C波段多极化SAR反演土壤水分研究

[目的]研究不同极化方式下雷达后向散射系数与地表土壤含水量之间的关系.[方法]在分析不同地表微波散射模型基础上,选用合适的植被散射模型结合多极化雷达数据从雷达总的后向散射中去除植被影响,建立土壤后向散射系数与土壤含水量的关系.[结果]拟合HH极化、HV极化雷达观测数据与土壤水分数据,相关系数为HH极化R2=0.552 3,HV极化R2=0.357 9.[结论]微波具有全天候、穿透性以及不受云层影响的独特物理机制,使其在研究大尺度土壤水分反演时效果较好,相比较HV极化,HH极化雷达影像数据更适合干旱区作物植被覆盖地区土壤水分监测.     

林木种子介电分选机理的探讨

该文分析了林木种子的介电分选机理,提出了种子理想介质模型,讨论了种子在电场中的极化过程和运动状态,并建立了种子介电分选的数学模型．分析了极化力的形成机制并进行了计算,讨论了影响极化力大小的主要因素．在所建数学模型的基础上,对分选参数作了细致讨论,最终指明这些参数在种子介电分选中的影响     

内蒙古河套灌区土壤墒情信息的多极化雷达响应分析

以内蒙古河套灌区磴口县为研究区,结合Radarsat-2四极化雷达遥感数据对土壤墒情进行响应分析。研究结果表明,同极化后向散射系数同土壤墒情的响应性高于交叉极化,以同极化均值和交叉极化均值作为参量建立回归模型进而对研究区反演分析,经实测数据检验,该方法能够在一定程度上满足土壤水分监测的需要,优于传统土壤水分分类方法。     

极化敏感均匀圆阵中PARAFAC信号检测算法

分析了极化敏感均匀圆阵接收到的信号，该信号具有三线性模型特征。提出了极化敏感均匀圆阵中平行因子信号检测算法。该算法利用三线性交替最小二乘（TALS）算法估计出信源矩阵，然后对其进行判决。仿真结果表明；该算法误码率性能接近于非盲解相关方法;与非盲解相关方法相比，在较高的SNR情况下误码率相差不到2dB；且在阵列扰动情况下仍具有较好的误码率性能。该算法无需空域信息和极化信息，是一种盲鲁棒方法。     

水分子对无机离子位移极化作用研究

本文讨论了水分子对离子的位移极化作用，计算了极化率大而极化能力小的离子（Ｋ＋，Ｒｂ＋，Ｃｓ＋，Ｆ－，Ｃｌ－，Ｂｒ－，Ｉ－Ｃａ２＋，Ｓｒ２＋，Ｂａ２＋）极化能及其水化热。结果表明，理论计算值与文献值非常相符，最大误差８．７％，表明所得模型与实际情况一致，处理方法可靠     

利用ALOS PALSAR双极化数据估测山区森林蓄积量模型

合成孔径雷达（SAR）技术以其独特的成像机制及其全天候、全天时成像能力,在森林生物量估测方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。利用野外实测数据分析了ALOSPALSAR双极化数据后向散射系数（σoHH,σ0HV,σHV/HH）与云南山区松林蓄积量的关系,并分别构建简单线性、自然指数和加入地理因子的多元回归模型。研究结果表明：极化比值（σ0Hv/HH）与蓄积量的相关系数（r=-0．407）比任何单极化（σoHH和σ0HV分别为0．204和－0．242）都要高,加入地理因子的多元回归模型在森林蓄积量估算中有较好的精度。图3表2参12     

Ganymede: radar surface characteristics

Radar observations of Ganymede, at X-band, show that the surface is unusually bright and has unusual polarization properties. A model of the surface based on large numbers of random ice facets (hence vacuum-ice interfaces) is able to account for these characteristics.     

Polarization observations with the Cosmic Background Imager

Polarization observations of the cosmic microwave background with the Cosmic Background Imager from September 2002 to May 2004 provide a significant detection of the E-mode polarization and reveal an angular power spectrum of polarized emission showing peaks and valleys that are shifted in phase by half a cycle relative to those of the total intensity spectrum. This key agreement between the phase of the observed polarization spectrum and that predicted on the basis of the total intensity spectrum provides support for the standard model of cosmology, in which dark matter and dark energy are the dominant constituents, the geometry is close to flat, and primordial density fluctuations are predominantly adiabatic with a matter power spectrum commensurate with inflationary cosmological models.     

