布鲁氏菌病的检测方法

1病原学检测方法 布鲁氏菌及其种与生物型的检测鉴定，除直接进行病原分离和鉴定方法外，用过氧化物酶标记或荧光标记的特异性免疫染色检验方法也有报道。     

内参PCR法在布鲁氏菌病诊断中的应用

本试验以布鲁氏菌致病力因子VirB7下游至VirB9上游基因序列为目的扩增片段,设计上、下游引物,优化血样、奶样中布鲁氏菌基因组DNA的提取方法,建立布鲁氏菌内参PCR(IR-PCR)检测方法,用于血液、奶液样本中布鲁氏菌的检测。结果显示,内参PCR法有效地降低了PCR法诊断布鲁氏菌的假阴性率,且检测结果与常规的布鲁氏菌的诊断方法(细菌培养分离鉴定、iELASA)一致,该方法不仅提高了常规布鲁氏菌诊断方法的效率及灵敏度,而且降低了其假阴性和假阳性率。对血样、奶样的检出量分别为35CFU/mL、350 CFU/mL,适合于血样、奶样中布鲁氏菌的检测。     

牛种与非牛种布鲁氏菌ELISA鉴别检测方法的建立

为建立鉴别不同种布鲁氏菌的ELISA检测方法，筛选出牛种和非牛种布鲁氏菌差异基因NC-017250,并将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-30a中，并诱导表达。以纯化的NC-017250重组蛋白为包被抗原，通过优化反应条件建立NC-017250重组蛋白的间接ELISA检测方法。结果优化后最适血清稀释度为1∶100,兔抗牛HRP-IgG酶标二抗的最佳稀释度1∶5 000,阴、阳性临界值为0.390。用该方法对布鲁氏菌S2免疫血清、A19免疫血清、PPD、FMD、BVD及IBR等阳性血清样品进行检测，除了布鲁氏菌S2免疫血清检出阳性外，其他均为阴性，特异性良好；该方法检测S2和A19免疫血清，并用SPSS软件分析敏感性达95.2%,敏感性较高。重复性试验结果显示，批内变异系数和批间变异系数均<5%。用该方法检测80份牛源临床布鲁氏菌血清样品，结果阳性率为21.3%(17/80)。建立的ELISA方法可用于区分牛种和非牛种布鲁氏菌抗体，为布鲁氏菌不同种鉴定试剂盒的研发奠定了基础。     

布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白16单克隆抗体的制备及初步应用

旨在制备布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白16(OMP16)单克隆抗体，建立OMP16抗体竞争ELISA方法，为布病临床防控提供免疫血清学检测手段。本研究选取保守性高、免疫原性良好的布鲁氏菌OMP16,经原核表达获得携带GST或His标签的重组OMP16(rOMP16)。利用杂交瘤技术筛选可稳定分泌OMP16特异性单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株，经亚型鉴定、细胞核型分析和抗体交叉反应性试验分析单抗性质。制备小鼠腹水并纯化，方阵滴定法建立布鲁氏菌OMP16抗体竞争ELISA方法。结果表明，成功构建OMP16原核表达系统，经表达、纯化获得rGST-uOMP16和rHis-OMP16。筛选到1株遗传稳定的OMP16特异性杂交瘤细胞株，命名为B7;经鉴定，该抗体亚型为IgM-κ型，可识别目的蛋白，与标签蛋白无交叉反应。建立了布鲁氏菌OMP16抗体竞争ELISA方法，该方法与试管凝集试验检测结果相比总体符合率为90.53%,显示出良好的一致性。本研究有望为布鲁氏菌病的临床防控提供特异性高、敏感性好的免疫血清学检测方法。     

