基因Ms和Rf互     

矮败小麦及应用途径分析

矮败小麦是具有矮秆基因标记的显性核不育材料，非矮秆品种与之授粉，后代群体中的矮秆株是雄性不育的，而非矮秆株是雄性可育的。矮败小麦是太谷核不育小麦的第二代产品，多方面优于太谷核不育小麦，在常规育种、轮回选择和基础研究中有远大的应用前景。     

Development of dominant nuclear male-sterile lines with a blue seed marker in durum and common wheat

In order to develop genie male‐sterile lines with a blue seed marker, male‐sterile plants, controlled by a dominant nuclear gene Ms2, were used as female parents against a 4E disomic addition line ‘Xiaoyan Lanli’(2n= 44, AABBDD+4EII) as the male parent to produce monosomic addition lines with blue seed. Male‐sterile plants from the monosomic addition lines were pollinated with durum wheat for several generations and in 1989 a male‐sterile line with the blue grain gene and the male‐sterile gene Ms2 on the same additional chromosome was detected and named line 89‐2343. Using this line, the blue seed marker was successfully added to a short male‐sterile line containing Ms2 and Rht10. The segregation ratios of male sterility and seed colour as well as the chromosome figurations of different plants indicated that the blue grain genes, Ms2 and Rht10 were located on the same additional chromosome. Cytological analysis showed that the blue marker male‐sterile lines in durum wheat and common wheat were monosomic with an additional chromosome 4E. The inheritance ratio for blue seed male‐sterile plants and white seed male‐fertile plants was 19.7% and 80.3%, respectively, in common wheat. The potential for using blue marker sterile lines in population improvement and hybrid production is discussed.     

甘蓝型油菜显性细胞核雄性不育基因的AFLP标记

用甘蓝型油菜双基因显性细胞核雄性不育系Rs1046A和欧洲油菜品种Samourai构建了一个回交分离群体。在群分法（BSA）构建的不育池和可育池中共筛选了256对AFLP引物组合,找到了与不育基因紧密连锁的两个AFLP标记(EA03MC1599和EA07MC01235), 它们与不育基因的遗传图距分别是3.5 cM和5.5 cM,而且位于不育基因的同一侧,标记间相     

Characterization of a male sterile mutant from progeny of a transgenic plant containing a leaf senescence-inhibition gene in wheat

A male sterile plant of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) segregated from progenies of a transgenic family containing the leaf senescence-inhibition gene P _SAG12 -IPT in the genetic background of ??Xinong 1376??, a well adapted winter wheat cultivar. The male sterile plant (named TR1376A) showed no phenotypic changes, except for florets and male organs, compared to its male fertile sibling plants (named TR1376B). The glumes and florets of male sterile TR1376A plants widely opened whereas those of the fertile counterpart TR1376B were closed or opened only briefly at flowing. Anthers of TR1376A were slender and indehiscent, and failed to release pollen. Compared to TR1376B, TR1376A anthers contained greatly reduced amounts of pollen, which was inviable or weakly viable. Ultra-structure studies indicated that cells in the endothecium and middle layers of the anther wall were dissolved or poorly developed in the sterile anthers of TR1376A. Molecular studies showed that the male sterility of TR1376A was caused by a sequence deletion or mutation that occurred in the promoter region of the transgene. F₁ hybrids of TR1376A and TR1376B gave 1:1 segregation of male fertility to sterility, indicating that the male sterility of TR1376A was heritable and controlled by a single dominant gene (named Ms1376). To date, only a few dominant nuclear male sterility genes have been characterized and one of them (Ms2) has been successfully used to improve wheat cultivars through recurrent breeding strategies. The discovery of the Ms1376 gene provides another dominant male sterile source for establishing recurrent breeding systems in wheat.     

甘兰型双低油菜细胞核雄性不育系黔油2AB育性遗传研究

根据遗传学原理，采用测交、回交、自交及兄妹交的方法，研究黔油2A的育性遗传规律。结果表明：黔油2A属双基因显性“杂合两型系”，其育性是受两对显性基因MsMs和RfRf互作控制的，其中Ms是显性不育基因，Rf是显性恢复基因，同时抑制不育基因性的表达，使育性恢复可育。其不育株基因型为Msmsrfrf，保持株基因型为msmsrfrf，恢复株基因型Ms-RfRf和msmRfRf。     

Molecular mapping of a dominant genic male sterility gene Ms in rapeseed (Brassica napus)

Rs1046AB is a genic male sterile two‐type line in rapeseed that has great potential for hybrid seed production. The sterility of this line is conditioned by the interaction of two genes, i.e. the dominant genic male sterility gene (Ms) and the suppressor gene (Rf). The present study was undertaken to identify DNA markers for the Ms locus in a BC₁ population developed from a cross between a male‐sterile plant in Rs1046AB and the fertile canola‐type cultivar ‘Samourai’. Bulked segregant analysis was performed using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) methodology. From the survey of 480 AFLP primer combinations, five AFLP markers (P10M13₃₅₀, P13M8₄₀₀, P6M6₄₁₀, E7M1₂₃₀ and E3M15₁₀₀) tightly linked to the target gene were identified. Two of them, E3M15₁₀₀ and P6M6₄₁₀, located the closest, at either side of Ms at a distance of 3.7 and 5.9 cM, respectively. The Ms locus was subsequently mapped on linkage group LG10 in the map developed in this laboratory, adding two additional markers weakly linked to it. This suite of markers will be valuable in designing a marker‐assisted genic male sterility three‐line breeding programme.     

Identification and Genetic Studies of the Inhibition of Dominant Male Sterility in Brassica napus

By transferring dominant male sterility (DMS), caused by the gene Ms, to genotypes with various types of cytoplasm 12 DMS lines were developed and a number of crosses made between the DMS lines and other genotypes of Brassica napus. During the course of this population improvement programme, 16 genotypes were identified as having the capacity to restore the fertility of F₁ plants with the Ms gene. According to pedigree analysis, the inhibitory gene in those lines probably originated from a few genotypes from Australia and Germany. In further studies the inheritance of the sterility inhibition was determined, providing definite evidence that dominant male sterility and its inhibition in B. napus are controlled by two dominant interacting genes rather than by multiple alleles.     

甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作核不育基因(Ms1)精细定位

甘蓝型油菜细胞核雄性不育是杂种优势利用的重要途径.隐性上位互作核不育系9012A已经广泛用于杂交种子生产,其不育性受两对隐性重叠不育基因(ms1和ms2)与一对隐性上位抑制基因(rf互作控制.ms1和ms2同时纯合(ms1ms1ms2ms2)表现不育,但隐性纯合rf(rfrf)对ms1ms1ms2ms2的表达起抑制作用...