"浓缩鱼蛋白"在玉环开发成功

据中国海洋报《水产周刊》报道:日前,浙江省玉环县黄门海洋渔业公司从杂鱼中开发出“浓缩鱼蛋白”,从而走出一条利用低值鱼深加工的路子。 “浓缩鱼蛋白”是一种在国外被广泛应作营养、保健食品的添加剂。它以深海低值鱼为原料,采用现代高科技生物技术,以独特的加工工艺制作而成。该     

大弹涂鱼红血细胞微核测试

本试验采用大弹涂鱼作微核测试研究。用孔雀绿，福尔马林，硫酮铜，五倍子等四种药作致突变因子，硫酸铜，五倍子等四种药作致突变因子；试验结果表明；前三种药随着浓度增加而微核率上升，致变怀高，与对照组有显著差异。后者中草药致变性低，微核率出现无明显差异。     

全鱼粉生产中汁液浓缩设备及其工艺性

浓缩液生产工序是完全湿法工艺中不可缺少的部分。鱼料被煮熟压榨后得到的榨饼仅1/3.有时还更少,而榨汁却占2/3.如果把原料槽、原料堆中的汁水也利用起来,数量就更多了。前道工序是榨汁经卧式离心机初步分离.去除颗粒较大的固形物,送入立式油水分离机,得到粗制油,排出少量残渣和乳白水的鱼蛋白水(鱼汁,下同),含水量在92～95%。鱼汁就进入浓缩工     

Ames致突变性试验在熏鱼加工中的应用

对我国传统烟熏鱼加工中的烟熏汁进行Ａｍｅｓ微生物系统（沙门氏菌／微粒体）的致突变检测,试验结果表明,烟熏汁中有致突变物存在。据此,对烟熏鱼加工制作提出四点改进建议。     

正烷酵母饵料致突变性的研究

本试验用鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组氨酸缺陷型——哺乳动物肝微粒体酶测试系统(Ames’Test)，对正烷酵母饵料浸出液的非极性树脂XAD-2吸附物进行检测，以查明其是否具有致突变或致癌作用。结果表明，正烷酵母对菌株TA98及TA100有致突变作用，由此证明这种饵料中存在着引起DNA移码突变和碱基对置换突变的化合物，故这种酵母在被用作鱼类饵料或其他动物饲料之前，还应作进一步研究，防止其对环境的污染和其他潜在的危害性。     

畜肉状浓缩鱼蛋白的研制

畜肉状浓缩鱼蛋白是八十年代开发的一种新产品。本文作者利用中国海区的中、上层鱼类——沙丁鱼、马面鲀等作为原料,参考畜肉的物、化特性,经过反复实验、研究,制定了以下的工艺流程和条件。原料鱼经去头、去内脏、采肉后加入适量的氯化钠,调整pH至7.5左右,经机械挤压扭曲,然后乙醇萃职两次,多脂鱼进一步用高温乙醇萃取,最后干燥至要求水份,而得到高蛋白、低脂肪的产品,其复水性达到5倍,相对鱼肉得率17％以上。蛋白质在加工过程中损失较少,得到了充分利用。     

用鱼废弃物提取牛奶代用品

据美国西雅图州华盛顿大学报道，用生物学方法提取水解鱼蛋白表明，作为牛奶代用品具有发展前途。该大学的食品科学技术学院声称，水解鱼蛋白是一种高蛋白质来源，将证明具有很高营养价值，特别是对刚断奶的小牛。     

液体鱼蛋白及其应用

液体鱼蛋白是国外研制、开辟的一种蛋白源.在猪、鸡、鱼饲料中添加液体鱼蛋白,饲养效果良好,现已在许多国家推广应用,是一种颇有前途的蛋白饲料来源.今年初我国已通过技术鉴定,准备进行批量生产. 什么是液体鱼蛋白液体鱼蛋白是用不适宜食用的鱼或鱼下水(内脏、头、尾、皮、骨等)作原料,加入少     