荧光原位杂交在布鲁氏菌和牛结核分枝杆菌检测中的应用

荧光原位杂交技术可快速鉴定病原菌,较传统病原分离鉴定方法具有明显优势。针对我国动物布鲁氏菌病和牛结核病这两个重要的人兽共患病,目前还没有标准的荧光原位杂交检测方法可供参考。为建立布鲁氏菌和牛结核分枝杆菌荧光原位杂交检测方法,快速诊断动物布鲁氏菌病和牛结核病,利用布鲁氏菌探针Bru-996和结核分枝杆菌探针MTB770,通过优化杂交温度、杂交时间和样品处理等关键条件,确定最佳检测程序;根据已知背景的菌株和临床样品,对Bru-996和MTB770探针的特异性和敏感性进行评价,最终建立了荧光复位杂交诊断方法。结果显示:反应条件优化后,该方法可在4h内完成布鲁氏菌检测;荧光标记Bru-996探针与布鲁氏菌待检菌株的杂交结果均为阳性,而与结核分枝杆菌、禽结核分枝杆菌和大肠杆菌杂交结果均为阴性,并从5个已知背景的组织病料中成功检出布鲁氏菌。牛结核分枝杆菌检测则需要6~8h,杂交前必须对样品用二甲苯和溶菌酶进行处理;MTB770探针可特异性识别并能从牛肺部结节中检出牛结核分枝杆菌。结果表明,荧光原位杂交方法快速、简便,而且Bru-996和MTB770探针分别在布鲁氏菌和牛结核分枝杆菌检测上具有较高的特异性,可替代传统的病原分离鉴定,作为动物布鲁氏菌病和牛结核病的实验室确诊方法。     

AMOS PCR在布鲁氏菌种型鉴定中应用的研究

AMOSPCR是近年来在布鲁氏菌上尝试使用的一种布鲁氏菌检测方法,可作为布鲁氏菌诊断及菌种类型鉴定的PCR方法,可区分牛种布鲁氏菌1、2、4型,羊种布鲁氏菌、猪种布鲁氏菌、绵羊附睾种布鲁氏菌。本试验用来自国内的疫苗S2,M5及国际上常用的布鲁氏菌疫苗S19,104M试验AMOSPCR的效果,同时对AMOSPCR扩增条带进行测序。结果表明,除国内布鲁氏菌S19检测结果与国外菌株不同外,其余的几种疫苗株都得到典型的特征性条带。同时测序结果也表明各种属条带无交叉反应,为今后国内诊断布鲁氏菌病诊断方法研究指出一个方向。     

甘肃省永靖县奶牛布鲁氏菌病监测与病原分离鉴定

为查明甘肃省永靖县奶牛布鲁氏菌病流行情况、感染菌种和类型,2013—2017年对永靖县8月龄以上奶牛进行了布鲁氏菌病监测,对2016年检出的3份疑似感染布鲁氏菌奶牛的脾脏进行了病原分离与鉴定。结果显示:2013—2014年检测奶牛444头,未检出阳性;2015—2016年检测奶牛706头,检出阳性63头,个体阳性率为8.92%;3份脾脏样本均为布鲁氏菌PCR检测阳性,细菌分离培养15 d,只有1份生长菌落;将分离菌株用AMOS-PCR进行检测,获得流产布鲁氏菌特征的扩增条带,且分离菌株的omp25基因测序结果与流产布鲁氏菌高度吻合。本监测和细菌分离鉴定结果为该地布鲁氏菌病防控提供了技术支撑。     

新疆马鹿养殖场布鲁氏菌病流行病调查

多年来，在新疆马鹿养殖过程中，存在一定比例生产母鹿怀孕后发生流产，死胎、空胎等现象，给新疆马鹿养殖带来很大的经济损失，可以说布鲁杆氏菌病严重影响新疆马鹿养殖业健康发展和人们身体的健康。 最近应吧州库尔勒市及阿勒泰布尔津县某养鹿场的分别邀请，我们对马鹿养殖场进行布鲁氏菌病免疫学诊断检测及对送来的布鲁氏菌疑似菌进行布病病原鉴定。检测及鉴定证实本地区马鹿中有布鲁氏菌感染     

布钱氏菌菌种保存期

对１２株至少已冷藏２０年的布鲁氏菌冻干培养物按其常规鉴定项目进行了鉴定，Ｓ－Ｒ变异，对豚鼠的致病性，对动物的免疫原性和试管抗原性等试验，这２０株菌中包括４株马尔他热布鲁氏菌，４株流产布鲁氏菌，３株猪布鲁氏菌和一株羊布鲁氏菌，其中部分为定型菌株。     