应用Sentinel-1影像纹理信息模型估测杉木林生物量

以福建省将乐县杉木林为研究对象,以C波段双极化合成孔径雷达数据(Sentinel-1)为数据源,通过计算不同极化方式下的后向散射系数和纹理特征值,采用多元线性逐步回归分析,分别建立以后向散射系数与纹理特征值为自变量,杉木林生物量为因变量的估测模型,筛选最优杉木林生物量估测模型。结果表明:VH、VV与VH/VV极化方式的后向散射系数与森林生物量均没有明显的相关关系,相关系数均低于0.2;运用纹理信息建立的生物量估测模型中,VV极化纹理特征值的估测模型的决定系数为0.716 7,均方根误差为62.48 t·hm-2,模型的估测效果最好。因此,C波段双极化合成孔径雷达影像纹理参数在估测森林生物量方面具有重要作用。     

Characterization of Io's Volcanic Activity by Infrared Polarimetry

The thermal emission from Io's volcanic hot spots is linearly polarized. Infrared measurements at 4.76 micrometers show disk-integrated polarization as large as 1.6 percent. The degree and position angle of linear polarization vary with Io's rotation in a manner characteristic of emission from a small number of hot spots. A model incorporating three hot spots best fits the data. The largest of these hot spots lies to the northeast of Loki Patera, as mapped from Voyager, and the other spot on the trailing hemisphere is near Ra Patera. The hot spot on the leading hemisphere corresponds to no named feature on the Voyager maps. The value determined for the index of refraction of the emitting surface is a lower bound; it is similar to that of terrestrial basalts and is somewhat less than that of sulfur.     

Dielectric siphons

The normally weak polarization force density, exerted on insulating dielectric liquids by a nonuniform electric field, is enhanced if high pressures are used. The result is a new class of orientation and guiding structures for liquids: electric "walls" contain the liquid. The dielectric siphon is an example of such a system. A simple laminar flow model for the device successfully describes the operation of the siphon.     

贵州春季一次强冰雹天气过程双线偏振雷达观测分析

为探索X波段双线偏振雷达对冰雹云识别效果,对贵州春季一次强冰雹天气过程偏振雷达降水识别进行分析。结果表明,双线偏振雷达能够从水平反射率因子识别出冰雹云,在有效探测范围内能够获取冰雹粒子真实回波信息。偏振雷达的降水类型识别能够正确识别冰雹,同时识别到冰雹落区与实际降雹落区基本一致。在人工防雹作业时,可以利用双线偏振雷达识别冰雹云,获得科学作业时机和作业部位。     

Polarization: a key to an airbone optical system for the detection of oil on water

Skylight polarization, which varies with the position of the sun in the sky, influences the contrast of oil on water. Good contrast is most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth directions toward or away from the sun. Contrast is enhanced by imaging selected polarization components and by taking the difference between orthogonal polarization components.     

温光生态因素对不同类型水稻幼穗分化期长短的影响

通过连续三年的水稻分期播种试验,对不同类型品种幼穗分化期的长短与温光生态因素的关系进行了探讨研究。结果表明,不同类型的水稻品种幼穗分化期的长短受日照时数和日均温的影响。与日照时数多少呈正相关,与日均温高低呈负相关。     

木材微波干燥的极化理论

微波技术的发展,引起木材工业应用微波干燥木材的重视,但目前仍处于试验生产和科学研究阶段。为了从理论上了解微波干燥木材的机理,本文应用唯象理论进行了简要的讨论。分析表明:在木材的四种极化现象中偶极子取向极化的热效应是介质损耗的主要方面。木材是一种复杂的不均匀各向异性电介质,介电系数极为复杂,文中以介电张量表示之,根据微波场中木材极化弛豫规律导出了木材介电张量随频率变化的关系,并且得到木材微波干燥发热量的一般表达式。     