鱼蛋白粉酶水解产物对DPPH自由基清除能力的研究

以鱼蛋白粉为原料,碱性蛋白酶(Alcalase 2.4 L)为水解用酶,研究了底物浓度、加酶量、水解p H、温度和时间对鱼蛋白粉水解产物的DPPH自由基清除率的影响。结果显示,5个因素对DPPH自由基清除率均有不同程度的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法对鱼蛋白粉的酶水解条件进行优化,得到的最佳水解工艺条件为:底物浓度(w/v)18.05%,加酶量(w/w)2.40%,水解p H 8.04、温度49.0℃、时间4.0 h。在此条件下水解度为9.81%,鱼蛋白粉水解液的DPPH自由基清除率为76.10%,与浓度为120μg/m L的还原型谷胱甘肽的DPPH自由基清除率相当。结果表明,鱼蛋白粉酶水解产物具有较好的清除DPPH自由基的能力。     

“清塘净”致突变作用的研究

Ames试验、黄鳝微核试验和白鲢染色体畸变分析三项试验的结果表明,“清塘净”的致突变性不明显。据其在生物体内的残留期短预测,清塘净潜在的致癌性也不明显。     

Evaluation of solid‐state fermented protein concentrates as a fish meal replacer in the diets of juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

We evaluated four fermented protein concentrates (FPCs) as a fish meal replacer in juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Ten diets were formulated to contain low‐temperature fish meal (LT‐FM), Vietnam fish meal (VT‐FM) and four types of FPCs as fish meal replacers (FPC‐A, B, C & D) at 30% and 50% FM replacement levels. FPC‐A was a mixture of solid‐state fermented soybean meal (SBM) and corn gluten meal (CGM) with Bacillus subtilis; FPC‐B was pretreated acid‐hydrolysed FPC‐A; FPC‐C and FPC‐D were FPC‐A + 2% shrimp soluble extract (SSE) and FPC‐B + 2% SSE, respectively. Triplicate groups of fish (average 15.4 g) were fed one of the experimental diets for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the LT‐FM, FPC‐B, FPC‐C and FPC‐D diets showed significantly higher growth performance at 30% FM replacement than those of fish fed the FPC diets at 50% FM replacement. Fish fed 30FPC‐B, 30FPC‐C and 30FPC‐D diets showed higher weight gain (WG) than fish fed 30FPC‐A diet. Haematological parameters showed no clear trends among the experimental groups. Superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities were found to be higher in fish fed the LT‐FM, FPC‐A, FPC‐B, FPC‐C and FPC‐D diets at 30% FM replacement than in fish fed the FPC diets at 50% FM replacement. Antinutritional factors such as α‐ and β‐conglycinin, glycinin, trypsin inhibitors or zein were absent in FPC compared with SBM and CGM. Intestinal villi length and muscular thickness were significantly reduced in fish fed the VT‐FM and FPC diets at 50% FM replacement compared to fish fed the LT‐FM and FPC diets at 30% FM replacement. The results show that FPC‐B, FPC‐C, FPC‐D could replace up to 30% of LT‐FM in juvenile rainbow trout.     

Hydrolysed fish protein concentrate (FPC) reduces viscera mass in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed plant‐protein‐based diets

Atlantic salmon fed diets devoid of fishmeal but added 0.5 g  kg^?1 fish protein concentrate (FPC) showed reduced growth and lipid deposition without affecting protein accretion as compared to fish fed a fishmeal‐based control diet. The aim of the current study was to assess whether higher inclusion of FPC improved the growth and lipid deposition of Atlantic salmon (initial body weight 380 g) fed high plant protein diets. Quadruplicate groups of fish were fed diets containing 200 g kg^?1 fishmeal of which was replaced with FPC (150, 112, 75, 38 and 0 g kg^?1) for a period of 79 days. The rest of the diet protein was a mixture of plant proteins. The lipid source used was fish oil. A fishmeal‐based diet was included as a positive control for growth performance. None of the test diets differed from the positive control‐fed fish in voluntary feed intake, growth performance or nutrient accretion. Thus, the test diets were found appropriate to assess the effect of FPC inclusion. Replacement of fishmeal with increasing concentration of FPC did not affect voluntary feed intake (P = 0.56), but growth performance decreased (P = 0.02) resulting in an increased feed conversion ratio (P = 0.003). Viscerosomatic index decreased as diet FPC inclusion increased (P = 0.012) without affecting the dress out weight (P = 0.08). Thus, the apparently improved growth in fish fed the diets with the low FPC inclusion was because of a higher visceral mass. Possible reasons for the reduced visceral mass following addition of FPC to high plant protein diets are discussed.     

Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and protein sources on growth performance and cholesterol metabolism of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

A feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of supplemental cholesterol in fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein isolate (SPI) and soy protein concentrate (SPC)‐based diets on growth performance and plasma lipoprotein levels of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Eight isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets including FM, FPC, SPI or SPC as sole protein source with or without supplementation with 10 g cholesterol kg^?1 diet were fed to juvenile fish for 8 weeks. Dietary cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the feed intake and specific growth rate in fish fed SPI‐based diets, but decreased those in fish fed FPC‐based diets. In addition, cholesterol supplementation significantly increased the level of cholesterol and ratio of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma of fish fed fish protein‐based diets, whereas no effects were observed in fish fed soy protein‐based diets. The hepatic lipid content of fish fed FPC‐, SPI‐ or SPC‐based diets were significantly increased by supplemental cholesterol, but no influence was observed in fish fed FM‐based diets. These results suggested that dietary protein source modify the growth‐stimulating action of cholesterol; cholesterol supplementation may increase the arteriosclerotic lesion in fish fed fish protein‐based diets and the incidence of fatty liver in fish fed soy protein‐based diets.     

Evaluation of barley protein concentrate and fish protein concentrate,made from trimmings,as sustainable ingredients in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) feeds

Barley protein concentrate (BPC) was tested as a protein source in the diets of Atlantic salmon post‐smolts. Fish were fed one of four experimental diets consisting of a fish meal/soya protein concentrate control (CT) along with two feeds supplemented with increasing levels of BPC replacing the more costly SPC. A fourth diet partially replaced FM in the high BPC diet with a liquid fish protein concentrate (FPC) made from fish trimmings. No significant differences were observed in terms of growth at the end of the 12‐week feeding period, although the protein efficiency ratio (g gain g^?1 protein consumed) was significantly lower for the control compared to fish fed diets containing either BPC only or FPC and BPC. This suggests that diets containing BPC had a beneficial effect when compared to the control diet. Furthermore, the lack of any detriment to fish growth in diets containing BPC suggests there are no significant issues regarding any negative effects of potential antinutritional factors which can otherwise be the case with other plant origin products. The data presented in this study indicate that BPC and FPC are products which could be of benefit to salmon culture, and related species, in providing a valuable new raw material to the industry.     

Biosecurity Versus Profits: A Multiobjective Model for the Aquaculture Industry

In this study, we measure the value of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits. For this, we model the short‐run trade‐off between biosecurity and profits in the aquaculture industry. Incorporating the concept of “sanitary desirable volume (SDV)” for the salmon industry, we optimize a multiobjective model using base information from the Los Lagos region in Chile and identify a Pareto frontier. Within this setting, we analyze the shadow price of one objective in terms of the other, the effect of changes in the administrative regulations that limit fish density in the farms and the effect of prices on the Pareto frontier. We find that the effect of sanitary restrictions in terms of forgone profits is quantitatively important and that this effect is dependent on both the level of sanitary restrictions and the relative product prices. This has important implications for the design of sanitary restrictions in aquaculture. The level of the SDV should be determined carefully to avoid costly excess regulation. Moreover, market conditions can also affect the optimal level of regulation.     

Effects of dietary protein sources on feed intake,growth and plasma thyroid hormones levels of Japanese flounder (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Paralichthys olivaceus</Emphasis>)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of dietary protein sources on growth performance and plasma thyroid hormones levels of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain one of the followings as main protein source: fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and soy protein isolate (SPI). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate aquaria stocked with 25 fish each. The feed intake, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio in fish fed fish protein-based diets were significantly higher than those in fish fed soy protein-based diets. Feed intake and specific growth rate were significantly higher in FM treatment compared to FPC treatment and higher in SPI treatment compared to SPC treatment. The FM treatment had significantly higher levels of plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxin than the other treatments. These results indicate that high inclusion levels of soy protein in diets markedly inhibit the feeding rate and growth of P. olivaceus due to poor palatability caused by the removal of feeding stimulants and/or the incorporation of feeding deterrents. The reduced growth may be partly attributed to the amino acid imbalance, absence of small nitrogen compounds, and presence of antinutritional factors.     