单重PCR鉴别犬4种布鲁氏菌检测方法的建立

为建立适合犬布鲁氏菌病临床检测的单重PCR方法,通过对比粗糙型（犬种）与光滑型（羊种、牛种和猪种）布鲁氏菌基因组DNA的序列差异,设计1对引物并优化反应条件,建立了可初步鉴别犬4种布鲁氏菌的PCR方法,然后对该方法的特异性和灵敏度进行评价,并对20份犬布鲁氏菌血清学阳性的血液样品进行临床检测。结果显示,利用建立的PCR反应体系对牛种、羊种和猪种布鲁氏菌均能扩增出717 bp的目的条带,对犬种布鲁氏菌能扩增出366 bp的目的条带;最低可检测到犬种、羊种、猪种和牛种布鲁氏菌基因组DNA浓度分别为5.07×10-2、6.20×10-2、7.80×10-3和5.50×10-2 ng/μL;20份血液样品中共检测到3份犬种布鲁氏菌阳性样品,与使用GB/T 18646—2018引物的PCR检测结果一致。结果表明,本试验建立的单重PCR方法简捷、特异、敏感,适合基层兽医实验室对犬布鲁氏菌病的检测与鉴定。     

Evaluation of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting Brucella abortus antibodies.

The specificity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) corresponds to conventional methods for detecting brucella antibodies in bovine serum. The ELISA test detected brucella antibodies early in only 12.5% of the cattle sera tested. Also, the sensitivity of ELISA was comparable to complement-fixation and Rivanol methods, but less sensitive than the standard tube agglutination method.     

新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌HtrA基因与GroEL基因的克隆及其原核表达

根据已发表的牛流产型布鲁氏菌HtrA（High temperature requinnent A）基因、GroEL（热休克蛋白）基因设计特异性引物，从新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌基因组中扩增出HtrA、GroEL基因片段，将HtrA、GroEL基因片段纯化后分别克隆到T载体上测序，结果表明新疆绵羊种布鲁氏菌HtrA基因片段长1542bp，编码513个氨基酸，与发表的牛种（B．abortus）、羊种（B．melitensis）、猪种（B．suis）的HtrA基因序列的同源性分别为99．68％、99．81％、99．55％。GroEL基因片段长1641bp，编码546个氨基酸，与B．melitensis、B．suis以及B．aborms GroEL基因的核苷酸序列同源性分别为99．88％、99．82％、99．88％。HtrA基因和GroEL基因与发表的B．abortus、B．melitensis、B．suis的HtrA基因和GroEL基因序列的具有很高的同源性。按正确的阅读框架分别将两基因片段定向克隆到表达载体pET．28a上，将重组质粒转化到大肠杆菌BL21菌株，经IPTG诱导表达，SDS-PAGE电泳和western blot分析表明，HtrA、GroEL基因能在大肠杆菌中成功表达，表达的蛋白分子量都约为60Ku，并能和布鲁氏菌免疫兔子产生的抗体发生特异性的结合。     

布鲁氏菌omp28基因的克隆、表达及反应原性分析

本研究克隆了羊种布鲁氏菌16M株、羊种布鲁氏菌M28株、犬种布鲁氏菌、绵羊附睾种布鲁氏菌、牛种布鲁氏菌A19株、猪种布鲁氏菌S2株的omp28基因并对以上不同种菌株的omp28基因序列及编码的氨基酸序列进行了比对,结果显示不同种布鲁氏菌omp28基因之间仅6个碱基不同,而且只有2个氨基酸不同,亲水性分析结果显示两处氨基酸的差异对蛋白亲水性不造成影响.将羊种布鲁氏菌16M的omp28基因亚克隆到pET32a中表达,OMP28在低温下诱导以可溶性形式高效表达.Westem-blot结果显示OMP28反应原性良好,是布鲁氏菌病诊断抗原的可能选择.     

Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses of cattle to Brucella abortus, Mycobacterium bovis, and tetanus toxoid: evaluation of immunization and assay techniques.

A concentration of 2.5 X 10(-5) M 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) added to the medium in lymphocyte blastogenesis assays increased both the uptake of [3H]thymidine in unstimulated lymphocyte cultures and the probability of detecting antigen-sensitized cattle. The use of 2-ME did not cause lymphocytes from unsensitized cattle to react positively in blastogenesis assays. A crude brucella lysate prepared from Brucella abortus strain 19 was compared with a well-characterized brucella protein allergen prepared from B melitensis and was found to be equally suitable for use in blastogenesis assays. Cell-mediated immunity was produced most effectively in 4-month-old calves by tetanus toxoid, then by Mycobacterium bovis, and least effectively by B abortus.     