黄土丘陵区3种典型人工阔叶纯林枯落物分解对土壤性质极化的影响

【目的】探讨黄土丘陵区3种典型人工阔叶纯林枯落物分解对土壤性质极化的影响,为防治森林土壤退化和连栽障碍提供科学依据。【方法】在位于黄土高原中部半湿润黄土丘陵区的陕西黄陵县,选择刺槐、辽东栎和小叶杨3种典型人工阔叶纯林为研究对象,采集林地腐殖质层土壤和枯落物（当年枯落叶及细根）,分别设“土壤+枯落叶”、“土壤+根系”、“土壤＋枯落叶+根系”和土壤不与任何枯落物混合（对照）4种处理方式,进行室内混合培养试验,共培养120 d,分析枯落物分解对土壤生物学和化学性质极化的影响。【结果】1）在刺槐林地,枯落叶分解主要引起土壤pH值、过氧化氢酶活性和微生物数量负向极化,根系分解主要引起pH值、速效磷含量负向极化;但就土壤总体性质而言,枯落叶和根系均引起了正向极化,且根系影响大于枯落叶,二者混合分解对土壤的影响总体表现为相互抑制。2）在辽东栎林地,枯落叶分解主要引起蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性及速效磷、速效钾含量负向极化,根系分解主要引起过氧化氢酶活性和速效钾含量负向极化;但就土壤总体性质而言,枯落叶分解引起了负向极化,而根系分解引起了较弱的正向极化,且二者混合分解对土壤的影响总体表现为较弱抑制作用。3）在小叶杨林地,枯落叶分解主要引起蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性及速效磷含量负向极化,根系分解主要引起蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶活性及微生物数量和速效磷含量负向极化;就土壤总体性质而言,枯落叶和根系均引起了负向极化,且根系影响较明显,二者混合分解对土壤的影响总体表现为相互促进。【结论】从枯落物分解对土壤性质极化影响的总体结果来看,刺槐比较适宜在该地区一定时间内继续连栽,其次为辽东栎,而小叶杨不适宜。     

高温高压下P110钢CO2腐蚀电化学行为研究

运用电化学测量技术,研究了P110油套管钢在模拟油田现场腐蚀环境中的腐蚀电化学行为.研究结果表明,随着试验时间的延长,腐蚀速率逐渐降低.在试验时间达到72 h后,腐蚀速率降低的趋势变缓;阳极极化曲线上出现了类似于钝化的现象.阴极极化曲线的Tafel斜率变化较大,P110钢的阴极反应趋势已经不同;P110钢的EIS表明极化电阻逐渐增大,电极反应由最初的活化控制变为由扩散和活化共同控制.     

中国栽培稻的籼粳分化机理再论

综述前人在不同时期对栽培稻起源演化的代表性观点,并结合近年来对稻种籼粳分化机理的研究结果,重点研究了籼粳分化的机理并提出了自然选择与人工选择对籼粳分化的影响作用,其作用有三:一是确定籼粳分化的方向;二是积累和扩大籼粳分化的范围和程度;三是人工选择加上生态环境的自然选择的作用要明显大于单纯的自然选择。其结果可为进一步研究栽培稻的起源与演化和育种提供参考。     

Mechanical writing of ferroelectric polarization

Ferroelectric materials are characterized by a permanent electric dipole that can be reversed through the application of an external voltage, but a strong intrinsic coupling between polarization and deformation also causes all ferroelectrics to be piezoelectric, leading to applications in sensors and high-displacement actuators. A less explored property is flexoelectricity, the coupling between polarization and a strain gradient. We demonstrate that the stress gradient generated by the tip of an atomic force microscope can mechanically switch the polarization in the nanoscale volume of a ferroelectric film. Pure mechanical force can therefore be used as a dynamic tool for polarization control and may enable applications in which memory bits are written mechanically and read electrically.     

Polarization-modulated smectic liquid crystal phases

Any polar-ordered material with a spatially uniform polarization field is internally frustrated: The symmetry-required local preference for polarization is to be nonuniform, i.e., to be locally bouquet-like or "splayed." However, it is impossible to achieve splay of a preferred sign everywhere in space unless appropriate defects are introduced into the field. Typically, in materials like ferroelectric crystals or liquid crystals, such defects are not thermally stable, so that the local preference is globally frustrated and the polarization field remains uniform. Here, we report a class of fluid polar smectic liquid crystals in which local splay prevails in the form of periodic supermolecular-scale polarization modulation stripes coupled to layer undulation waves. The polar domains are locally chiral, and organized into patterns of alternating handedness and polarity. The fluid-layer undulations enable an extraordinary menagerie of filament and planar structures that identify such phases.