Alternative protein sources in diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel): II. Effects on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of dietary protein sources on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the following as the sole protein source: fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate aquaria stocked with 25 Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) each. The dry matter, crude protein and energy digestibility and individual amino acid availability of the SPC‐based diet were significantly lower than those of the other diets. The crude lipid digestibility of soy protein‐based diets was significantly lower than that of the FM‐based diet. The pepsin/protease activity was significantly higher in fish fed fish protein‐based diets compared with fish fed soy protein‐based diets. The lipase activity in fish fed the SPI‐based diet was the highest among the dietary treatments. These results indicate that P. olivaceus can effectively digest the protein from FPC and SPI (but not SPC) as well as FM. The low protein digestibility and amino acid availability of the SPC‐based diet may be related to the non‐protein compounds present in SPC, whereas the low‐lipid digestibility of soy protein‐based diets may contribute to the undigested soy protein fractions and/or the alcohol‐soluble components.     

两种底拖网渔业资源调查船捕捞效率标准化分析

渔业资源科学调查是开展渔业资源状况评价、物种保护和管理等分析的重要数据来源，当调查方式发生变化时，维持数据的时间一致性至关重要。因此，原位试验获取不同调查方式的捕捞效率校正因子（fishing power correction，FPC）成为资源状况评价的先决条件。本研究通过平行拖网对比试验分析了科学调查船“中渔科211”（试验船）和生产性渔船“浙嵊渔10201-10243”（标准船）在开展渔业资源调查时对不同种类或类群的渔获率差异。结果表明，标准船和试验船平均渔获率分别为（47.27~1836.72）kg/nmile²和（12.28~311.85）kg/nmile²。标准船主要种类为小黄鱼（），渔获率范围分别为（1.17~1113.26）kg/nmile²和（0~565.39）kg/nmile²；试验船主要种类为鳀（），渔获率范围分别为（0~277.59）kg/nmile²和（0~125.24）kg/nmile²。2种调查方式对不同种类/组的渔获率随深度变化趋势出现分化，其中总渔获率、鱼类、银鲳（Apogonichthys lineatus）、绿鳍鱼（）8个种类/组表现为相似的变化趋势；甲壳类、细点圆趾蟹（Erisphex pottii）5个种类/组变化趋势相反；头足类、小黄鱼、龙头鱼在各深度变化具有异质性特征。这种变化与网口垂直扩张和所在水层位置有关。均值比和Kappenman方法估计的总渔获率FPC分别为0.35（95%置信区间为0.24~0.61）和0.43（95%置信区间为0.27~0.70），各种类渔获率均值比结果显示，FPC变化范围在0.03~2.61，其中总渔获率、鱼类、头足类、小黄鱼和绿鳍鱼达到显著水平，建议对上述种类的资源丰度指标年际变化趋势分析时进行数据校正。标准船以近底层种类为调查对象，尤其在捕获经济种类方面表现出优良性能，但对完整生态系统代表性较弱。试验船适合浅水区调查，在深水区由于网口垂直扩张不足，且网位存在上浮现象，难以反映近底层生态系统。     

Sanitary and environmental conditions of aquaculture sludge

Sludge from fish farming is a potential organic fertilizer whose land application may be an alternative to final disposal. This article discusses the sanitary and environmental properties of raw sludge from recirculating fish farming as well as sludge treated by anaerobic digestion based on the governing regulations in the United States, the European Union and Chile for the land application of biosolids. The results indicate that raw sludge meets the sanitary requirements for land application of biosolids and that the presence of antibiotics (florfenicol, oxolinic acid, enrofloxacin, flumequine and oxytetracycline) was not detected. The concentrations of each metal in the raw and digested sludge occur at levels far below the maximum allowed by the regulations governing land application of biosolids. The stabilized sludge is consistent with an exceptional quality biosolid, a classification accepted by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States for those biosolids that can be applied without restriction in any type of soil.     

Histopathological studies of bacterial haemorrhagic ascites of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel)

A histopathological study was carried out on ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, with bacterial haemorrhagic ascites. The fish were obtained from culture ponds in Wakayama Prefecture in 2003. The causative agent was identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida by a slide agglutination test using anti-P. plecoglossicida FPC941 serum. Histopathological studies revealed lesions in spleen, kidney, liver, intestine, heart and gills. Lesions in the spleen and haematopoietic tissue were prominent and invaded by P. plecoglossicida. Necrotic lesions accompanied by haemorrhage, fibrin deposition and oedema occurred in the splenic pulp and sheathed tissue, and in the kidney. The liver also had necrotic lesions and abscess formations. However, the intestine, heart and gills were only slightly invaded by P. plecoglossicida. No lesions or bacteria were observed in the brain.