非洲猪瘟病毒常规PCR及Real-time PCR检测方法的建立

根据非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)P72基因的核苷酸序列,设计并合成引物以及荧光标记的TaqMan探针,以含P72基因的重组质粒作为阳性模板,用于常规PCR和Real-time PCR方法的建立,结果表明常规PCR的检测灵敏度是600个拷贝的病毒核酸分子,Real-time PCR的检测灵敏度是20个拷贝的病毒核酸分子,两种PCR检测方法均具有特异性强、简单快速的优点。可以用于出入境检验检疫部门对非洲猪瘟病毒的快速检测。     

Brucella suis identification and biovar typing by real-time PCR

Fast and accurate identification of Brucella suis at the biovar level is an important issue for public health laboratories because some of the biovars that infect suidae (boars and pigs) are pathogenic for humans while others are not. Since classical biovar typing methods are often time-consuming, hard to standardize and require high-level biosafety containment, methodological improvements are desirable. This article describes new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) signatures for the rapid identification and biovar characterization of B. suis. These SNPs were included together with previously described ones in real-time PCR assays applicable to low-biosafety conditions. Allelic profiles unique for each B. suis biovar were defined and the most relevant signatures were determined on a collection of 137 field strains of worldwide origin characterized previously. Biovars assigned with both present and classical methods were globally consistent except for some biovar 3 field strains which matched the allelic profile of biovar 1.     

Preliminary evidence for a diagnostic immunoglobulin G1 antibody response among culture-positive cows vaccinated with Brucella abortus strain 19 and challenge exposed with strain 2308

The sera of cows inoculated with Brucella abortus have a characteristically high titer of immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 antibodies to a soluble brucella antigen compared with sera of noninoculated vaccinated cattle. Concentrations of antigen-specific IgG1 were greater than 10-fold higher than those for IgG2, even though total IgG2 concentrations were higher than total IgG1 concentrations. Increases in IgG1 antibodies to Brucella abortus soluble antigen were detected shortly after vaccination in those cows from which strain 19 was isolated and by 28 weeks in cows from which strain 2308 was isolated. Increases in specific antibodies were not paralleled by increases in either total IgG1 or total IgG2 concentrations. Rather, there was a 15-fold to greater than 200-fold increase in specific activity, with up to 16% of the IgG1 specific for the brucella antigen used in the assay. Thus, measurement of changes in total IgG1 concentrations is not a reliable method to identify brucellosis-associated anti-Brucella abortus soluble antigen activity. Only one cow in a panel of 10 selected for detailed study showed a false-positive IgG1 titer, whereas some serologic assays showed as many as 4 or 5 false-positives. Results of the complement-fixation test, among the battery of serologic tests used for detection of brucellosis, best agreed with the occurrence of increased IgG1 antibody levels.     

安氏隐孢子虫PCR诊断试剂盒的初步应用

运用首次研制的安氏隐孢子虫PCR诊断试剂盒对广东省4个奶牛场和河南省1个奶牛场共234份样品,进行了安氏隐孢子虫感染的实际检测,并与常规检测方法饱和蔗糖漂浮法、改良抗酸染色法进行了比较。本试剂盒的检出率比常规检测方法提高了2%～13%,显示该试剂盒具有特异、敏感等优点,对开展隐孢子虫病的鉴别诊断和分子流行病学调查具有重要的应用价值。     

Development of a model ribosomal RNA hybridization assay for the detection of Sarcocystis and other coccidia.

Two regions of the primary structure of the small subunit rRNA of Sarcocystis muris bradyzoites were compared with nucleotide sequences of S. gigantea, Toxoplasma gondii, Plasmodium berghei and Mus musculus and used to design genus- and species-specific probes for the detection and identification of coccidia. Total cellular RNA of purified S. muris, S. cruzi, T. gondii and Eimeria nieschulzi and coccidia-infected tissues of mouse, ox, sheep and pig, were assayed using twenty-base oligomers labelled with 32P. Hybridization occurred at temperatures ranging from 21 degrees C to 41 degrees C or 51 degrees C. One probe detected only S. muris and another successfully hybridized to several members of coccidia, including S. muris, S. cruzi, T. gondii and E. nieschulzi. One ng of total cellular RNA was sufficient to yield detectable hybrids in slot blot assays. The excellent sensitivity suggests that rRNA-based probes are capable of detecting individual parasites, and can assay low levels of coccidial infections not detectable by other methods. The results of this study show that it is possible to customize the specificity of rRNA-based probes for diagnostic, epidemiological or taxonomic purposes.