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自2002年1月欧盟全面禁止进口我国动物源食品以来,我国蜂蜜、蜂王浆不能向欧盟出口,向美国、日本、加拿大等出口也严重受阻,这给我国蜂业界,包括养蜂、出口生产企业、外贸部门以及蜂产品经营等方方面面敲起了警钟。如何从源头抓起,按欧盟等进口要求建立残留监控体系,做到科学养蜂、合理用药已成了蜂业界的共识。彻底改变蜂产品残留超标的情况需要我国农业、检验检疫等政府部门及蜂业界各方共同努力,下大力气才能取得较好成效。据悉,欧盟有可能在不久的将来对我国出口蜂蜜“解禁”。为适应美国、日本、加拿大和欧盟等进口国家和地区越来越严… 相似文献
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在当前美国的反倾销 ,欧盟的技术贸易壁垒 ,整个农产品形势由追求数量逐步转变为提高质量的市场需求下 ,提高蜂产品的品质是蜂业健康持续发展的关键。建立中国特色的天然成熟蜜生产模式是解决蜂蜜质量问题的必由之路。一、我国蜂蜜生产中迫切需要推广普及的 5个要求蜂业工作者务必提高质量意识 ,在生产、加工、流通、销售等环节注意蜂蜜质量卫生。目前需要迫切推广的 5个要求是 :①蜂蜜质量 ,必须做到尽可能生产天然成熟蜜。进入流蜜期 ,视进蜜情况确定取蜜的时间 ,到了流蜜盛期 ,待蜂蜜酿制成熟 ,即蜜房封盖或呈鱼眼状才能分离 ,不要见蜜就… 相似文献
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2002年1月,欧盟借我国蜂蜜氯霉素残留超标,禁止中国蜂蜜进口,并引起日本、美国蜂蜜进口国连锁反应,我国蜂业损失惨重。中国蜂蜜出路在何方?面对严峻现实,2003年浙江省缙云县蜂业技术协会与杭州常青蜂业公司实行产、供、销联合,蜂、工、贸一体化,有效地提高了蜂农生产蜂蜜出口合格率,取得了可喜成绩。2003年3~7月,浙江省缙云县蜂业技术协会组织会员蜂场生产油菜、荆条、椴树蜂蜜131.6t供应杭州常青蜂业公司。此批蜂蜜经该公司按出口蜂蜜标准(尤其是氯霉素)检验合格率为97%。浙江省缙云县蜂业技术协会自1993年2月1日成立以来,现有会员110名,… 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献